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Sabp L 005
Sabp L 005
1 Scope................................................................... 2
2 Conflicts and Deviations...................................... 2
3 References........................................................... 2
4 Piping Vibration Introduction................................ 3
5 Piping Vibration Identification & Measurements.. 4
6 Piping Vibration Assessment............................... 6
Acknowledgment..................................................... 13
1 Scope
1.1 The scope of this best practice is to establish an effective vibration measurement
and assessment procedure for piping systems. This document provides guidance
for identifying the measurement locations, recording important piping system
information, providing setup details for the vibration instrument and
implementing effective assessment of the vibration severity.
1.2 In addition, this best practice will provide basic awareness of the most common
vibration excitation sources and response mechanisms. This best practice is
intended to be used by field engineers and vibration technicians.
In the event of a conflict between this Best Practice and other Mandatory Saudi
Aramco Engineering Requirement, the Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement shall govern.
2.2 Disclaimer
This Best Practice is being provided for the general guidance and benefit of
Saudi Aramco engineers and operating facilities. The information or material
contained here will not release the users from the responsibility of safeguarding
and controlling their operations within Saudi Aramco established guidelines
such as GI’s and engineering standards.
3 References
This Best Practice is based on the latest edition of the references below, unless
otherwise noted.
1) Energy Institute. Guidelines for the Avoidance of Vibration Induced Fatigue
Failure in Process Pipework 2nd Edition, 2008
2) SAER-5659: Guidelines for Setting Acceptable, Alarm and Shutdown Vibration
Limits
3) SAES-L-310 “Design of Plant Piping”
4) MEX-621 “Piping Systems Vibration Course”
5) Wachel, J. & Smith, D. “Vibration Troubleshooting of Existing Piping Systems”.
Engineering Dynamics Incorporated, 1991
6) Wachel, J. & Morton, S. & Atkins, K. “Piping Vibration Analysis”. Engineering
Dynamics Incorporated, 1990
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
Piping system can be excited by many sources, most common sources are:
Mechanical Excitation: for example; due to machinery unbalance.
Pulsation Forces: for example; caused by reciprocating compressors and
pumps, centrifugal compressors and pumps, rotating stall, vortex shedding,
and vane pass frequency.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
Gas Flow Excitation: for example; due to flow through control valves or
orifices.
Liquid or 2-phase Flow Excitation: for example; due to cavitation,
flashing or hammering.
Vibration in piping systems causes dynamic stresses, and when stress level is
critical, fatigue crack initiation and/or propagation can occur. Fatigue cracking
can lead to through thickness fracture and maybe rupture. In addition, piping
vibration can result in fretting, which occurs when two surfaces in contact are
being worn due to a cyclic relative motion.
When a piping vibration problem has been observed, the assigned engineer should
conduct a site walk-through, and then the vibration group should take vibration
measurements to evaluate the vibration severity.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
A basic piping system vibration survey will require a (Fast Fourier Transform)
FFT vibration analyzer with suitable accelerometer / velometer.
Required Setting
Measurement Velocity Velocity Displacement
Parameter (Low Frequency) (High Frequency) (Integrated)
Frequency Range 0-500 Hz 0-2000 Hz 0-300 Hz
Low Cutoff Frequency 1 Hz 5 Hz 1 Hz
Number of Lines 800 1600 800
Window Type Hanning Hanning Hanning
Number of Averages 10 10 10
Scale Type Linear Linear Linear
Measurement Unit Inch/sec RMS Inch/sec RMS Mils Pk-Pk
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
If any of the above vibration levels is above the acceptance criteria, or the frequency is
higher than 300 Hz, CSD should be consulted. In such instances, the following
information should be prepared:
a. Piping safety instruction sheet “SIS”
b. Piping Isometric drawing or a sketch showing all measurements
c. All supports types and locations
d. The completed walk-through check list (Appendix-II)
e. Summary table of the vibration points along with main frequencies and amplitude
levels in velocity and displacement
f. Plots showing discrete-frequency amplitudes on the severity charts. (Appendix-I)
g. Frequency spectrum plots for the high vibration locations
h. If available, provide the piping stress analysis electronic records.
Revision Summary
5 September 2009 New Saudi Aramco Best Practice.
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
Page 7 of 13
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
When was the piping vibration first observed? When was the piping system constructed?
Was there any operational change lately? Specify
Observation Description Yes No Comments
following:
1. Rotating equipment type ( centrifugal pump, reciprocating pump,
centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor, steam turbine … etc)
2. The running condition ( pressure, temperature &flow)
3. The vibration levels on the rotating equipment
Is the vibration near a control valve? If yes, then monitor the valve’s control
behavior (throttling), and see if the vibration is associated with it.
Valves
Is there sliding or rubbing signs on the pipe support? If yes then record the
movement direction
Is there a spring support/hanger in the system, if yes, then inspect its condition,
and check the below:
1. Is the load indicator on the working range?
2. Is the travel stop (lock) removed?
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
o Vibration measurement should be performed at the most severe vibration condition which
may require measurement at multiple operation conditions.
o For main line, take vibration measurements at those locations perceived to have the highest
vibration amplitude, e.g., mid span, near valves, elbows, change in diameters, expansions
and orifices.
o For small bore connections, measurements should be performed at the end flange of the
cantilever arrangement.
o Utilize the piping isometric drawing and mark and label the measurements locations.
o Take data in the vertical and horizontal directions at each measurement location. Where
necessary, also take measurement in a direction along the pipe axis (axial), e.g., at an
elbow.
o Ensure that the pipe surface temperature does not exceed the transducer allowable
temperature range.
o It is critical to ensure that the transducer is firmly secured to the piping. Use a magnet
where possible, or if necessary use a glue to obtain a secure mounting. Hand-held
transducers should never be used for this type of measurement.
o For small bore piping, you may need to use a smaller size transducer (less than 50% of the
pipe mass).
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
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Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
Page 12 of 13
Document Responsibility: Consulting Services Department SABP-L-005
Issue Date: 5 September 2009
Next Planned Update: TBD Piping Vibration Measurements and Assessment
Acknowledgment
CSD acknowledges the following engineers for their support and active participation in
producing this best practice:
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