Reading

Passage 1
1/ population
2/ suburbs
3/ businessmen
4/ funding
5/ press
6/ soil
7/ FALSE
8/ NOT GIVEN
9/TRUE
10/TRUE
11/FALSE
12/FALSE
13/ NOT GIVEN

Passage 2
14 C
15 B
16 E
17 A
18 C
19 B
20 D
21 A
22 C
23 A
24 flavour / flavor
25 size
26 salt

Listening
1 jamieson
2 afternoon
3 communication
4 week
5 10
6 suit
7 passport
8 personality
9 feedback
10 time
11 A
12 B
13 A
14 C
15 river
16 1422
17 top
18 pass
19 steam
20 capital
21 G
22 F
23 A
24 E
25 B
26 C

Giải thích đáp án

Listening
PART 1
AMBER: Hello William. This is Amber – you said to phone if I wanted to
get more information about the job agency you mentioned. Is now a good time?

WILLIAM: Oh, hi Amber. Yes. Fine. So the agency I was talking about is
called Bankside – they’re based in Docklands – I can tell you the address now – 497
Eastside.

AMBER: OK, thanks. So is there anyone in particular I should speak to

there?

WILLIAM: The agent I always deal with is called Becky Jamieson.

AMBER: Let me write that down – Becky …

WILLIAM: Jamieson (Q1) J-A-M-I-E-S-O-N.

AMBER: Do you have her direct line?

WILLIAM: Yes, it’s in my contacts somewhere – right, here we are: 078

double 6, 510 triple 3. I wouldn’t call her until the afternoon (Q2) if I were you –
she’s always really busy in the morning trying to fill last-minute vacancies. She’s
really helpful and friendly so I’m sure it would be worth getting in touch with her for
an informal chat.

AMBER: It’s mainly clerical and admin jobs they deal with, isn’t it?

WILLIAM: That’s right. I know you’re hoping to find a full-time job in the
media eventually – but Becky mostly recruits temporary staff for the finance sector –
which will look good on your CV – and generally pays better too.

AMBER: Yeah – I’m just a bit worried because I don’t have much office
experience.
WILLIAM: I wouldn’t worry. They’ll probably start you as a receptionist, or
something like that. So what’s important for that kind of job isn’t so much having
business skills or knowing lots of different computer systems – it’s communication
(Q3) that really matters – so you’d be fine there. And you’ll pick up office skills
really quickly on the job. It’s not that complicated.

AMBER: OK good. So how long do people generally need temporary staff

for? It would be great if I could get something lasting at least a month.

WILLIAM: That shouldn’t be too difficult. But you’re more likely to be

offered something for a week (Q4) at first, which might get extended. It’s unusual
to be sent somewhere for just a day or two.

AMBER: Right, I’ve heard the pay isn’t too bad – better than working in a
shop or a restaurant.

WILLIAM: Oh yes – definitely. The hourly rate is about £10 (Q5), 11 if

you’re lucky.

AMBER: That’s pretty good. I was only expecting to get eight or nine
pounds an hour.

————————————————

WILLIAM: Do you want me to tell you anything about the registration

process?

AMBER: Yes, please. I know you have to have an interview.

WILLIAM: The interview usually takes about an hour and you should arrange
that about a week in advance.

AMBER: I suppose I should dress smartly if it’s for office work – I can
probably borrow a suit (Q6) from Mum.

WILLIAM: Good idea. It’s better to look too smart than too casual.

AMBER: Will I need to bring copies of my exam certificates or anything like

that?

WILLIAM: No – they don’t need to see those, I don’t think.

AMBER: What about my passport? (Q7)

WILLIAM: Oh yes – they will ask to see that.

AMBER: OK.

WILLIAM: I wouldn’t get stressed about the interview though. It’s just a
chance for them to build a relationship with you – so they can try and match you to
a job which you’ll like. So there are questions about personality (Q8) that they
always ask candidates – fairly basic ones. And they probably won’t ask anything too
difficult like what your plans are for the future.

AMBER: Hope not.

WILLIAM: Anyway, there are lots of benefits to using an agency – for

example, the interview will be useful because they’ll give you feedback (Q9) on
your performance so you can improve next time.

AMBER: And they’ll have access to jobs which aren’t advertised.

WILLIAM: Exactly – most temporary jobs aren’t advertised.

AMBER: And I expect finding a temporary job this way takes a lot less
time (Q10) – it’s much easier than ringing up individual companies.

WILLIAM: Yes indeed. Well I think …

PART 2
Good morning. My name’s Erica Matthews, and I’m the owner of Matthews Island
Holidays, a company set up by my parents. Thank you for coming to this presentation,
in which I hope to interest you in what we have to offer. We’re a small, family-run
company, and we believe in the importance of the personal touch, so we don’t aim to
compete with other companies on the number of customers. What we do is build on
our many years’ experience – more than almost any other rail holiday
company (Q11) – to ensure we provide perfect holidays in a small number of
destinations, which we’ve got to know extremely well.
I’ll start with our six-day Isle of Man holiday. This is a fascinating island in the Irish
Sea, with Wales to the south, England to the east, Scotland to the north and Northern
Ireland to the west. Our holiday starts in Heysham, where your tour manager will
meet you (Q12), then you’ll travel by ferry to the Isle of Man. Some people prefer to
fly from Luton instead, and another popular option is to go by train to Liverpool and
take a ferry from there.
You have five nights in the hotel, and the price covers five breakfasts and dinners,
and lunch on the three days when there are organised trips (Q13): day four is free,
and most people have lunch in a café or restaurant in Douglas.
The price of the holiday includes the ferry to the Isle of Man, all travel on the island,
the hotel, and the meals I’ve mentioned. Incidentally, we try to make booking our
holidays as simple and fair as possible, so unlike with many companies, the price is
the same whether you book six months in advance or at the last minute, and there’s no
supplement for single rooms in hotels. If you make a booking then need to change
the start date, for example because of illness, you’re welcome to change to an
alternative date or a different tour, for a small administrative fee. (Q14)
——————————-
OK, so what does the holiday consist of? Well, on day one you’ll arrive in time for a
short introduction by your tour manager, followed by dinner in the hotel. The dining
room looks out at the river (Q15), close to where it flows into the harbour, and
there’s usually plenty of activity going on.
On day two you’ll take the coach to the small town of Peel, on the way calling in at
the Tynwald Exhibition. The Isle of Man isn’t part of the United Kingdom, and it has
its own parliament, called Tynwald. It’s claimed that this is the world’s oldest
parliament that’s still functioning, and that it dates back to 979. However, the earliest
surviving reference to it is from 1422 (Q16), so perhaps it isn’t quite as old as it
claims!
Day three we have a trip to the mountain Snaefell. This begins with a leisurely ride
along the promenade in Douglas in a horse-drawn tram. Then you board an electric
train which takes you to the fishing village of Laxey. From there it’s an eight-
kilometre ride in the Snaefell Mountain Railway to the top (Q17). Lunch will be in
the café, giving you spectacular views of the island.
Day four is free for you to explore, using the pass (Q18) which we’ll give you. So
you won’t have to pay for travel on local transport, or for entrance to the island’s
heritage sites. Or you might just want to take it easy in Douglas and perhaps do a little
light shopping.
The last full day, day five, is for some people the highlight of the holiday, with a ride
on the steam (Q19) railway, from Douglas to Port Erin. After some time to explore, a
coach will take you to the headland that overlooks the Calf of Man, a small island just
off the coast. From there you continue to Castletown, which used to be
the capital (Q20) of the Isle of Man, and its mediaeval castle.
And on day six it’s back to the ferry – or the airport, if you flew to the island – and
time to go home.
Now I’d like to tell you …

PART 3
RUTH:   Ed, how are you getting on with the reading for our presentation next week?
ED:         Well, OK, Ruth – but there’s so much of it.
RUTH:   I know, I hadn’t realised birth order was such a popular area of research.
ED:         But the stuff on birth order and personality is mostly unreliable. From what
I’ve been reading a lot of claims about how your position in the family determines
certain personality traits are just stereotypes, with no robust evidence to support them.
RUTH:   OK, but that’s an interesting point – we could start by outlining what
previous research has shown. There are studies going back over a hundred years.
ED:         Yeah – so we could just run through some of the typical traits. Like the
consensus seems to be that oldest children are generally less well-adjusted because
they never get over the arrival of a younger sibling.
RUTH:   Right, but on a positive note, some studies claimed that they were thought
to be good a nurturing – certainly in the past when people had large families they
would have been expected to look after the younger ones. (Q21)
ED:         There isn’t such a clear picture for middle children – but one trait that a lot
of the studies mention is that they are easier to get on with than older or younger
siblings.
RUTH:   Generally eager to please and helpful (Q22) – although that’s certainly not
accurate as far as my family goes – my middle brother was a nightmare – always
causing fights and envious of whatever I had.
ED:         As I said – none of this seems to relate to my own experience. I’m the
youngest in my family and I don’t recognise myself in any of the studies I’ve read
about. I’m supposed to have been a sociable and confident child who made friends
easily (Q23) – but I was actually terribly shy.
RUTH:   Really? That’s funny. There have been hundreds of studies on twins but
mostly about nurture versus nature…
ED:         There was one on personality, which said that a twin is likely to be quite
shy in social situations (Q24) because they always have their twin around to depend
on for support.
RUTH:   My cousins were like that when they were small – they were only interested
in each other and found it hard to engage with other kids. They’re fine now though.
ED:         Only children have had a really bad press – a lot of studies have branded
them as loners who think the world revolves around them (Q25) because they’ve
never had to fight for their parents’ attention.
RUTH:   That does seem a bit harsh. One category I hadn’t considered before was
children with much older siblings – a couple of studies mentioned that these
children grow up more quickly and are expected to do basic things for themselves
– like getting dressed. (Q26)
ED:         I can see how that might be true – although I expect they’re sometimes the
exact opposite – playing the baby role and clamouring for special treatment.

Reading

Passage 1
1. The ………… of London increased rapidly between 1800 and 1850 =>
Cần 1 Noun

Dùng thông tin between 1800 and 1850 để dò thông tin trong bài đọc.

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

between 1800 and 1850 = in the first half of the 1800s

increased = grew
rapidly = at astonishing rate
the….of London = London’s .….
In the first half of the 1800s, London’s population grew at an astonishing rate,

Bài đọc
In the first half of the 1800s, London’s population grew at an astonishing
rate,
=> Đáp án: population
2. Building the railway would make it possible to move people to better
housing in the ………=> Cần 1 Noun chỉ nơi chốn

Dùng thông tin Charles Pearson để dò trong bài đọc.

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

move = relocate
better housing = slums -> newly constructed…
people = poor workers
His idea was to relocate the poor workers who lived in the inner-city slums to
newly constructed suburbs,….

Bài đọc: His idea was to relocate the poor workers who lived in the inner-
city slums to newly constructed suburbs,….
=> Đáp án: suburbs

3. A number of ………… agreed with Pearson’s idea => Cần 1 Noun, số

nhiều, đếm được vì đi sau a number of, chỉ người hoặc tổ chức

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

agreed with = gained support

Pearson’s idea = Pearson’s idea
a number of…. = some…
Pearson’s ideas gained support amongst some businessmen

Bài đọc: Pearson’s ideas gained support amongst some businessmen

=> Đáp án: businessmen

4. The company initially had problems getting the………………… needed

for the project => Cần 1 Noun

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

the company = the organisation

had problems = had difficulty
the project = a scheme
The organisation had difficulty in raising the funding for such a radical and
expensive scheme

Bài đọc: The organisation had difficulty in raising the funding for such a
radical and expensive scheme
=> Đáp án: funding

5. Negative articles about the project appeared in the ………………=>

Cần 1 Noun

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

negative articles = critical articles

The organisation had difficulty in raising the funding for such a radical and
expensive scheme, not least because of the critical articles printed by the press.
Bài đọc: The organisation had difficulty in raising the funding for such a
radical and expensive scheme, not least because of the critical articles
printed by the press.
=> Đáp án: press

6. With the completion of the brick arch, the tunnel was covered with
…………… => Cần 1 Noun

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

the brick arch = a brick arch

the tunnel = the tunnel
was covered with = was laid on top
Brick walls were then constructed, and finally a brick arch was added to create
a tunnel. A two-metre-deep layer of soil was laid on top of the tunnel and the
road above rebuilt.

Bài đọc: Brick walls were then constructed, and finally a brick arch was
added to create a tunnel. A two-metre-deep layer of soil was laid on top of
the tunnel and the road above rebuilt.
=> Đáp án: soil

Questions 7-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage 1?

Giải thích đáp án câu 7 – 13

7. Other countries had built underground railways before the
Metropolitan line opened.

Dịch câu hỏi: Các nước khác đã xây dựng đường sắt ngầm trước khi tuyến
Metropolitan mở ; tức là Metropolitan không phải đầu tiên.

The Metropolitan line, which opened on 10 January 1863, was the world’s
first underground railway => Tuyến Metropolitan mở vào 10/1/1863 là
đường sắt ngầm đầu tiên trên thế giới.

Bài đọc
=> Trái ngược với bài đọc => Đáp án: FALSE

8. More people than predicted travelled on the Metropolitan line on the

first day.

Dịch câu hỏi: Số người đi tuyến Metropolitan vào ngày đầu tiên nhiều hơn dự
kiến
On its first day, almost 40,000 passengers were carried between Paddington
and Farringdon => Vào ngày đầu tiên, có khoản 40,000 hành khách di chuyển
giữa Paddington và Farringdon

Bài đọc
=> Không có thông tin nào về More people than predicted => Đáp án: NOT
GIVEN

9. The use of ventilation shafts failed to prevent pollution in the tunnels.

Dịch câu hỏi: Việc sử dụng hệ thống thông gió không ngăn được ô nhiễm của
đường hầm

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

ventilation shafts = ventilation shafts

failed to prevent = remained a problem
smoke and fumes = pollution
the tunnels = the tunnels
However, smoke and fumes remained a problem, even though ventilation
shafts were added to the tunnels => Tuy nhiên, khói bốc ra vẫn là vấn đề dù
hệ thống thông gió cũng được thêm vào đường hầm.

Bài đọc
=> Trùng với ý trong bài đọc => Đáp án: TRUE

10. A different approach from the ‘cut and cover’ technique was required
in London’s central area.

Dịch câu hỏi: Một phương án khác với kỹ thuật “cut and cover” là cần thiết ở
khu vực trung tâm London

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

the “cut and cover” technique = the “cut and cover” method
a different approach = alternative
in London’s central area = in this part of the capital
The ‘cut and cover’ method of construction was not an option in this part
of the capital. The only alternative was to tunnel deep underground. =>
Phương pháp xây dựng “cut and cover” không phải là 1 sự lựa chọn ở phần này
của thành phố. Cách thay thế duy nhất là đào các đường hầm sâu bên dưới.

Bài đọc
=> Trùng với ý trong bài đọc => Đáp án: TRUE
11. The windows on City & South London trains were at eye level.

Dịch câu hỏi: Những cửa sổ của tàu City & South London thì ngang tầm mắt

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

the windows = windows

trains = carriages
at eye level # below the roof
The carriages were narrow and had tiny windows just below the roof
because it was thought that passengers would not want to look out at the
tunnel walls => Những khoang này thì hẹp và có những cửa sổ nhỏ bên dưới
mái bởi vì người ta nghĩ rằng hành khách sẽ không muốn nhìn ra những bức
tường của đường ngầm này

Bài đọc
=> Trái ngược với bài đọc => Đáp án: FALSE

12. The City & South London Railway was a financial success.

Dịch câu hỏi: Đường sắt the City & South London Railway là một thành công
về tài chính

So sánh cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc:

a financial success # did not make a profit

Although the City & South London Railway was a great technical
achievement, it did not make a profit. => Mặc dù đường sắt the City &South
London là một thành tựu kĩ thuật to lớn nhưng nó chưa mang lại lợi nhuận

Bài đọc
=> Trái ngược với bài đọc => Đáp án: FALSE

13. Trains on the ‘Tuppenny Tube’ nearly always ran on time.

Dịch câu hỏi: Những tàu trên Tuppenny Tube gần như luôn chạy đúng giờ.

“Tuppenny Tube” xuất hiện đoạn cuối.

Then, in 1900, the Central London Railway, known as the ‘Tuppenny Tube‘,
began operation using new electric locomotives. It was very popular and soon
afterwards new railways and extensions were added to the growing tube
network.

Bài đọc
=> Không có thông tin nào về always ran on time => Đáp án: NOT GIVEN
Passage 2

14. a reference to a type of tomato that can resist a dangerous infection

The team in China re-domesticated several strains of wild tomatoes with

desirable traits lost in domesticated tomatoes. In this way they managed to
create a strain resistant to a common disease called bacterial spot race, which
can devastate yields

Bài đọc – Đoạn C

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

a type of tomato = a strain of tomato

to resist a infection = be resistant to a common disease
dangerous = devastate yields
=> Đáp án: C

15. an explanation of how problems can arise from focusing only on a

certain type of tomato plant.

But every time a single plant with a mutation is taken from a larger population
for breeding, much genetic diversity is lost.

Bài đọc – Đoạn B

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

a certain type of tomato plant = a single plant with a mutation

problems can arise = much genetic diversity is lost
=> Đáp án: B

16. a number of examples of plants that are not cultivated at present but
could be useful as food sources.

This approach could boost the use of many obscure plants, says Jonathan Jones
of the Sainsbury Lab in the UK. But it will be hard for new foods to grow so
popular with farmers and consumers that they become new staple crops, he
thinks. The three teams already have their eye on other plants that could be
“catapulted into the mainstream“, including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea.

Bài đọc – Đoạn E

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

a number of examples of plants = including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea

are not cultivated a present = obscure plants
be useful as food sources = new foods + catapulted into the mainstream
=>Đáp án: E

17. a comparison between the early domestication of the tomato and more
recent research

It took at least 3,000 years for humans to learn how to domesticate the wild
tomato and cultivate it for food. Now two separate teams in Brazil and China
have done it all over again in less than three years. And they have done it better
in some ways, as the re-domesticated tomatoes are more nutritious than the
ones we eat at present.

Bài đọc – Đoạn A

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

the early domestication of the tomato=to domesticate the wild tomato

more recent research =the re-domesticated tomatoes
a comparison = have done it better in some ways, more nutritious than the ones
we eat at present
=> Đáp án: A

18. a personal reaction to the flavour of a tomato that has been genetically
edited

“They are quite tasty,” says Kudla. A little bit strong. And very aromatic.“

Bài đọc – Đoạn C

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

the flavour of a tomato = tasty, strong, aromatic

a personal reaction = says Kudla
=> Đáp án: C

19. Domestication of certain plants could allow them to adapt to future

environmental challenges.

By choosing wild plants that are drought or heat tolerant, says Gao, we could
create crops that will thrive even as the planet warms.

Bài đọc – Đoạn E

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

domestication of certain plants = choosing wild plants that are drought or heat
tolerant
adapt to future environmental challenges = thrive even as the planet warms
=> Đáp án: B = Caixia Gao
20. The idea of growing and eating unusual plants may not be accepted on
a large scale

This approach could boost the use of many obscure plants, says Jonathan Jones
of the Sainsbury Lab in the UK. But it will be hard for new foods to grow so
popular with farmers and consumers that they become new staple crops, he
thinks.

Bài đọc – Đoạn E

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

unusual plants = obscure plants

growing and eating = farmers and consumers
may not be accepted = will be hard for new foods to grow so popular
on a large scale = become new staple crops
=> Đáp án D = Jonathan Jones

21. It is not advisable for the future direction of certain research to be

made public.

But Kudla didn’t want to reveal which species were in his team’s sights,
because CRISPR has made the process so easy. ‘Any one with the right skills
could go to their lab and do this.’

Bài đọc – Đoạn E

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

not advisable to be made public = didn’t want to reveal

the future direction of certain research = which species were in his team’s
sights
=> Đáp án A. = Jorg Kudla

22. Present efforts to domesticate one wild fruit are limited by the costs
involved

Groundcherries are already sold to a limited extent in the US but they are hard
to produce because the plant has a sprawling growth habit and the small fruits
fall off the branches when ripe. Van Eck’s team has edited the plants to
increase fruit size, make their growth more compact and to stop fruits dropping.
There’s potential for this to be a commercial crop,’ says Van Eck. But she adds
that taking the work further would be expensive because of the need to pay for
a licence for the CRISPR technology and get regulatory approval.

Bài đọc – Đoạn D

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc
one wild fruit = Groundcherries
are limited by the costs involved = taking the work further would be expensive
the costs involved = to pay for a licence for the CRISPR technology and get
regulatory approval
=> Đáp án: C= Joyce Van Eck

23. Humans only make use of a small proportion of the plant food
available on Earth.

‘This could transform what we eat,’ says Jorg Kudla at the University of
Munster in Germany, a member of the Brazilian team. ‘There are 50,000 edible
plants in the world, but 90 percent of our energy comes from just 15 crops.’

Bài đọc – Đoạn A

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

Human only make use of a small proportion = 90 percent of our energy comes
from just 15 crop
the plant food available on Earth = 50,000 edible plants in the world
=> Đáp án A. = Jorg Kudla

24. An undesirable trait such as loss of ……………………… may be caused

by a mutation in a tomato gene => Cần 1 Noun

And sometimes the desirable mutations come with less desirable traits. For
instance, the tomato strains grown for supermarkets have lost much of their
flavour.

Bài đọc – Đoạn B

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

an undesirable trait = less desirable traits

Such as = for instance
a mutation in a tomato gene = desirable mutations + the tomato strains grown
for supermarkets
loss of= loss of
=> Từ còn thiếu: flavour

25. By modifying one gene in a tomato plant, researchers made the tomato
three times its original ………… => Cần 1 Noun

Kudla’s team made six changes altogether. For instance, they tripled the size of
fruit by editing a gene called FRUIT WEIGHT

Bài đoạn – Đoạn C

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc
modifying one gene = editing a gene
researchers = they
three times = tripled
=> Từ còn thiếu: size

26. A type of tomato which was not badly affected by …………………, and
was rich in vitamin C, was produced by a team of researchers in China

The team in China re-domesticated several strains of wild tomatoes with

desirable traits lost in domesticated tomatoes. In this way they managed to
create a strain resistant to a common disease called bacterial spot race, which
can devastate yields. They also created another strain that is more salt tolerant –
and has higher levels of vitamin C.

Bài đọc – Đoạn C

So sánh các cụm từ trong câu hỏi và bài đọc

a team of researchers in China = the team in China

rich in vitamin C = high level of vitamin C
was not badly affected = tolerant
a type of tomato = another strain
=> Từ còn thiếu: salt