INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA

PROGRESS REPORT ON
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT
Supun Construction
102 / Sewagama, Palugasdamana
Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka.

NAME - M.K.N. HARSHAJEEWA

REGISTRATION NO - 18/IT/ME/575
COURSE - NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN TECHNOLOGY
FIELD - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PERIOD - 05 OCTOBER 2021 – 05 APRIL 2022
PREFACE

The industrial training progress report is based on training experiences that I have obtained at Supun
Construction. No 102, Sewagama, Palugasdamana, Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka.
This report is a three-month progress report on my training period. I was able to familiarize myself with the
industrial environment and gained practical experience by applying the principles that learned at the
institute.
This industrial training is coordinated by the National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority (NAITA)
in association with the Institute of Technology at the University of Moratuwa.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to convey my sincere and heartfelt gratitude to the Department of
mechanical engineering technology at the University of Moratuwa for offering me the chance to be a trainee
at Supun Construction as the second industrial place.
My special thanks go to Mr. Kamalnath Jinadasa, Training engineer of the industrial training division of
ITUM. and I would like to acknowledge with much appreciation the national apprentice and international
industrial training authority (NAITA) for providing this opportunity and planning for my training period.
Then, I must be grateful to Mr. K.S.A. Perera Owner of the Construction, Mr. R.W.B. Jayasekara Engineer
of the construction, and Mr. B.G.L. Bandara Technical Officer who guided and supervised us on to correct
path during these six months.
Then I also like to thank all engineers, assistant engineers’ supervisors, Forman, and all other workmen at
Construction who treated me as a friend and share their knowledge, and experiences with me, and guide
me to get better knowledge.

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Contents
PREFACE................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER 01 - INTRODUCTION OF THE TRAINING ORGANIZATION...................................................................................6
1.1. VISION............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2. MISSION......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3. OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1.4. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE...................................................................................................................................... 6
............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 02 – INDUSTRIAL SAFETY...................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2. SITE SAFETY................................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.3. TYPES OF ACCIDENT................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4. IMPORTANT OF SAFETY.............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.5. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.5.1. Safety Equipment................................................................................................................................................................... 8
a). Helmets...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
b). Gloves........................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
c). Boots and safety shoes............................................................................................................................................................... 9
d). Goggle...................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
e). Safety Jacket............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
f). Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................................................................ 10
2.6. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS................................................................................................................................................ 11
CHAPTER 03 – Training Experience........................................................................................................................................ 12
3.1. WHAT IS MEP............................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.1. Mechanical........................................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.2. Electrical.............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.1.3. Plumbing.............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.1.3.1. What is Plumbing?........................................................................................................................................................... 13
a). Water supply system................................................................................................................................................................ 13
b). Drainage................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
c). Plumbing Standard................................................................................................................................................................... 14
d). Plumbing Components............................................................................................................................................................. 14
e). Plumbing Calculations.............................................................................................................................................................. 16
3.2. WHAT IS HVAC............................................................................................................................................................ 16
3.2.1. Heating................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
3.2.2. Ventilation............................................................................................................................................................................ 16
3.2.3. Air Condition........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.2.4. HVAC Standard................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.5. HVAC Main Components..................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.6. HVAC Calculation................................................................................................................................................................ 18

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 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 1 - Organization Structure....................................................................................................................................6

Figure 2 - Industrial Safety..............................................................................................................................................7
Figure 3 - Site Safety......................................................................................................................................................7
Figure 4 - Helmet.............................................................................................................................................................9
Figure 5 - Gloves.............................................................................................................................................................9
Figure 6 - Boots and Safety Shoes.................................................................................................................................9
Figure 7 - Goggle..........................................................................................................................................................10
Figure 8 - Safety Jacket................................................................................................................................................10
Figure 9 - Safety Warning.............................................................................................................................................11
Figure 10 - Fire Extinguishers.......................................................................................................................................11
Figure 11 - MEP............................................................................................................................................................12
Figure 12 - Pipes, Valves, Fittings................................................................................................................................15
Figure 13 - Fixtures, appliances, Meters.......................................................................................................................15
Figure 14 - Backflow, Traps, Vents...............................................................................................................................15
Figure 15 - Pumps, Filters, treatment devises..............................................................................................................15

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 CHAPTER 01 - INTRODUCTION OF THE TRAINING ORGANIZATION

1.1. VISION

Our vision is to be the leading construction company in our region, delivering innovative and sustainable
solutions for our clients and communities. We aim to create lasting value for our stakeholders while ensuring the
highest standards of safety, quality, and integrity in everything we do.

1.2. MISSION

Our mission is to provide high-quality construction services that exceed our clients’ expectations and meet
their specific needs. We do this by leveraging our expertise, experience, and innovation while adhering to the best
practices of safety, sustainability, and ethics. We are committed to building long-term relationships with our clients,
partners, suppliers, and employees, based on trust, respect, and mutual benefit.

1.3. OBJECTIVES

 To deliver high-quality projects on time and within budget.

 To ensure the safety and well-being of all our employees, subcontractors, and clients.
 To minimize the environmental impact of our activities and contribute to sustainable development.
 To satisfy our clients’ needs and expectations and build long-term relationships with them.
 To maintain a competitive edge in the market and increase our market share and profitability.
 To attract, develop, and retain the best talent in the industry and create a positive and collaborative work
environment.
 To innovate and improve our processes, methods, and technologies to enhance our efficiency and
effectiveness.
 To uphold the highest standards of ethics, integrity, and professionalism in all our dealings.
 To diversify our services and products to meet the changing demands of the industry and our clients.
 To engage with our communities and stakeholders and support social causes that align with our values.

1.4. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Figure 1 - Organization Structure

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 CHAPTER 02 – INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

2.1. INTRODUCTION

Working in a workshop involves various risks of accidents. Accidents are not always avoidable, but we can
minimize them and their consequences. Therefore, it is essential to follow safety precautions. By preventing
accidents, we can complete our tasks smoothly and without harming ourselves or others. The notice “Safety first” at
the workshop entrance reminds us of the importance of being careful in this place. The following methods are used to
prevent or reduce safety risks.

Figure 2 - Industrial Safety

2.2. SITE SAFETY

Construction site safety is the practice of protecting workers and the public from hazards and risks associated
with construction activities. Construction sites can pose various dangers, such as falls, electrocutions, crush injuries,
and exposure to hazardous substances. Therefore, it is important to follow safety rules and regulations, use
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and conduct regular inspections and risk assessments.
Construction safety managers are responsible for enforcing safety standards and ensuring compliance with the
relevant laws and regulations, Construction safety aims to prevent accidents, injuries, diseases, and fatalities on
construction sites and ensure the quality and safety of the finished product.

Figure 3 - Site Safety

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2.3. TYPES OF ACCIDENT

 Falls from heights.

 Slip and falls.
 Repetitive stress injuries.
 Gas leaks, fires, and explosions
 Forklift accidents
 Trench accidents
 Elevator shaft accidents.
 Electrocutions.
 Machinery accidents.
 Struck-by accidents.
 Caught-between accidents.
 Exposure to dangerous chemicals or toxins

2.4. IMPORTANT OF SAFETY

 Life & property

 Proper management of construction workers
 Safe the total construction cost
 Reduce workers’ compensation claims.
 Improved employee morale & satisfaction
 Increased productivity
 Reduced insurance cost

2.5. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

2.5.1. Safety Equipment

a). Helmets

Safety helmets with different colors for different categories are provided for head protection. No one can enter to
the workshop without wearing a safety helmet.

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 Figure 4 - Helmet

b). Gloves

Gloves are used to protect the hand when the rough surfaces are handled and while doing the welding processes.
It is necessary to do the work continuously and effectively.

Figure 5 - Gloves

c). Boots and safety shoes

Labors and staff members who are working in the workshop should wear safety shoes when working to protect
the foot from falling materials and to prevent penetration of nails.

Figure 6 - Boots and Safety Shoes

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d). Goggle

Goggles were given to the workers to protect their eyes when doing breaking, cutting, drilling works and welding
works.

Figure 7 - Goggle

e). Safety Jacket

At the construction site, the visibility of workers or flaggers is pertinent to their safety. Construction workers
typically wear garments with a variety of fluorescent colors, including orange, yellow or green. These garments can
be construction safety vests, shirts, or jackets. They provide an easy way to identify employees and their location
within a construction site.

Figure 8 - Safety Jacket

f). Safety Warnings

A workshop is a place where objects and activities can mix to pose danger to life and property. Dangerous tools
and materials are used and stored inside a workshop. Electricity, fuels, and gas can be present inside a workshop.
Accidents can happen anytime, which is why presence of mind and awareness of all the hazards is very important to
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avoid any injury. Various work safety signs must be generously installed inside your workshop to remind you that
safety must always be your priority.

Figure 9 - Safety Warning

2.6. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Fire extinguishers are essential for fire safety. A fire can break out at any time and in any part of the workshop.
Therefore, we need to be ready to deal with such a situation. We have fire extinguishers available and marked as a
safety measure.

Figure 10 - Fire Extinguishers

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 CHAPTER 03 – Training Experience

3.1. WHAT IS MEP

MEP systems are the backbone of any modern building. MEP stands for Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing,
and it refers to the installation of services that provide a comfortable and functional space for the building occupants.
MEP engineers are responsible for designing and selecting these systems, which include heating, cooling,
ventilation, lighting, power, water supply, fire protection, and more. MEP systems are essential for ensuring the
safety, health, comfort, and efficiency of buildings. However, they also pose significant challenges in terms of cost,
complexity, coordination, sustainability, and innovation.

Figure 11 - MEP

3.1.1. Mechanical

Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, installation, and maintenance
of mechanical systems such as heating, cooling, ventilation, and exhaust systems. Mechanical systems are
responsible for providing a comfortable and healthy environment for the building occupants and for the operation of
machines and equipment. Mechanical engineering is also involved in the selection and optimization of energy
sources and distribution systems for buildings.
Some of the important aspects of mechanical engineering are.

 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems: These systems control the temperature,
humidity, and air quality of indoor spaces by using various devices such as boilers, chillers, fans, ducts,
filters, and thermostats. HVAC systems can be classified into central or distributed systems depending on
the location of the equipment and the mode of heat transfer. HVAC systems can also use renewable energy
sources such as solar panels, geothermal heat pumps, or biomass boilers to reduce the environmental
impact and operational costs.

 Central Plant Design: This refers to the design of a centralized system that provides heating, cooling, and/or
electricity to multiple buildings or zones within a campus or district. A central plant can consist of various
components such as generators, turbines, heat exchangers, pumps, pipes, and valves. A central plant can
improve the efficiency, reliability, and flexibility of energy supply and distribution for large-scale projects.

 Exhaust Systems: These systems remove unwanted gases, vapors, dust, or fumes from a building or a
process by using fans, ducts, hoods, and filters. Exhaust systems are essential for maintaining a safe and

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 healthy indoor environment and for preventing fire hazards or environmental pollution. Exhaust systems can
also recover waste heat or energy from the exhaust stream and use it for preheating or other purposes.

 Direct Digital Control (DDC) Systems: These systems use computerized devices and software to monitor
and control various parameters and functions of mechanical systems such as temperature, pressure, flow
rate, humidity, air quality, and energy consumption. DDC systems can improve the performance, comfort,
and efficiency of mechanical systems by allowing remote access, data collection, analysis, and optimization.
DDC systems can also integrate with other building automation systems such as lighting, security, or fire
alarm systems to create a smart building.

3.1.2. Electrical

Electrical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, installation, and maintenance of
electrical systems such as power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization. Electrical systems are
responsible for providing a reliable and safe electricity supply to buildings and equipment for various purposes such
as lighting, communication, computing, entertainment, and security. Electrical engineering is also involved in the
integration of renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind turbines, or fuel cells into the electrical grid to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependence.
Some of the important aspects of electrical engineering are.

 Comprehensive Electrical System Design: This refers to the design of a complete electrical system for a
building or a project that includes all the components such as transformers, switchgear, cables, conduits,
outlets, panels, circuit breakers, fuses.

3.1.3. Plumbing

Plumbing engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, installation, operation, and
maintenance of plumbing systems that provide water supply, drainage, and sanitation for buildings and facilities
Plumbing engineering also involves the coordination with other engineering disciplines such as mechanical.

3.1.3.1. What is Plumbing?

Plumbing is a system of pipes, valves, fittings, fixtures, and appliances that convey water and other fluids for
various purposes such as drinking, cooking, washing, heating, cooling, and waste disposal.

a). Water supply system

A water supply system is a network of pipes, pumps, tanks, and treatment facilities that deliver potable water from
the source to the point of use. A water supply system must ensure adequate water pressure, flow rate, quality, and
reliability for the users.

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b). Drainage

Drainage is the removal of wastewater and stormwater from a building or a site through a system of pipes, traps,
vents, and fixtures that prevent backflow, siphonage, and sewer gas infiltration. Drainage systems must comply with
plumbing codes and standards that regulate the size, slope, material, and installation of pipes and fittings.

c). Plumbing Standard

A plumbing standard is a set of rules or specifications that define the minimum requirements for the design,
installation, testing, and maintenance of plumbing systems. Plumbing standards aim to ensure the safety, health, and
welfare of the public and the environment by preventing water contamination, water waste, pipe corrosion, pipe
leakage, pipe bursting, pipe noise, and pipe freezing.
Some examples of plumbing standards are the

 ASME A112 series (American Society of Mechanical Engineers).

 ASSE series (American Society of Sanitary Engineering).
 ASTM F series (American Society for Testing and Materials).
 CSA B series (Canadian Standards Association).
 ISO 15874 series (International Organization for Standardization).

d). Plumbing Components

Plumbing components are the individual parts or devices that make up a plumbing system.
Some examples of plumbing components are.

 pipes (such as copper, PVC, PEX)

 valves (such as gate valve, ball valve, check valve, pressure reducing valve)
 fittings (such as elbow, tee, coupling, reducer)
 fixtures (such as faucet, shower head, sink, toilet, urinal)
 appliances (such as water heater, dishwasher, washing machine, garbage disposal)
 meters (such as water meter, flow meter, pressure gauge)
 backflow preventers (such as vacuum breaker, air gap, RPZ valve)
 traps (such as P-trap, S-trap, drum trap)
 vents (such as vent stack, vent terminal, air admittance valve)
 pumps (such as booster pump, sump pump, ejector pump)
 filters (such as sediment filter, carbon filter, reverse osmosis filter)
 treatment devices (such as water softener, chlorinator, UV sterilizer)

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 Figure 12 - Pipes, Valves, Fittings

Figure 13 - Fixtures, appliances, Meters

Figure 14 - Backflow, Traps, Vents

Figure 15 - Pumps, Filters, treatment devises

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e). Plumbing Calculations

Plumbing calculations are the mathematical methods or formulas used to determine the design parameters or
performance indicators of a plumbing system.
Some examples of plumbing calculations are.

 pipe sizing (based on flow rate, pressure drop, and velocity limit)
 fixture unit method (based on fixture demand, diversity factor, and probability factor)
 pump sizing (based on head loss, flow rate, power requirement)
 tank sizing (based on storage capacity, demand pattern, refill rate)
 water hammer analysis (based on pressure surge, wave speed, pipe stiffness)
 pipe expansion analysis (based on temperature change, expansion coefficient, expansion loop)
 pipe stress analysis (based on internal pressure, external load, support condition)
 pipe insulation analysis (based on heat transfer rate, thermal conductivity, insulation thickness)

3.2. WHAT IS HVAC

HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. HVAC is a type of automation system that is used
for handling air quality and thermal comfort in the human environment for survival. HVAC is based on
thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. HVAC systems are responsible for providing heating, cooling,
ventilation, and humidity control to buildings and equipment for various purposes such as comfort, health, safety, and
efficiency. HVAC systems can also integrate renewable energy sources such as solar panels, wind turbines, or fuel
cells into the energy supply and distribution.

3.2.1. Heating

This refers to the process of increasing the temperature of a space or a substance by using various devices
such as furnaces, boilers, heat pumps, or radiators. Heating can be achieved by three basic methods: conduction,
convection, and radiation. Heating is required in cold climates or areas where warmth is important for survival or any
process and needs to be maintained.

3.2.2. Ventilation

This refers to the process of exchanging indoor air with outdoor air for maintaining a fresh air supply and
removing contaminants such as dust, smoke, odors, or carbon dioxide. Ventilation can be achieved by natural or
mechanical means such as windows, fans, ducts, or vents. Ventilation is essential for maintaining a healthy and
comfortable indoor environment and for preventing fire hazards or environmental pollution. Ventilation can also
recover waste heat or energy from the exhaust air and use it for preheating or other purposes.

3.2.3. Air Condition

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 This refers to the process of decreasing the temperature and humidity of a space or a substance by using various
devices such as air conditioners, chillers, cooling towers, or evaporators. Air conditioning can be achieved by two
basic methods: sensible cooling and latent cooling. Sensible cooling involves removing heat from the air without
changing its moisture content, while latent cooling involves removing moisture from the air by condensing it into liquid
water. Air conditioning is required in hot and humid climates or areas where cooling and dehumidification are
important for survival or any process and needs to be maintained.

3.2.4. HVAC Standard

This refers to the set of rules and guidelines that regulate the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of
HVAC systems to ensure their safety, performance, and efficiency.
HVAC standards are developed by various organizations such as

 ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers)

 ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
 ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
 NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
HVAC standards cover various aspects such as indoor environmental quality, energy conservation, refrigerant
management, fire protection, noise control or building automation.

3.2.5. HVAC Main Components

This refers to the major parts of an HVAC system that perform the functions of heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning.
HVAC main components include:

 Air Handling Unit (AHU): This is a device that conditions and circulates the air throughout the building by
using fans, filters, coils, and dampers. AHU can provide heating, cooling, humidification, or dehumidification
to the air depending on the needs.

 Chiller: This is a device that cools water by using a refrigeration cycle that absorbs heat from the water and
rejects it to the ambient air or water. Chiller can provide chilled water for cooling coils in AHU or for other
purposes such as industrial processes.

 Cooling Tower: This is a device that cools water by using evaporation that removes heat from the water and
transfers it to the ambient air. A cooling tower can provide cooling water for condenser coils in a chiller or for
other purposes such as heat rejection.

 Furnace: This is a device that heats air by using a fuel source such as natural gas, oil, or electricity that
burns or heats an element and transfers heat to the air. The furnace can provide heated air for heating coils
in AHU or for other purposes such as space heating.

 Heat Pump: This is a device that heats or cools the air by using a refrigeration cycle that reverses its
direction depending on the needs. Heat pumps can provide heating or cooling to the air by absorbing heat
from one source (such as outdoor air) and transferring it to another source (such as indoor air) or vice versa.
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  Thermostat: This is a device that controls the temperature of a space by sensing the temperature and
sending signals to the HVAC system to adjust its output accordingly. The thermostat can provide comfort
and efficiency by maintaining the desired temperature set point in each zone or room.

3.2.6. HVAC Calculation

HVAC calculation is the process of determining the heating and cooling load of a space or a building by using
various formulas and methods based on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics. HVAC calculation is
essential for designing, sizing, selecting, and installing HVAC systems that can meet the desired indoor
environmental quality and energy efficiency. HVAC calculation can also help to optimize the operation and
maintenance of HVAC systems by monitoring and controlling various parameters and functions.
Some of the important aspects of HVAC calculation are:

 Heating Load Calculation: This refers to the process of estimating the amount of heat that needs to be
added to a space or a building to maintain a comfortable temperature during the heating season. Heating
load calculation can be done by using various methods such as the degree-day method, heat balance
method, radiant time series method, or cooling load temperature difference method. Heating load calculation
depends on various factors such as outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, building envelope, internal
heat gains, ventilation rate, and system efficiency.

 Cooling Load Calculation: This refers to the process of estimating the amount of heat that needs to be
removed from a space or a building to maintain a comfortable temperature during the cooling season.
Cooling load calculation can be done by using various methods such as the heat balance method, radiant
time series method, cooling load temperature difference method, or transfer function method. Cooling load
calculation depends on various factors such as outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, solar radiation,
building envelope, internal heat gains, ventilation rate, and system efficiency.

 Ventilation Rate Calculation: This refers to the process of determining the amount of outdoor air that needs
to be supplied to a space or a building to maintain healthy and comfortable indoor air quality. Ventilation rate
calculation can be done by using various methods such as the prescriptive method, performance method, or
air change rate method. Ventilation rate calculation depends on various factors such as occupancy level,
activity level, pollutant sources, air distribution system, and ventilation effectiveness.

 Energy Consumption Calculation: This refers to the process of estimating the amount of energy that is
consumed by an HVAC system to provide heating, cooling, and ventilation to a space or a building. Energy
consumption calculation can be done by using various methods such as the bin method, degree-day
method, or simulation method. Energy consumption calculation depends on various factors such as system
type, system capacity, system efficiency, system operation schedule, and energy prices.

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 CERTIFICATION

NAME : M.K.N.HARSHAJEEWA

REGISTRATION NO : 18/IT/ME/575
COURSE : NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN TECHNOLOGY
FIELD : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
TRAINING PERIOD : 06th of OCTOBER 2021 - 06th of APRIL 2022
ESTABLISHMENT : NATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT CENTER

This is to certify that this report is prepared by myself under the training conducted at above organization.

…………………….. ………………………………….
Date Signature of the trainee

This is to certify that this report is prepared by above trainee under my regular supervision.

………………………… …………………………………
Date Signature of employer with stamp

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