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Discussion proper on research Discussion proper on four main Discussion proper research Discussion proper research
methodology, research design, types of probability sampling and instrumentation and its types: instrumentation and its types:
population and sample, sampling five main types of non-probability
technique (probability and non- sampling: Research Instrument Multiple Choice Question
probability): - is a tool used to collect, measure, - This is the most popular type
Slovin’s Formula and analyze data related to your of survey question to ask your
Research Methodology - is used to calculate an research interests. It includes audience. You provide
- Discusses the research design, appropriate sample size from a interviews, tests, surveys, or respondents with a list of answer
population and sampling technique, population. checklists. options and they get to choose
instrumentation, data gathering one or more options from this list.
procedure, and statistical treatment Interviews or the interaction where
of data. verbal questions are posed by an Likert Scale
interviewer to elicit verbal -This kind of question is a
Research Design responses from an interviewee. reliable survey question to ask
- The overall approach on doing Four main types of probability Structured Interview: A formal set your respondents to measure
research that provides a brief and sampling: of questions posed to each their attitudes, perceptions, and
logical plan to address a specific 1. Simple random sampling interviewee and recorded using a opinions about a certain topic.
research topic through the gathering, 2. Systematic sampling standardized procedure.
interpretation, analysis, and 3. Stratified sampling Unstructured Interview: A less Dichotomous Question
discussion of data. (Claybaugh, 4. Cluster sampling formal set of questions; the -A dichotomous question (or a
2020) interviewer modifies the sequence yes or no question) requires only
- Research might be qualitative, Simple random sampling and wording of questions. two possible answers from your
quantitative, or hybrid in design. - every member of the Non-Directive Interview: An survey respondents: yes/no,
population has an equal chance unguided interview, including open- agree/disagree, or true/false.
Population of being selected. ended questions and use of
- the entire group that you want to Systematic sampling spontaneous engagement. Rating Question
draw conclusions about. - every member of the Focus Interview: An emphasis on Rating scale survey questions
population is listed with a number, the interviewees subjective and allow your survey respondents to
Sample but instead of randomly personal responses where the quickly rate something on a scale
- the entire group that you want to generating numbers, individuals interviewer engages to elicit more of 1 to 5. This is often used as a
draw conclusions about. are chosen at regular intervals. information. quick survey question to ask your
Stratified sampling Focus Group Interview: A group respondent how they feel about a
2 PRIMARY TYPES OF SAMPLING - a useful method for data of selected participants are asked particular thing.
METHODS: collection if the population is about their opinion or perceptions
heterogeneous. In this method, concerning a particular topic. Rank Order Question
Non-probability sampling the entire heterogeneous A rank order question provides
- involves non-random selection population is divided into a Observation (watching what your respondents with a list of
based on convenience or other number of homogeneous groups, people do) is a type of correlational answer options. This survey
criteria, allowing you to easily collect usually known as Strata. (non-experimental) method where question type allows them to
data. Cluster sampling researchers observe ongoing compare the options and rank
- mainly used in qualitative research. - Cluster sampling also behavior. them in order of priority,
involves dividing the population Structured Observations: importance, or value.
Probability sampling into subgroups, but each Research conducted at a specific
- involves random selection, allowing subgroup should have similar place, time, where participants are DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTION
you to make strong statistical characteristics to the whole observed in a standardised Are asked to collect demographic
inferences about the whole group sample. procedure. information such as gender, age,
- mainly used in quantitative Naturalistic Observation: The income, location, etc.
research. Five main types of probability study the spontaneous behavior of
sampling: participants in natural Open-Ended Question
1. Convenience sampling surroundings. Unlike other types of survey
2. Voluntary response sampling Participant Observation: A questions, open-ended survey
3. Purposive sampling variation on natural observations questions provide respondents
4. Snowball sampling where the researcher joins in and with different predefined answer
5. Quota sampling becomes part of the group they are options.
studying to get a deeper insight
Convenience sampling into their lives. Dropdown Question
- is primarily determined by If you’ve got a multiple choice
convenience to the researcher. Survey research encompasses question that has a long list of
Quota sampling any measurement procedures that answer options, you can use a
- a quota should comprise involve asking questions of dropdown question instead if you
subgroups with specific respondents. Types of questions wish to not overwhelm your
characteristics and should be asked in surveys include: respondents.
selected in a non-random Free-Answer: Also referred to as
manner. open-ended questions, these Slider Question
Self-selection sampling include unrestricted, essay, or With a slider question, you ask
- also called volunteer unguided questions. your survey respondents to
sampling relies on participants Guided Response Type: Recall- evaluate something on a
who voluntarily agree to be part of type questions asking the numerical scale. But they pick a
your research. participant to recall a set of number by dragging a slider
Snowball sampling categories. Multiple-choice or control.
- is used when the multiple response questions.
population you want to research OPINION-SCALE QUESTION
is hard to reach, or there is no -An opinion scale survey
existing database. question provides respondents
Snowball sampling with a scale of numbers as
- is also called judgmental answer options. These options
sampling, because it relies on the range from 1 to 10, 0 to 100, 1 to
judgment of the researcher to 5, etc.
select the units.
D. EXPLORE Each research group will present the The students will solve the given Each research group will present the following examples of types of
(Activities/Inquiry/Common following Chapter 3 contents through numbers with a complete solution survey questions related to their research topic:
Experience)
a brief group reporting: using Slovin’s Formula:
GROUP A
1. Research Design - Multiple Choice
2. Population/Description of the - Ranking Order
respondents - Open-ended Questions
3. Sampling Technique
GROUP B
- Likert Scale
- Dichotomous Questions
- Multiple Choice
GROUP C
- Demographic Question
- Rating
- Opinion Scale
E. EXPLAIN Three representatives per group will One representative per number Three representatives per group will discuss their presentation in front.
(Guide students in discussing and discuss their presentation in front. will discuss their answer in front. They will give details supporting their discussion; and after that the
practicing new skills)
They will give details supporting their They will show how they solve the teacher will provide feedback to what is reported.
discussion; and after that the teacher problem in a detailed manner.
will provide feedback to what is After that, the teacher will check
reported. their work and, if necessary, will
provide corrective feedback.
F. ELABORATE Students will respond to the Students will respond to the A. The teacher will present
(Application/Assess student’s following questions with a brief following questions with a brief more examples of types of
progress &
understanding/demonstration of explanation based on their own explanation based on their own survey question, and the
learning) understanding: understanding: students will guess what
specific type of survey
1. What is a research design? 1. What is the equation for question is used.
2. Why is it important to describe Slovin’s Formula?
your respondents or population? 2. What are the four main types of B. Students will respond to the
3. What are the two main types of probability sampling? following questions with a brief
sampling technique? 3. What are the five main types of explanation based on their own
probability sampling? understanding:
1. As researchers, is it important
that we know the different types
of survey question?
G. EVALUATE The students will join a live quiz The students will join a live quiz
(Check student’s mastery through this link through this link
level/Assessment)
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/640a1ab0 https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/64
dc464c001e693afa/startV4? 0a1998894039001f904c7d/startV
fromBrowserLoad=true 4?fromBrowserLoad=true
Or join through a code 981 704 Or join through a code 583 202
H. EXTEND The students will be tasked to The students will be tasked to The students will craft their survey
(Additional activities for application or master the Slovin’s Formula and study and read in advance about questionnaire in relation to the
remediation.)
read in advance about probability research instrumentation and its statement of the problem of their
and non-probability sampling. types. research topic.
REFLECTION/ REMARKS