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Home > Generators > Parts of DC Generator: Explanation of Parts, Working, Types, Advantages & Disadvantages

Parts of DC Generator: Explanation of Parts,

Working, Types, Advantages & Disadvantages
By Max / Last Updated On: March 12, 2023

Table of Contents
Parts of dc generator
E.M.F Equation of DC generator
What is the Working principle of DC generator? How Does it Work?
 What are the Types of DC generator?
DC generator has advantages
DC generator can generate some disadvantages as well
Download Parts of DC Generator PDF

Like any machine, a DC generator consists of different parts. It is an electrical

instrument that transforms mechanical energy into electricity. The working principle,
different types as well as pros and cons will be discussed besides parts of DC
generators in detail at Linquip.

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A DC generator may be utilized as a DC motor without any changes in construction,

and vice versa. A DC machine can therefore be defined as a DC generator or a DC
motor. These fundamental building characteristics also apply to the design of a DC
motor. As a result, instead of just referring to this point as “building of a DC
generator,” we’ll refer to it as “construction of a DC machine.” Parts of DC generators
are available from a variety of Suppliers and Companies, as well as manufacturers
and distributors, with several  DC Generators for Sale on Linquip.
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There is a comprehensive list of DC generator services on the Linquip website that

meets all of your needs. Linquip can connect you with a number of  DC Generator
Service Providers and experts who can help you. Linquip can provide you with a list
of  DC Generator Professionals and subject matter experts who can help you test
your equipment.
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Parts of dc generator

A DC generator is often used as a DC generator motor without altering its

Discount Norgren
construction. Products
So, a dc generator-motor
Official
may usually be called a DC machine. The key
Distributor
Adparts of DC generators
pneumaticengineering.com are yoke, poles, pole shoes, armature core, armature winding,
commutator, brushes, magnetic field system, commutator, end housings, bearings,
and Shafts.
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These are the parts of DC generators and will be discussed below in more detail.

12 Parts of DC Generators are:

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 Stator
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A direct-current (DC) generator consists of two main parts, a rotating section and a
fixed one. Stator is the stationary part of this system that includes a core, stator
winding, and the outer frame and houses the rotor (the rotating part) in its core.

Among parts of dc generators, the stator is a key component and its main function is
to supply magnetic fields around which the coils spin. This contains stable magnets
with opposite poles facing two of them. These magnets are mounted in the rotor
field.
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Rotor or Armature Core

The second important component of a DC generator is the rotor or armature core

that is consisted of a fan, armature, commutator, and a shaft. Unlike the stator, this
part is moveable and rotates in the magnetic field created by the stator. In a DC
generator, the armature’s rotation is the process that generates a voltage in the rotor
coils. The armature core includes iron slot laminations with slots that have been
stacked to form a cylindrical armature core. Generally, the losses are decreased due
to the eddy current in these laminations.

During the whole process, the fan is responsible to supply the needed air for the
armature core or rotor as it spins.

End Housings

End housings are the components attached to the ending parts of the mainframe
with a function to protect the bearings. The bearings are the essential parts of the
system that lessen the friction between the moving and the fixed parts of the
generator that can gradually deteriorate them over time.

While the front housings protect the bearing plus the brush collection, the end
housings’ function is limited to support the bearings only.

Bearings

Bearings are used in a system to achieve a smooth movement between the different
components. The main function of bearings is to minimize the friction between the
rotating and stationary parts of the machine. Thanks to these parts, there is no need
for the continual lubrication of the system components and they would also last
longer due to the reduction in friction.

Bearings are mainly made from high carbon steel as it is a very hard material and are
designed in a way to be constantly greased and protected from the dust intrusion.
Bearings come in two common forms: roller bearings and ball bearings. Ball
bearings include spherical balls that transfer the load from the inside to the outside
and creates motion in circles. Ball bearings can be easily found in the items around
the house; they are more common because they are simple.

Roller bearings, unlike ball bearings, are consisted of different forms of cylinders.
While ball bearings’ contact area with the load is limited to a point, in roller bearings
this contact is extended to a line so they can be used to handle heavy loads and,
thus, are mainly used in industrial equipment.

Yoke

If we divide the DC generator parts in two, Yoke is the outer cover that not only
provides mechanical protection to the whole inner assembly and fixes them to the
foundation of the machine, but also creates a path for the magnetic flow that the
field winding produces.

Based on the size of the machines, yokes are of two kinds and materials; in large
apparatuses, yokes are made up of cast or rolled steel while in smaller ones they are
composed of cast iron.

Poles

Poles are used primarily to keep windings in the sector. Such windings are usually
wound on the poles and are otherwise connected to the armature windings in order.
Therefore, by using the screws, the poles join the welding technique to the yoke.

The pole core is mainly made of a number of thin annealed steel or wrought iron
joined together by the use of hydraulic pressure. To reduce the Eddy Current loss, the
poles of a DC machine are laminated.

These poles are one of the parts of the DC machine whose job is to support the field
coils, and ensure a more integrated magnetic flow over the armature.

Pole Shoe

The pole shoe is an iron or steel plate that used primarily to disperse the magnetic
flow and avoid the spinning field coil from falling.

Commutator

The operation of the commutator is like a rectifier to convert AC voltage to DC

voltage in the reinforcement of the armature winding. This conductive metal ring has
a copper segment and each copper segment with the aid of mica sheets is shielded
from each other.

This cylindrical electrical switch sits on the machine’s shaft and contributes in
connecting the conductors of the rotating armchair to the external circuit that is
fixed. In the process, the original induced current is converted to a unidirectional one
in the output terminals.

Brushes

Brushes are one of the essential parts of the DM generator. With the aid of these
carbon blocks, the electrical connection between the commutator and the external
load circuit can be assured.

Due to the arc discharge and the ongoing contact with the commutator, however,
these components deteriorate over time. But the good news is they can always be
replaced with new brushes. All you need to do is check them from time to time and
make sure they are in a good condition and change them if needed.

Shaft

The shaft is a mechanical piece in a DC machine that produces the rotational of

a force known as torque and brings about rotation. It is made from mild steel and
has a maximum breaking strength. Of parts of DC generator, the shaft helps the
generator to transfer mechanical energy through the shaft. The spinning parts are
keyed into the shaft like the armature center, a commutator, a cooling fan, etc.

Magnetic Field
This is a permanent magnet that generates a magnetic field that is used to rotate the
coil.

Armature Windings

For holding the armature windings, the armature core slots are primarily used. They
are connected in a closed-circuit winding form in series to increase the amount of
produced current; and they are parallel. This special arrangement of conductors is
called the armature winding that is known to be the heart of a DC generator.
Depending on the kind of connections, armature windings are either lap winding or
wave winding.

All the armature windings, whether lap or wave, are the centers of power conversion
inside the machine. In the case of armature windings of a DC generator, this energy
conversion occurs from mechanical power to electrical power.

E.M.F Equation of DC generator

After explaining the parts of DC generator, it’s time to learn about EMF equation. So,
what is it? the EMF equation of DC generator is according to Faraday’s Laws of
Electromagnetic Induction, that is Eg= PØZN/60 A

In DC generator formula:

Z means the total number of armature conductor

P means the number of poles in a generator
A means the number of parallel lanes within the armature
N means the rotation of armature in rpm
E means the induced emf in any parallel lane within the armature
Eg means the generated emf in any one of the parallel lane
N/60 means the number of turns per second
Plus, time for one turn is dt=60/N sec
But, wait! It was not just parts of DC generator and its equation. You can find more
information about DC generators! DC generators in fact, are used almost
everywhere. They are used in factories that manufacture aluminum, chlorine, and
related raw materials in a large quantity of current. Dc generators are also used in
diesel-electric-engine locomotives and vehicles. They can be found in remote control
autos, electric car windows, and TVs with flat screen.

What is the Working principle of DC generator? How Does it

Work?

The working principle of DC generators is based on Faraday’s laws of

electromagnetic induction. Within the parts of dc generator, when a conductor is in a
dynamic magnetic field, an electromotive force is generated within the conductor.
The magnitude caused by EMF can be measured using the electromotive power
equation of a generator.
When the conductor has a closed path, the induced current flows in the path. The
field coils produce an electromagnetic field and the armature conductors are
converted to the field in the generator. Therefore, inside the armature conductors, an
electromagnetically induced electromotive force (EMF) is produced. Fleming’s right-
hand rule specifies the direction of induced current.

What are the Types of DC generator?

DC generators can be classified into two main categories (separately excited and
self-excited). There is also a third type of DC generators which is called, “Permanent-
magnet DC generator”. Each type has its unique features, frameworks, and
advantages.

The function of parts of DC generators in separately-excited type is in a way that

field coils are driven from an independent external DC source in a separately excited
form generator. On the other hand, in self-excited DC generators, the field coils are
energized from the produced current in the generator in a self- excited form. Such
generators can also be identified as the series wound, shunt-wound, and compound
wound.

DC generator has advantages

In many fields, we need a DC generator especially for the following reasons:

It’s built and designed plainly.

It is suitable for operating large motors and large electrical devices that require direct control.
It reduces the fluctuations described by smoothing the output voltage through a regular arrangement of coils
around the armature for some stable state applications.

DC generator can generate some disadvantages as well

Like other machines, DC generators have some disadvantages, such as:

DC generators can’t be applied to a transformer.

DC generators have low efficiency because there are copper losses, eddy current losses, hysteresis losses, and
mechanical losses.
A voltage drop over long distances would occur.

This was all about DC generators . From what you read above, we can say that the
main advantages of DC generators include simple design, simple parallel operation,
and fewer problems of system stability. You also read about different types of DC
generators and their working principle. However, you might need to know more about
their design and some other information. So, you can leave your questions in the
comment by signing up at Linquip (in the parts of dc generator article) and get your
answers.

Download Parts of DC Generator PDF

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