INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

PROSES FLOW

Controllable Factors
𝑋 ,𝑋 ,…,𝑋 ,

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Uncontrollable Factors
𝑍 ,𝑍 ,…,𝑍 ,

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 Types of
Experiments

Process Material
Parameters Compositions

Stages in
Experimentation

How to How To
Design Analyze

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 The Basic Principles of DOE

 Randomization
 Running the trials in an experiment in random
order.
 Replication
 Sample size (improving precision of estimation,
estimation of error or background noise).
 Blocking
 A method to isolate controllable nuisance factors.

 Example – Fertility of different area in the same

field .

Strategies of Experimentation
• Best guess approach (trial and error)
– can continue indefinitely
– cannot guarantee best solution has been found
• One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach
– inefficient (requires many test runs)
– fails to consider any possible interaction between factors
• Factorial approach (invented in the 1920’s)
– Modern, and most efficient approach
– Can determine how factors interact
– Used extensively in industrial R and D, and for process
improvement.
• Material Compositions

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 Types of Experimental Designs

 Single-Factor Experiment (OFAT)  Latin Square

 2-level (2k) Factorial  Lattice

 General full factorial  Balance Incomplete Block

 Fractional Factorial (2k-p), Design

 Response Surface Methodology  Split-Plot

(RSM)  Split-Block

 Customized Designs  Nested Designs

 Experiment with covariate  Mixture Designs

Assumptions

1. Normality
 Populations (for each condition) are Normally Distributed
2. Homogeneity of Variance
 Populations (for each condition) have Equal Variances
3. Independence (Random) Errors
 Independent Random Samples are Drawn for each condition

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 Almost-all We Need using Minitab

Generate a worksheet of an experiment

Determine number of replication
Randomize experimental runs
Analyzing an experimental data
Graphical and Formal Assumptions Checking
Numerical and Graphical Output

Note

REMEMBER:
Goal of DoE

Maximum
Information

with

Minimum Number
of Experiments