[1st semester WORKSHEET 02] Unit8.

COLLABORATION 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________

*학습지는 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

THE VALUE OF TALENT (p.156-161)

1. Pre-reading Questions
What makes a good team? Do you agree with “there is no I in TEAM”?

2. Comprehension Check A. Fill in the blanks below.

Q1. Explain what an A team is in the context. (¶1)

: An A-team consists of gifted, extraordinary/excellent/exceptional persons.
Q2. The following table is about the experiment conducted by William Muir. Fill in the blanks. (¶2)
Topic: Is it possible to build an A-team with chickens?

Test Group Controlled Group

The most productive egg producers were Average egg producers were made to
Set-up
made to breed for six generations. breed for six generations.
The egg production was lower than that The egg production was higher than
Effect
of the controlled group. that of the test group.
It is found that those incredible producers from the test group spend so much
Conclusion energy reestablishing a pecking order and at the same time keeping themselves at
the top that they had little energy left for laying eggs.

Q3. What do Figure 1 and 2 describe? (¶4)

: Adding a talented player to a soccer team is a good strategy to some extent but the performance begins
to fall/decline/decrease at some point whereas additional individual talent keeps enhancing/boosting/improving
a baseball team’s performance.

Q4. What is task interdependence? And what is implied from the researchers’ conclusion? (¶5)
: Task interdependence refers to the degree to which individual performance is dependent on the
coordination of members/teammates within a group. It is implied that task interdependence in baseball is
lower in that performance of individuals do not have as much to do with teammates as in soccer or basketball.
Q5. What is s the relationship between task interdependence and team performance? (¶5)
: When task interdependence is lower, individual talent is beneficial to team performance.
On the other hand, when task interdependence is high, team performance, provided too much talent in
the group, will go through a hard time.
Q6. In basketball where task interdependence is high, what would happen if a talent whose priority is to
amass a high personal point total put ‘I’ before ‘team’?
: If the basketball players chooses a less generous course of action during the play, pursuing his own
personal goals/taking a shot himself rather than passing the ball to a teammate, it will detract from/
ruin the team’s overall performance. This explains why adding talents in basketball does not always lead
to the best team performance, just as A-team chickens concentrate energy more on pecking orders than
on egg production.

Q7. What is the second explanation for the phenomenon that talents do not guarantee the overall team’s performance?
Ringlemann effect explains that individual performers’ motivation to put effort decreases as more people
engage in an activity. The effect originates from an experiment in a game of tug-of-war, where the more
people are added to the team, the less force is exerted by an individual.

Q8. What would the author advise to the owners of sports teams and companies spending millions to attract
top talent? (¶3, 8)
“In order to draw the best team performance, you need to seek balance within a team by including a
few generous players as well as top talents.”

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[1st semester WORKSHEET 03] Unit3.PRIVACY 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________
*학습지는 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

2. Comprehension Check B. 교재 160페이지  Complete the summary.

Some sports teams are a lot like chickens. Too many high-level individual performers ⑴detract
from the ⑵performance of the group. This is most likely to happen in sports such as soccer and
⑶basketball, in which team members need to ⑷coordinate their actions. Stars athletes, like star
chickens, may be more likely to ⑸pursue their own goals than work for the group’s best interests.

3. Sentence Practice <접속사>

Step1. 문맥을 고려하여 빈 칸 안에 들어갈 알맞은 접속사를 쓰시오.
(¶1) Most people believe that the best way to build a great team is to assemble a group of the most talented individuals.

(¶2) William Muir wondered if he could build such an A-team with chickens.

To his surprise, he found that the egg production of the test group was lower than that of the control group.

(¶3) Companies spending millions to hire top business people want to know if their money is well spent.

(¶4) The studies revealed that adding talented players to a team is indeed a good strategy, but only up to a point.

(¶6) If a basketball star is pursuing point total, he may be less generous as a team player.

Step2. 다음 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.

Regulations covering scientific experiments on human subjects are strict. Subjects must give their
informed, written consent, and experimenters must submit their proposed experiments to thorough
examination by overseeing bodies. Scientists who experiment on themselves can, functionally if not legally,
avoid the restrictions ① associated with experimenting on other people. They can also sidestep most of
the ethical issues involved: nobody, presumably, is more aware of an experiment’s potential hazards than
the scientist who devised ② it. Nonetheless, experimenting on oneself remains ③ deeply problematic. One
obvious drawback is the danger involved; knowing that it exists ④ does nothing to reduce it. A less
obvious drawback is the limited range of data that the experiment can generate. Human anatomy and
physiology vary, in small but significant ways, according to gender, age, lifestyle, and other factors.
Experimental results derived from a single subject are, therefore, of limited value; there is no way to
know ⑤ what(->whether) the subject’s responses are typical or atypical of the response of humans as a group.
* consent: 동의 ** anatomy: (해부학적) 구조 *** physiology: 생리적 현상

Step3. 밑줄 친 부분이 다음 중 의미하는 바를 고르고, 해석하시오.

if ①~한다면 =suppose/supposing =provided/providing (~한다면)②~인지 아닌지 (=whether) ③~하더라도(=although)

(1) Really great people see potential everywhere if you have the right attitude.
정말 위대한 사람들은 어디서나 가능성을 본다/ 당신이 올바른 태도를 가지고 있다면
(2) I cannot be sure if he like me or not.
나는 확신할 수 없다/ 그가 나를 좋아하는지 아닌지
(3) If a man is proud of his wealth, he should not be praised until it is known how he employs it.
한 사람이 그의 부에 대해 자랑스러워하더라도, 그 사람은 칭찬받아선 안된다/ 그가 어떻게 그 재력을 사용하는지 알려지기 전까지

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[1st semester WORKSHEET 03] Unit3.PRIVACY 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________
*학습지는 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

as ①~때문에 ②~할 때 ③~처럼, ~이듯이 ④~함에 따라서 ⑤비록 ~이지만 ⑥~만큼(비교급) ⑦(전치사) ~로서

(1) As we mature, we learn that we must balance courage with caution.

우리가 성숙해짐에따라, 우리는 용기와 조심스런 태도를 균형맞춰야한다는 사실을 깨닫는다
(2) As they have virtually no natural predators, golden poison frogs make no attempt to hide from larger animals.
*golden poison frog 황금독화살 개구리
황금독화살개구리가 사실상 거의 자연에서 천적이 없기 때문에, 그들은 큰 동물로부터 숨으려는 노력을 하지 않는다.
(3) As a result, they defensively shrug off the whole business as an exclusive realm of little relevance to their lives.
그 결과, 그들은 변론하듯이 그 모든 일을 무시해버린다/ 그들의 삶과는 거의 관련없는 배타적 영역으로 간주하여
(4) One result was that his sea lions were not irritable, as any hungry animal might be.
한 가지 결과는 그의 바다사자들이 신경질적이지 않았다는 것이었다/ 굶주린 어떤 동물이라면 그러하듯이
(5) Wonderful as this might sound, such a policy would be a complete disaster.
이 말이 멋지게 들리기는 하지만, 그런 정책은 완전한 파멸에 이를 것이다
(6) John was as famous for his tennis skills as he was for his fits of temper on the court.
John은 그의 테니스 기술로도 잘 알려져있다/ 코트에서 분노를 폭발시키는 것만큼이나

3. Sentence Practice 접속사

문 뜻
단어 예문
단 유의어/반의어
1. 재능 natural aptitude 1. She has a job that makes the most of her talents.
talent
2. 인재 2.There are many players on the team, but she's a special talent.

accomplish 성취하다 = achieve He finally felt like he had accomplished something important.

모으[이]다/집합시키다/조립하다 (connect the parts of something like toy or machine)

assemble (gather/come[put] together) We were requested to assemble in the lobby.
cf.The National Assembly 국회 The furniture is easy to assemble.

talented 재능있는(gifted) He’s a talented athlete who competes internationally.

１
Have you any comment to make about the cause of the
논평/언급(하다)
comment disaster?
(remark/mention/observe)
I don’t feel I can comment on their decision.

인용하다(cite) cf. quotation

quote ex) He quoted a passage from the minister’s speech.
mark 따옴표/인용부호

ex)My average in bowling is 200 point.

average (명,형,동)평균(의)/평균-이다 Jack’s final term score averages 89.
What is the average annual snowfall for this state?

다산의(prolific)/생산적인(fruitful)/
대량 생산하는 ex) My time spent in SS was so productive and rewarding.
productive
<->counterproductive/unproducti This place is highly productive farming land.
ve

２ ex) My dog bred 5 puppies yesterday.

(동)(새끼를)낳다(bear)/
breed The sheep is bred for their long coats.
기르다(raise,bring up
-bred Hatred and grudge breed conflict and war.
/야기하다(cause)
-bred Labrador breeds of dog helped K-rescuers save many
(명)(동물)품종 cf. inbred 타고난
people at Türkiye earthquake place.

ex) In terms of price, there’s no comparison with this

comparison 비교(함)/비유
product.

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[1st semester WORKSHEET 03] Unit3.PRIVACY 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________
*학습지는 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

selection 선발, 선발된 사람[것]들 ex) The showroom has a wide selection of kitchen utensils.

놀랍게도[astonishment/amazem To my surprise, he won the championship of PGA.

to one’s
ent] cf. to one’s To our joy, my son entered SNU.
surprise
추상명사:추상명사 하게도 To our regret, we were eliminated in the elimination round.

거대한,엄청난 ex) His mistake caused an enormous amount of damage to

enormous
(tremendous/immense/vast/huge) the company.

-Pecking order means the organization of people at

먹이를 쪼아먹는 순서, 위계질서 different ranks in an administrative body
pecking order
서열(hierarchy, class) -Looking at the chickens’ pecking order is interesting.
-In animal kingdom, violating pecking order may cause death.

그 결과로, 따라서(consequently,
as a result He hit the books. As a result, he hit the jackpot in K-SAT.
therefore, thus, accordingly)

pique the
３ ~의 흥미를 자극하다(intrigue) His lecture piqued the interest of the students.
interest of

role 역할(part, function) Prompters play an important role in drama performance.

-에 초점을 맞추다/집중하다 You would rather focus on a couple of difficult questions

focus on
(concentrate on) than solve all the problems.

밝히다/폭로하다/계시하다 (give -The employee revealed his boss bribery scandal.

reveal
away/disclose/divulge) -The Revelation(요한계시록) is the last book of The Bible.

Basketball game is demanding because it requires a lot of

strategy 전략, 전술(tactics)
strategies.

어느 정도까지(to some[a]
(up) to a point
degree, in a measure, They open the palace to the public up to a point.
somewhat)
４
절정/정점(을 찍다)/최고조에
peak The stock price peaked this week.
달하다(top,summit,apex)

하락[쇠퇴]하다 -The region began to decline after a big company went

(fall,decrease,plummet) bankrupt and many people leaved->left.
decline
/거절[부인]하다 - He politely declined the managerial offer of several
(deny, refuse, reject) professional clubs

분명한/명백한
evident (clear/obvious/explicit) It is evident that he told a lie to his boss.
↔unclear/implicit

enhance 향상시키다(improve) I am glad that you enhanced your academic record.

1.Certain patients must be isolated in a separate ward.

v1.고립시키다, 격리하다
=Certain patients must be isolated from the others
isolate v2.분리하다 = separate
in a separate ward.
cf. identify 특정하다
2.Scientists have isolated the gene that causes the disease.

５ 조직[정]하다(organize) -They appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of

/전체적으로 어울리게 하다 the team.
(harmonize) -Try to coordinate this shade(색조) with other colors.
coordinate
/등위의, 동등한(equal) -And, But, For, Or, So are coordinate conjunctions
opp. subordinate 종속의 and As, When, While, Because are subordinate.
/좌표 -We calculated its exact coordinates.

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[1st semester WORKSHEET 03] Unit3.PRIVACY 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________
*학습지는 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

Interdependence deepened due to globalization, while insecurity,

interdependence 상호의존/서로 의지함
inequality, injustice, and intolerance also increased.

A를 B와 구별하다
To become a good pottery connoisseur(감식가), you should
differentiate A distinguish/discriminate/tell/know
take train to differentiate genuine from fake/between
from B A from B
genuine and fake at least for 5 years.
or between A and B

v. 쫓다=chase/ go after -Hounds pursued the fox for miles.

pursue
-> 추구하다 = seek -She wants to pursue a legal career.

모으다 =accumulate/collect
amass He amassed a fortune from silver mining.
/ pile up/ assemble

관대한, 인심이 후한, 너그러운 He was generous with both his time and his money.
generous
=benevolent, altruistic<->selfish He has generous sympathy for unemployed workers.

슛을 하다 -Taking a shot at 45 degree angle is best in basketball.

take a shot /사진을 찍다 They took a shot of the harbor in the sky.
６
/겨누다/저격하다 -An Jung Geun took a shot at Ito Hirobumi at Harbin Station.
1. 이탈하다/[사람·주의 등을]
[…에서] 딴 데로 돌리다[from] The KAIST faculty has expressed concern over his ideas, fearing
detract (divert/distract/turn away) it will detract from the institute's mission of nurturing pure
<-> attract science and technology.
2. (from) 손상시키다
전반적인(total/whole/general)/
-He is the person with overall responsibility for the project.
전반적으로(generally/mostly
overall -Overall, this is a very useful book for a beginner.
/on the whole),
-The car mechanic wore a pair of blue overalls.
pl.(명) 상의-바지가 하나로 된 작업복

A를 B 라고 언급하다
-The player is referred to as a baseball genius.
refer to A as B cf. refer to –를 참조[언급]하다
-Refer to the professor’s paper when you study the theme.
(mention, indicate)

줄다리기 cf. tug 끌다/예인하다

tug-of-war We beat class 1-5 in the tug-of-war.
tugboat 예인선
７
-There are lots of ways of measuring things. But metric
v.측정(하다)/척도 system is used the most in weighing them and measuring
measure =weigh/gauge/calculate//quantify their length.
n. (복수형) 조치,방책. -Annual salary isn't the absolute measure for abilities.
-We should take strong measures against school violence.

복잡한 intricate, complex ex) The complicated diplomatic relationship between two
８ complicated
↔simple, concise countries has been noted by media outlets.

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[1st semester WORKSHEET 03] Unit3.PRIVACY 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________
*학습지는 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서를 쓰시오. (B)-(A)-(C) <해석> 그림엽서 형식은 그것이 있던 시절에 혁명
적인 통신 기술로 느껴졌다. 1867년에 (처음에는
The format of the picture postcard was in its own time experienced as
아무 이미지도 없이) 엽서가 도입되기 전에는 누군
a revolutionary communications technology. Before the introduction of 가와 연락을 주고받는 가장 압도적으로 일반적이
the postcard (initially without any image) in 1867, the overwhelmingly 었던 방법은 편지였다. (B) 당연히 편지는 교육의
most common way of corresponding with someone was by letter. 중심 대상이었다. 사람들은 학교에서 올바른 글쓰
기, 편지 체제 갖추기 및 글의 관행에 대해 배웠
다. 사람들이 자신이 알고 있는 것에 대해 확신이
(A) The postcard, in contrast, was the perfect carrier of a short message
안 가는 경우에는 대중 매체에 그것을 적절하게
without the apparatus of associated formal, taught conventions. And, 하는 방법에 관한 많은 에티켓 설명서와 조언이
even better, with a picture postcard writers could make their 있었다. (A) 대조적으로, 엽서는 관련된 형식적이

communication more appealing. It had the feel of sending a gift, yet 고 교육된 관행의 장치 없이 짧은 메시지를 전달
하는 완벽한 수단이었다. 그리고 훨씬 더 좋은 것
at less cost than the effortful letter.
은 그림엽서로 글을 쓰는 사람들은 자신들의 전언
(B) Letters were, understandably, a focus of education. People were 을 더 매력적으로 만들 수 있었다는 것이다. 그것
taught at school about writing correctly, formatting letters and 은 선물을 보내는 듯한 느낌이 들었지만, 노력을

textual conventions. If they were insecure about their knowledge, 요하는 편지보다 비용이 더 적게 들었다. (C) 엽서
에 사용할 수 있는 이미지들은 엄청나게 다양했는
there were plenty of etiquette manuals and advice in the media
데, 지방의 성과 같은 풍경뿐만 아니라, 여배우와
about how to do it properly. 다른 유명 인사들, 귀여운 고양이와 강아지, 순수
(C) There was a tremendous choice of images available on postcards, not 예술의 복제품이나 대중문화 아이템의 사진 등 사

just scenes like local castles but photographs of actresses and other 진작가들과 출판업자들이 생각할 수 있는 사실상
거의 어느 주제든 사용 가능했다. 혹은 자신의 카
celebrities, cute cats and dogs, reproductions of high art(순수예술) or
드를 주문하거나 제작할 수도 있었다.
popular culture items — really almost any topic photographers and •correspond with ~과 연락 주고받다
publishers could think of. Or you could commission or produce your •convention 관행, 관례
own card. •effortful 노력요하는, 애쓴 흔적이 보이는
✽apparatus: 장치, 기구 •reproduction 복제품
•high art 순수 예술
•commission 주문하다, 의뢰하다
38. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고
르시오. <해석> 문화는 사회적 참여와 상호 의존의 정도를
확대한다. 한 문화에서 사람들이 하는 일의 많은
In turn, your choices combine with those of many other toothpaste 부분은 다른 사람들과, 그리고 실제로 그 문화와
purchasers to determine which brands remain on the market and 전반적으로 연결되어 있다. 심지어 양치질과 같은
겉보기에 사적인 활동도 문화 참여의 한 형태이다.
which ones fail and disappear.
여러분이 선택하는 치약 상표는 시장이 여러분에
게 제공하기 위해 생산한 것을 반영하고, 만약 여
Culture extends the degree of social participation and interdependence. 러 상표가 존재한다면 여러분의 선택은 아마도 광
Much of what people do in a culture is linked to other people and 고 문구와 같은 문화적 메시지에 의해 형성될 것

indeed to the culture generally. ( ① ) Even a seemingly private activity 이다. 결과적으로, 여러분의 선택은 다른 많은 치
약 구매자들의 선택과 결합하여 어떤 상표가 시장
such as brushing your teeth is a form of cultural participation. ( ② )
에 남는지, 그리고 어떤 것이 실패하고 사라지는지
The brand of toothpaste you choose reflects what the market has 를 결정한다. 한 회사가 파산하면, 많은 개인이 일
produced to offer you, and if there are several brands your choice is 자리를 잃고, 그들의 가족은 어려움에 직면할 수도

probably shaped by cultural messages such as advertising slogans. ( ③ ) 있다. 더욱이 양치질은 이를 닦지 않는 자들을 제
거하고 우리 모두에게 양치질하려는 선천적인 충
When a firm goes bankrupt, many individuals lose their jobs, and their
동을 남긴 어떤 진화 과정을 통해 우리의 유전자
families may face troubles. ( ④ ) Moreover, brushing teeth is not 에 주입되어 있는 것이 아니다. 반대로, 여러분은
instilled in our genes via some evolutionary process that weeded out 아마도 부모님으로부터 그렇게 하도록 배웠기 때

non-tooth brushers and left us all with an innate urge to brush. ( ⑤ ) 문에 양치질을 할 것이고, 여러분의 입에서 신선한
냄새가 나고 여러분의 치아가 하얘 보이면 다른
On the contrary, you probably brush because you were taught to do so
사람들이 여러분을 더 좋아하게 될 것이라고 믿기
by your parents, and probably you sustain the practice because you 때문에 아마도 여러분은 이 관습을 지속할 것이다.
believe other people will like you better if your breath smells fresh and •in turn 결과적으로, 결국
your teeth look white. •go bankrupt 파산하다
•innate 선천적인
✽instill: 주입하다 ✽✽weed out: ~을 제거하다
•urge 충동

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[1st semester WORKSHEET 03] Unit3.PRIVACY 이름: ___________________ 학번 : ______________
*학습지는 서술/서답형 평가 출제에 활용됩니다.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서를 쓰시오. (C)-(B)-(A) 출판된 결과의 재현 가능성은 과학 연구의 근간이다.
객관성은 과학에 매우 중요하며, 출판이 허용되기
The reproducibility of published results is the backbone of scientific
전에 저자와 관계없이 관찰, 실험, 이론이 점검될 것
research. Objectivity is crucial for science and requires that 을 요구한다. (C) 실제로, 과학적인 것으로 인정받기
observations, experiments and theories (should) be checked 위해 결과는 동료들, 다시 말해 그것을 이해하고 검
independently of their authors before being accepted for publication. 증하며 필요한 경우 수정할 수 있는 연구자들에 의
해 검토되고 수용된 논문에서 제시되고 설명되어야
(A) Unfortunately, this is not the case today, as most peer-reviewed 한다. 동료 검토가 성공적으로 끝난 후에야 새로운
journals belong to a few major publishers, who keep scientific 결과는 출판될 수 있고 과학적 지식에 속하게 된다.
articles behind pay-walls. Since all over the world the majority of (B) 결과적으로, 모든 과학 출판물의 집합은 연구자
들이 수 세기에 걸쳐 공동으로 구축해 왔고, 끊임없
research programs are supported by public funds financed by
이 발전시키고 있는 공동 유산이다. 과학의 구조적
taxpayers, not only researchers, but everyone from everywhere 이고 보편적인 본성을 감안할 때, 어떤 연구자든 가
should have access to scientific publications. 능한 한 일찍 그리고 쉽게 모든 과학 출판물에 접근
할 수 있어야 한다. (A) 불행히도, 오늘날에는 그렇
지 못한데, 그 이유는 대부분의 동료 검토 학술지가
(B) Consequently, the set of all scientific publications is the common
과학 논문을 유료화의 벽 뒤에서 보유하고 있는 몇
heritage that researchers have collectively built over centuries, and 몇 주요 출판사의 소유물이기 때문이다. 전 세계적
are constantly developing. Given the constructive and universal 으로 대다수의 연구 프로그램은 납세자들의 재정 지
nature of science, any researcher should have access, as early and 원을 받는 공적 자금에 의해 지원되기 때문에, 연구
자들뿐만 아니라 어느 곳에 있는 어느 사람이나 과
easily as possible, to all scientific publications.
학 출판물에 접근할 수 있어야 한다.
•reproducibility 재현 가능성
(C) Indeed, a result (to be recognized as scientific) must be presented •backbone 근간, 중추
and explained in an article which has been reviewed and accepted •independently of ~과 관계없이, ~과는 별도로
•finance 재정 지원을 하다, 자금을 대다
by peers, i.e., researchers able to understand, verify and, if
•collectively 공동으로, 집단적으로
necessary, correct it. It is only after successful peer review that a
new result can be published and belongs to scientific knowledge. 오늘날 실제로 산업화된 국가에서 지적 재산에 의해
창출되는 무형 자산을 보호하는 근거는 본질적으로 공
*reproductibility 재현가능성
리주의적인데, 이는 이것이 모든 사람에게 이익을 가
**pay-wall: 유료화 벽(유료 구독자에게 이용을 한정하는 방식) 져올 것이라는 가정에서 공리성이 혁신의 촉진에 초점
이 맞춰져 있다는 것이다. 예를 들어, 한 조각의 빵과
39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은? 같은 물리적인 사물과 달리, 어떤 것을 만드는 방법에
대한 지식은 다른 사람들이 그것을 사용하는 것을 제
However, it might reduce the advantage you may have had if you 한하지 않고 한 사람에 의해 사용되거나 소비될 수 있
were the only one to know something or were allowed to exclude 다. 그렇다면 다른 사람들과 지식을 공유하는 것은, 한
others from using what you know. 조각의 빵을 공유하는 것과 달리, 여러분이 가진 양을
줄이지 않는다. 하지만 그것은, 만약 여러분이 어떤 것
Today, in practice in industrialized countries, the rationale for protecting
을 아는 유일한 사람이거나 여러분이 알고 있는 것을
the intangibles created by intellectual property is essentially utilitarian —
다른 사람들이 사용하지 못하게 차단하는 것이 허용되
with the utility focused on promotion of innovation on the assumption 는 경우라면, 여러분이 가지고 있었을지도 모르는 이
that this will bring benefits for all. ( ① ) For example, knowledge about 점을 감소시킬 수도 있다. 문제는, 가능한 한 가장 광
범위하게 새로운 지식이 보급되면 최대의 경제적 효율
how to make something, unlike a physical object such as a piece of
성에 기여하지만, 모든 사람이 새로운 지식을 자유롭
bread, can be used or consumed by one person without limiting its use
게 사용할 수 있다면 발명가들은 그것을 생산하는 데
by others. ( ② ) Sharing knowledge with others, then, does not reduce 투자할 동기가 거의 없다는 것이다. 다양한 형태의 지
the amount you have, unlike sharing a piece of bread. ( ③ ) The 적 재산은 지식을 공유된 공공재에서 사적인 재화로
전환함으로써 (보통 일시적으로) 그러한 공유를 중단시
problem is that while the widest possible dissemination of new knowledge
킨다. 다시 말해서, 지적 재산은 희소성이 전혀 필요하
makes for(기여하다) the greatest economic efficiency, if everybody is
지 않은 곳에 희소성을 만들어 낸다.
free to use new knowledge, inventors have little incentive to invest in •exclude 차단하다, 배제하다
producing it. ( ④ ) The various forms of intellectual property stop that •in practice 실제로 industrialized 산업화된
•rationale 근거, 이유
sharing (usually temporarily) by transforming knowledge from a shared
•make for ~에 기여하다
public good into a private good. ( ⑤ ) In other words, intellectual
•intellectual property 지적 재산
property creates scarcity where there need be none. •utilitarian 공리주의적인 •utility 공리(성), 공익
✽intangible: 무형 자산 ✽✽dissemination: 보급, 유포

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