‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

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‫ﺍﻃﻠﻊﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺉﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‪https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289099494:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺳﻜﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‪ -‬ﺳﻠﻌﺔ· ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ ‪2011‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬

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‫‪3‬ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻰﻫﺎﻧﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻨﺰﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻣﺎﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﺍﻙ‬

‫‪31‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ‪103‬ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪19‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ‪88‬ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‪MyPhD‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫ﺗﻢﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔﻋﺼﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞﻓﻲ ‪ 03‬ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ ‪.2016‬‬

‫ﻃﻠﺐﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺳﻜﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﻨﻰ ﻫﺎﻧﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻞﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻏﻄﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺩﻓﺉﺎًﻣﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻦ‪ .5‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪2CO‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍً ﻣﻬﻤﺎً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻟﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻴﺉﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍءﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺎ ًﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪ .‬ﻳﻌُﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺭﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺣﺘﺮﺍﺭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﺩﻯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭﺣﺮﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 34‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪25‬ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .6‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ .‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺛﺮﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﺉﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻓﺉﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ .7‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺰﻋﺎﺟﺎًﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺎً ﻭﺳﻴﺆﺩﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻭﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﺤﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‪.‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺉﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻛﺲ‪ .‬ﻳﻌُﺮﻑَّ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻄﺎءﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ ‪ .8‬ﻳﻌُﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪ ، ecoroof‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺃﺩﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﻭﻣﻈﻬﺮﻩ ‪ .9‬ﻳﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪035‬ﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲﻟﻼﺣﺘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﺤﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ .1110‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔﻭﺧﻀﺮﺍء ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﺭﻛﺎﺉﺰ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﻖﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ‪ 15‬ﺳﻢ )‪ 6‬ﺑﻮﺻﺎﺕ( ﻭﺗﻌُﺮﻑ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺭﻛﺎﺉﺰﺍً ﺿﺤﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪2‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 15‬ﺳﻢ )‪ 0.8‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 6‬ﺑﻮﺻﺎﺕ(‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍءﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪ .9 ، 11‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻰﻫﺎﻧﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺉﺪﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺷﺎﻏﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ‪ .12‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ‪-‬ﺃﺩﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻋﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍً ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء‬
‫ﺃﻱﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻛﻌﻼﺝ ﺳﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻧﻬﺠﺎً ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺎً ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺎﺕﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪-‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻲ‬
‫‪LOBAL‬ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﻛﺎﺑﻮﺳﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎً‪ .‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓﻭﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺎﻻﺕﺍﻟﺠﻔﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺘﺺﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻓﺉﺎً ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻘﺖ'ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 'ﺃﻱ ﻓﺦ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫‪.1‬ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘُﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎً‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ‪ .4 3 2‬ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪2‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ 'ﺱﺳﻄﺢ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺼﻤﺖﺇﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎء ﻫﻴﺉﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺎﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﺍﻙ ‪،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ )ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ‪ + 57188636019 :‬؛ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪@ yahoo.com :‬‬
‫‪.(asmat_ismail2007‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪) .‬ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪mhanim@usm.my :‬‬
‫(‪.‬‬
‫‪Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. )e-mail: malik@usm.my(.‬‬
‫‪Programme, School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti‬‬
‫‪Abdul Malek Abdul Rahman is with Architecture‬‬
‫‪International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 5)4( 2011‬‬
 ‫‪World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology‬‬
‫‪International Journal of Civil, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering Vol:5, No:4,2011‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪without green roof vary from 42et al. 2001, Niachou A,‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫‪that the surface temperature of a non-insulated building‬‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﺧﻠﺼﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪green roof are lower during the day. The results show‬‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﺎً )ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪that the indoor temperature values in the building with‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕﻣﻦ ‪ 0.7‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 0.85‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﺎً ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪installation of a green roof on a building which concluded‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼءﺍﺕﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء( ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫‪on indoor and outdoor microclimate before and after the‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ‪ .17‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ 2008‬ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬ ‫‪0C to 480published the results of a study‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺰﻭﻝ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ‪28‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ .‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫‪0C‬ﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪040‬ﺝ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻞﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ‪ .13‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ .20‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ‪،‬ﺃﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎً ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺎً ﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺸﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢﻣﺰﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺍﺑﻖﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺐ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ )ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﺎً ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻣﻦ ‪060‬ﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪030‬ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ‪ C‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺗﻢ ﺧﺼﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺭﺓﻭﺭﻃﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ(‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 50‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ‪ .14‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻨﻲﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻋﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻢﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍءﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺯﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻱ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺾ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ‪،‬ﺫﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪2009‬‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻄﺎﺓ ﺟﻴﺪﺍً‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ‪4‬ﺫﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪.2009‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﺗﻢ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 60‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺉﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ‪ .16‬ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻭﻻﻳﺔﺑﻨﺴﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪ 6‬ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻀﺮﺍء‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻢ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺄﺳﻘﻒ ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺩﻗﺎﺉﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺿﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﺓ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪030‬ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ‪ C‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎً‪.‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ‪ .17‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ، 2008‬ﺳﺒﺎﻻﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎء ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﺰ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﺞ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻞﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺏ ﻭﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻞﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻘﻒﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍً ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﻷﻥ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﺉﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﺦ ﻭﻣﻌﺰﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺍًﺟﺪﺍً‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ‪ 3.05‬ﻡ × ‪ 2.73‬ﻡ × ‪ 3.05‬ﻡ ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻭﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﻝ ﺑﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻴﺘﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ .18‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺷﺎﻫﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ .2008‬ﻭﺧﻠﺼﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻳﻌُﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺉﻞﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺻﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ( ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺓ‪0.‬ﺝ ﻭﺧﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪03‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ‪ C‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ‪ .19‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢﺑﺎﻟﺨﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺻﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪﻟﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ، 2003‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ( ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺬﻩﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﻭﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺻﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ( ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ .‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺸﺐﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬

‫ﻟﻬﺬﻩﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﻘﻒ‬

‫ﻓﻲﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝﻭﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺸﺐﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪-200SA‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ LI‬ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ NRG 110S 1906‬ﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﻉ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 340‬ﻣﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 350‬ﻣﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪.‬ﺗﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﺕﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 2.58‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍً ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ 2.49‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ .2‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 1‬ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﻭ ‪ .4‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕﻛﻞ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻷﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ‪B.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔﻭﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻛﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 3‬ﻭ ‪ .4‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍً‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻓﻲ ‪1‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻷﻥﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‪ 2008‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ‪Bahang ، Pulau Pinang ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎء‬
‫‪ Muka Head ، Teluk‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ ‪ 5‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﻭ ‪.4‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔﺑﻮﻋﺎء )ﺑﻮﺩﻭﻓﻴﻠﻮﻡ ﺳﻴﻨﺠﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ )ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪batatas‬‬
‫‪)( ، ipomoea‬ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺎ ﺣﻠﻮﺓ(‪،‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺳﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺒﺎﻙ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻳﺒﻮﻣﻮﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺭﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﺎ)‬
‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ 6 × 6‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺣﻒﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻝ( ﻭ‪)ipomoea pes-caprae‬ﻣﺠﺪ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﺊ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻳﺒﻮﻣﻮﻳﺎﺑﻴﺲ ﻛﺎﺑﺮﺍﻱﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﺍً ﻟﻘﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢﺍﻟﺨﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺝ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺧﺸﺐﺭﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ ‪ 6 × 8 × 4‬ﻣﻢ )‪10‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺪﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ‪8‬ﺫﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪2009‬‬

‫ﺣﺘﻰ‪4‬ﺫﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪ .2009‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺴﺎﺕﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺴﺎﺕﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬ﺱﺍﻟﻤﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ )ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺐﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺉﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ(‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﺍﻟﺒﻴﺮﻭﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼءﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ 102 .‬ﻭﻋﺎء ﻣﻦ‪ipomoea pes caprae‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 2‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪8‬ﺫﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪13‬ﺫﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ .2009‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖﻣﻦ ‪15‬ﺫﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪20‬ﺫﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ .2009‬ﺗﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ‪29‬ﺫﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪4‬ﺫﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪ 2009‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻼء ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ‪،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺇﻏﻼﻕﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻈﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫)ﺏ(‬ ‫)ﺃ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 3‬ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ؛ )ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫‪38.00‬‬

‫‪36.00‬‬

‫‪34.00‬‬

‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬

‫‪28.00‬‬

‫‪26.00‬‬

‫‪24.00‬‬

‫‪22.00‬‬
‫)ﺏ(‬ ‫)ﺃ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 4‬ﺃ( ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﻠﻲء ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺻﺺ )‪ipomoea pes capre‬‬
‫( ؛ )ﺏ( ﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺮﻭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪.‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ 6‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻞ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ .5‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍً ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ .6‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﻘﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 11‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻭ‪ 3‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺨﻔﻀﺖ ﺷﺪﺗﻪ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ‪00.01‬ﺝ ﻭ ‪01.91‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 8‬ﻣﺴﺎء‪ ً.‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻺﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻞ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎًﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 1.15‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻭ ‪ 7.45‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎء ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻫﻮ ‪ 1009‬ﻭ ‪ 1126‬ﻭ ‪ 1048‬ﻭﺍﺕ ‪ /‬ﻡ‪2‬‬

‫‪3.45‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺑﻴﺾ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬

‫ﺃﻗﻞﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻰ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬
‫‪10:00:00‬‬

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‫‪0:00:00‬‬

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‫‪2:00:00‬‬

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‫‪4:00:01‬‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺷﻤﺴﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬

‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎً ﻣﺜﻴﺮﺍً ﻟﻺﻋﺠﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ )ﻭﺍﻁ ‪ /‬ﻡ‬

‫‪1000‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪800‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ 9‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 7‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎء ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 7.‬ﺃ(‬ ‫‪600‬‬

‫‪.‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫‪400‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺍً ﺟﺪﺍً ﻋﻨﺪ ‪at 4.6200.68‬‬

‫‪(2‬‬

‫‪200‬‬

‫‪the black bare roof and the green roof was recorded‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0C. The highest average temperature difference between‬‬

‫‪afternoon )with the highest temperature difference of5.74‬‬ ‫(‪Time )hour‬‬

‫‪7 and 8 0C between 11am in the morning and 5pm in the‬‬ ‫‪white roof‬‬ ‫‪bare roof‬‬ ‫‪green roof‬‬

‫‪observed on white roof almost at all time except between‬‬

‫‪roof was lower than the outdoor surface temperature‬‬
‫‪Fig. 5 Comparison of average solar radiation between black bare‬‬
‫‪average outdoor surface temperature profile for green‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫‪C recorded at 2.45pm in the afternoon(. Meanwhile, the‬‬
‫‪is shown in Fig. 7 )b(, )c( and )d(.o’clock in the morning.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫‪of average temperature reductions for each roof‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ‪B.‬‬
‫‪reduce the indoor ceiling temperature. The comparison‬‬ ‫ﺗﻢﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫‪able to prevent heat penetration on the roof surface and‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔﺑﺪءﺍً ﻣﻦ ‪8‬ﺫ‬
‫‪This result shows that green roof is‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪ 2009‬ﺣﺘﻰ ‪4‬ﺫﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪ .2009‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻧﺘﺞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ًﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻭﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‪ .‬ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫‪10:00:00‬‬
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‫‪12:00:00‬‬
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‫‪4:00:01‬‬
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‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ )ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻮﺱ(‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫‪44.00‬‬ ‫‪44.00‬‬
‫‪42.00‬‬
‫‪42.00‬‬
‫‪40.00‬‬
‫‪40.00‬‬
‫‪03.42‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪38.00‬‬
‫‪38.00‬‬
‫‪36.00‬‬
‫‪00.76‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪36.00‬‬
‫‪34.00‬‬
‫‪02.25‬ﺝ‬
‫‪34.00‬‬
‫‪32.00‬‬
‫‪32.00‬‬
‫‪30.00‬‬

‫‪28.00‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬

‫‪28.00‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬
‫‪WhiteRoof‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 7‬ﺩ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫‪WhiteRoof‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 7‬ﺃ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ '‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬

‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬

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‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬

‫‪1:00:00‬‬

‫‪2:00:00‬‬

‫‪3:00:00‬‬

‫‪4:00:00‬‬

‫‪5:00:00‬‬

‫‪6:00:00‬‬

‫‪7:00:00‬‬

‫‪8:00:00‬‬

‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪31.50‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪31.00‬‬
‫‪44.00‬‬
‫‪30.50‬‬
‫‪42.00‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺉﻮﻳﺔ(‬

‫‪30.00‬‬
‫‪40.00‬‬
‫‪29.50‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖﺳﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪04.62‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪38.00‬‬
‫‪29.00‬‬
‫‪36.00‬‬
‫‪28.50‬‬

‫‪28.00‬‬ ‫‪02.59‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪02.48‬ﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪34.00‬‬

‫‪27.50‬‬ ‫‪01.37‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬

‫‪28.00‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 8‬ﺃ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻒﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 7‬ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬
‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬
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‫‪14:00:01‬‬
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‫‪16:00:01‬‬
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‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬
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‫‪8:00:00‬‬
‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 8‬ﺃ( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬
‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬
‫‪13:00:01‬‬

‫‪14:00:01‬‬
‫‪15:00:01‬‬

‫‪16:00:01‬‬
‫‪17:00:01‬‬

‫‪18:00:01‬‬
‫‪19:00:01‬‬

‫‪20:00:01‬‬
‫‪21:00:01‬‬

‫‪22:00:00‬‬
‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬
‫‪1:00:00‬‬

‫‪2:00:00‬‬
‫‪3:00:00‬‬

‫‪4:00:00‬‬
‫‪5:00:00‬‬

‫‪6:00:00‬‬
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‫‪8:00:00‬‬
‫‪9:00:00‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻗﻞﻟـﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ‪value was above that of white‬‬ ‫‪44.00‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ )ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫(‪)degreecelcius‬‬

‫‪black bare roof at all times during the day. However, its‬‬ ‫‪41.00‬‬

‫‪and 1o’clock in the air temperature in comparison with‬‬ ‫‪38.00‬‬

‫‪recorded at 1.55 roof between 1o’clock in the morning‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻮﺱ(‬

‫‪35.00‬‬
‫‪black bare roof and green roof during daytime hours was‬‬
‫‪highest average temperature difference between‬‬ ‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪evening. During the measurement period, 0afternoon. The‬‬ ‫‪29.00‬‬

‫‪C between 4 o’clock in the afternoon and 9 o’clock in the‬‬

‫‪survival. The watering of plants on the green roof was‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬
‫‪the green roof were watered once a day to ensure their‬‬
‫‪out between 7 and 8 o’clock in the evening the plants on‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ‬

‫‪average indoor temperature range from 28.58carried‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 7‬ﺝ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪can be seen on the graph( was the lowest. The‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫‪air temperature recorded during these hours )which‬‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬
‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬
‫‪13:00:01‬‬
‫‪14:00:01‬‬

‫‪15:00:01‬‬
‫‪16:00:01‬‬
‫‪17:00:01‬‬

‫‪18:00:01‬‬
‫‪19:00:01‬‬
‫‪20:00:01‬‬

‫‪21:00:01‬‬
‫‪22:00:00‬‬
‫‪23:00:01‬‬

‫‪from 28.880C to 29.960for every day. Hence, the indoor‬‬

‫‪0:00:00‬‬
‫‪1:00:00‬‬
‫‪2:00:00‬‬

‫‪3:00:00‬‬
‫‪4:00:00‬‬
‫‪5:00:00‬‬

‫‪6:00:00‬‬
‫‪7:00:00‬‬
‫‪8:00:00‬‬

‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫‪10:00:02‬‬
‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬
‫‪13:00:01‬‬
‫‪14:00:01‬‬

‫‪15:00:01‬‬
‫‪16:00:01‬‬
‫‪17:00:01‬‬

‫‪18:00:01‬‬
‫‪19:00:01‬‬
‫‪20:00:01‬‬

‫‪21:00:01‬‬
‫‪22:00:00‬‬
‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬
‫‪1:00:00‬‬
‫‪2:00:00‬‬

‫‪3:00:00‬‬
‫‪4:00:00‬‬
‫‪5:00:00‬‬

‫‪6:00:00‬‬
‫‪7:00:00‬‬
‫‪8:00:00‬‬

‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫‪underneath the green roof whereas, temperature ranges‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪0C was observed in the room‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪0C 31.58‬ﺝ ﻭ ‪027.95‬ﺇﻟﻰ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫‪0C30.50‬ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ‪ C‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺉﻮﻳﺔ(‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺉﻮﻳﺔ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪00.21‬‬

‫ﺝﻭ ‪01.73‬ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ‪ C‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪10.00‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 7:30‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎءﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻢﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾﻋﻨﺪ ‪00.7‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 8‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً ﻓﻲ ‪C‬‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺡ‪.‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍءﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 10‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻴﺎ‪ ً.‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫‪31.00‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺑﺒﻂء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪30.50‬‬
‫‪00.39‬ﺝ‬
‫‪30.00‬‬
‫‪32.00‬‬
‫‪29.50‬‬
‫‪31.50‬‬
‫‪29.00‬‬ ‫‪31.00‬‬
‫‪01.55‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪30.50‬‬
‫‪28.50‬‬
‫‪00.32‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪01.40‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬
‫‪28.00‬‬ ‫‪00.82‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪00.65‬ﺝ‬
‫‪29.50‬‬
‫‪27.50‬‬ ‫‪29.00‬‬
‫‪28.50‬‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬

‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬

‫‪13:00:01‬‬

‫‪14:00:01‬‬

‫‪15:00:01‬‬

‫‪16:00:01‬‬

‫‪17:00:01‬‬

‫‪18:00:01‬‬

‫‪19:00:01‬‬

‫‪20:00:01‬‬

‫‪21:00:01‬‬

‫‪22:00:00‬‬

‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬
‫‪1:00:00‬‬
‫‪2:00:00‬‬
‫‪3:00:00‬‬
‫‪4:00:00‬‬
‫‪5:00:00‬‬
‫‪6:00:00‬‬
‫‪7:00:00‬‬
‫‪8:00:00‬‬
‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫‪28.00‬‬
‫‪27.50‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ )ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻮﺱ(‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 8‬ﺩ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 8‬ﺏ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 9‬ﺃ( ﻭ )ﺏ( )ﺝ( ﻭ )ﺩ(‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 9‬ﺃ( ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 8‬ﺏ( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫‪01.55‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ .‬ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪041.73‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ‪C‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﻆ‪ C‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻭ ‪ 9.45‬ﻣﺴﺎء‪ ً.‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 2.45‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ )ﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ( ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ‪01.73‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 7.30‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪0C 0.21‬ﻗﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ‪036.44‬ﺝ ﻭ ‪041.37‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ 10‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂﻓﺮﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ‪0C 7.86‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 4.45‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﻭﺃﺩﻧﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪C 0.63‬‬ ‫‪0.97‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪0‬ﺝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 10‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ ﻭ ‪ 12‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫‪0‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 8.30‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪01.16‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ‪ C‬ﻓﻲ ‪ 7.45‬ﻣﺴﺎء ً)ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 8‬ﺝ((‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻔﻴﻦﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎ ًﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪0C 6.85‬ﺝ ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1:00‬ﻓﻲ ‪t‬ﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ‪ 8‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺴﺎء ً)ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 9‬ﺏ((‪.‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ‪ 5.30‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪0‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ‪ C‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪31.50‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ 4.15‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪31.00‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓﻇﻬﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺎءﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪04.74‬‬ ‫‪00.97‬ﺝ‬
‫‪30.50‬‬

‫ﺝ)ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 9‬ﺝ((‪ .‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬

‫‪00.85‬ﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎً ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪29.50‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺃﺻﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪29.00‬‬

‫‪00.90‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪28.50‬‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬

‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬

‫‪13:00:01‬‬

‫‪14:00:01‬‬

‫‪15:00:01‬‬

‫‪16:00:01‬‬

‫‪17:00:01‬‬

‫‪18:00:01‬‬

‫‪19:00:01‬‬

‫‪20:00:01‬‬

‫‪21:00:01‬‬

‫‪22:00:00‬‬

‫‪23:00:01‬‬

‫‪28.00‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬

‫‪1:00:00‬‬

‫‪2:00:00‬‬

‫‪3:00:00‬‬

‫‪4:00:00‬‬

‫‪5:00:00‬‬

‫‪6:00:00‬‬

‫‪7:00:00‬‬

‫‪8:00:00‬‬

‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫‪27.50‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ )ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬

‫‪10:00:02‬‬
‫‪11:00:01‬‬
‫‪12:00:01‬‬
‫‪13:00:01‬‬
‫‪14:00:01‬‬
‫‪15:00:01‬‬
‫‪16:00:01‬‬
‫‪17:00:01‬‬
‫‪18:00:01‬‬
‫‪19:00:01‬‬
‫‪20:00:01‬‬
‫‪21:00:01‬‬
‫‪22:00:00‬‬
‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬
‫‪1:00:00‬‬
‫‪2:00:00‬‬
‫‪3:00:00‬‬
‫‪4:00:00‬‬
‫‪5:00:00‬‬
‫‪6:00:00‬‬
‫‪7:00:00‬‬
‫‪8:00:00‬‬
‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ )ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻮﺱ(‬

‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺭﻭﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 8‬ﺝ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻮﺱ(‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪) 8‬ﺩ( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔﻣﻦ ‪ 1.30‬ﻣﺴﺎء ًﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 1.15‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎً‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫‪39.00‬‬ ‫‪44.00‬‬

‫‪38.00‬‬
‫‪42.00‬‬
‫‪37.00‬‬
‫‪40.00‬‬
‫‪02.11‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪00.24‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪36.00‬‬
‫‪01.21‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪35.00‬‬ ‫‪38.00‬‬

‫‪34.00‬‬
‫‪36.00‬‬
‫‪33.00‬‬
‫‪34.00‬‬
‫‪00.42‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪31.00‬‬ ‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬
‫‪30.00‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫‪WhiteRoof‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫‪WhiteRoof‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 9‬ﺩ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬
‫‪11:00:01‬‬
‫‪12:00:01‬‬
‫‪13:00:01‬‬
‫‪14:00:01‬‬
‫‪15:00:01‬‬
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‫‪20:00:01‬‬
‫‪21:00:01‬‬
‫‪22:00:00‬‬
‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫‪0:00:00‬‬
‫‪1:00:00‬‬
‫‪2:00:00‬‬
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‫‪7:00:00‬‬
‫‪8:00:00‬‬
‫‪9:00:00‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 9‬ﺃ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ '‬

‫‪10:00:02‬‬
‫‪11:00:01‬‬
‫‪12:00:01‬‬
‫‪13:00:01‬‬
‫‪14:00:01‬‬
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‫‪20:00:01‬‬
‫‪21:00:01‬‬
‫‪22:00:00‬‬
‫‪23:00:01‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ‬

‫‪0:00:00‬‬
‫‪1:00:00‬‬
‫‪2:00:00‬‬
‫‪3:00:00‬‬
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‫‪6:00:00‬‬
‫‪7:00:00‬‬
‫‪8:00:00‬‬
‫‪9:00:00‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻒﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ‪C.‬‬
‫(‪)degreecelcius‬‬

‫‪to average indoor air temperature recorded for all roofs.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪(٪) RH ،‬‬

‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫‪44.00‬‬
‫‪indoor relative humidity patterns are proportional‬‬
‫‪42.00‬‬
‫‪humidity for all roofs is shown in Fig. 10 )b(, )c( and )d(. The‬‬
‫‪40.00‬‬
‫‪indoor air temperature. The difference in average indoor relative‬‬ ‫‪C06.85‬‬
‫‪38.00‬‬
‫‪at all times especially during the afternoon hours due to higher‬‬ ‫‪C04.39‬‬ ‫‪36.00‬‬

‫‪for black bare roof was lower than the other two types of roof‬‬ ‫‪C02.16‬‬ ‫‪C01.67‬‬ ‫‪34.00‬‬

‫‪pattern for all types of roof. Average indoor relative humidity‬‬ ‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪humidity. Fig. 10 )a( shows the average indoor relative humidity‬‬ ‫‪30.00‬‬

‫‪in which higher air temperature results in lower relative‬‬

‫‪humidity is inversely proportional to indoor air temperature‬‬ ‫(‪Time )hour‬‬
‫‪Indoor relative‬‬
‫‪Green Roof‬‬ ‫‪Bare Roof‬‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬

‫‪11:00:01‬‬

‫‪12:00:01‬‬

‫‪13:00:01‬‬

‫‪14:00:01‬‬

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‫‪Fig. 9 )b( Comparison of average indoor surface temperature between‬‬

‫‪85.00‬‬
‫‪black bare roof and green roof for six days’ reading‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫‪80.00‬‬
‫‪75.00‬‬
‫)ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺉﻮﻳﺔ(‬

‫‪44.00‬‬
‫‪70.00‬‬
‫‪65.00‬‬ ‫‪42.00‬‬

‫‪60.00‬‬ ‫‪04.74‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪40.00‬‬

‫‪55.00‬‬
‫‪50.00‬‬ ‫‪03.17‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪38.00‬‬

‫‪45.00‬‬ ‫‪36.00‬‬
‫‪40.00‬‬ ‫‪01.77‬ﺝ‬ ‫‪34.00‬‬
‫‪02.29‬ﺝ‬
‫‪32.00‬‬

‫‪30.00‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫‪WhiteRoof‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 10‬ﺃ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ '‬
‫‪WhiteRoof‬‬
‫‪10:00:02‬‬
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‫ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 9‬ﺝ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‪ .‬ﺝﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫(‪)degreecelcius‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍءﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺉﻲ ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ‪.‬‬

‫(‪)degreecelcius‬‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻀﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺰﻋﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫‪75.00‬‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻞ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻺﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫‪70.00‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊﺷﻚ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬

‫‪65.00‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻔﺾ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻈﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ‬
‫‪60.00‬‬

‫ﻋﻦﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺴﺦ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻀﻊ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫‪55.00‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ‬ ‫‪50.00‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ(‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪45.00‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ‬ ‫‪40.00‬‬

‫ﺻﺤﻴﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪.‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ)ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ(‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺮﻭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍءﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﻊ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
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‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 10‬ﺏ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎءﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ(‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪(٪) RH ،‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫‪85.00‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫‪80.00‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺬﺃﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ(‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫‪75.00‬‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎًﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪70.00‬‬

‫ﺧﻠﻖﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫‪65.00‬‬
‫‪60.00‬‬
‫ﻟﻢﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ(‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‬
‫‪55.00‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪50.00‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫‪45.00‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ ‫‪40.00‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ( ﺑﺎﻹ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫ﺃﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
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‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻳﺮﻭﻭﻑ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒﻣﻤﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ )ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ( ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪Teknologi MARA‬‬

‫‪ Universiti‬ﻭ ‪ Universiti Sains Malaysia‬ﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 10‬ﺝ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪(٪) RH ،‬‬

‫ﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪85.00‬‬
‫‪80.00‬‬
‫‪75.00‬‬
‫‪70.00‬‬
‫ﺹﺍﻟﺠﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫‪65.00‬‬

‫‪.‬ﺹ‪ ، ISBN: 0-19-284097-5 2004 ، 4‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﺍً ‪،‬‬ ‫‪60.00‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻛﺴﻔﻮﺭﺩ ‪]1[ OM Maslin )2004( ،‬‬ ‫‪55.00‬‬

‫]‪ [2‬ﻣﺎﻧﺎﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺱ‪ ، .‬ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭ ﺟﻴﻪ )‪ .(1979‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪50.00‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺥﻣﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ‪.493-491 ، (5738) 282 ،‬‬ ‫‪45.00‬‬
‫‪40.00‬‬

‫]‪ [3‬ﺷﻤﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻱ )‪ .(2007‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ‪23‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‪ ، 2007‬ﻣﻦ ‪http://news.yahoo.com‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺹ‪ ISBN: 0750665440 2005 ، 5-1‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻝ ‪]4[ PFSmith )2005( ،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)ﺳﺎﻋﺔ(‬

‫]‪ [5‬ﺟﻴﻬﻮﺗﻮﻥ )‪ ، (2004‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪WhiteRoof‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻒﺃﺧﻀﺮ‬
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‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻛﺎﻣﺒﺮﻳﺪﺝ‪ .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻝ ‪ ، ISBN: 0-521-81762-5 2004‬ﺹ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪) 10‬ﺩ( ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫‪.9‬‬
‫]‪ [6‬ﺳﺎﺗﻴﺶ ﻙ‪ (2008) .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪Malaysia، Issue 3 .‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫‪.Impak، Putrajaya، Department of Environment‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪(٪) RH ،‬‬

‫]‪ [7‬ﺇﻳﺒﻴﺸﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ ، .‬ﺟﺎﻛﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﺗﻴﻨﺰﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ .(2007) .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﺉﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪2007‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪.‬ﻧﻘﺎﺵ‬
‫‪ ECEEE‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ • ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ!‬
‫ﺃﻛﺪﺕﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫]‪ [8‬ﻭﻳﺮﺛﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻲ )‪ - Green Roof .(2007‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪Associates‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪ Michael Van Valkenburgh‬ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ(‪ .‬ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﻨﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪،‬ﺹ ‪.18‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﻫﻮﺍء ًﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓﺳﻄﺤﺎً ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬

‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﻳﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫‪: Timber Press ، pp. 21‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻼﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺭﻳﻐﻮﻥ ‪]9[ Snodgrass، EC، & McIntyre، L. )2010(.‬‬

‫]‪ [10‬ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ‪ .(2007) .‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺪﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ]‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ[‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ‪ 17‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ‪ 2007‬ﻣﻦ ‪/greenroofintro.html‬‬
‫‪http://www.livingroofs.org/livingpages‬‬
‫‪.‬ﺹ‪ ISBN: 0-88192-640-X 2004، 4-2.‬ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺸﺎﺏ‪.‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻝ ‪]11[ N. Dunnett & N.Kingsbury ،‬‬
‫]‪[12‬ﺇﻳﻮﻣﻮﺭﻓﻮﺑﻮﻟﻮ ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺭﺍﻓﺎﻧﺘﻴﻨﻮﺱ ‪" ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﺳﻘﻒﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻥ "ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 27 .‬ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ ‪ ، 1998‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪، 36-29‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻯ‪S0378- 7788 )97( 00023-6 / 10.1016:‬‬

‫]‪[13‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪ "،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭ"‬
‫‪A. ، Niachou et al. ،‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 33 .‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ‪ ، 2001‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪، 729-719‬ﺩﻭﻯ‪S0378-7788 )01( 00062-7 / 10.1016 :‬‬
‫]‪- [14‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ‪" ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﻴﺮﻱ ﻟﺤﺪﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ‪ "،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ، 33‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ ‪ ، 2001‬ﺹ ‪ ، 666S.Onmura ، 653‬ﺩﻭﻯ‪:‬‬
‫‪S0378-7788 )00( 00134-1 / 10.1016‬‬
‫]‪ [15‬ﻧﻴﻮﻙ ﻫﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ ، .‬ﺑﻮﺍﻱ ﻳﻮﻙ ‪ ،‬ﺕ‪ ، .‬ﻭﻳﻮ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻲ )‪ .(2007‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺓﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺉﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ ‪، (1) 42 ،‬‬
‫‪.54-25‬‬
‫]‪ [16‬ﺟﺎﻓﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺰﻭﻳﺞ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮﺟﺎﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﻛﻴﻒ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ‪.‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ .(2005) .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾﻭﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻭﻙ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ ، 5 :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪waset.org/Publication/3595 2011 ، 4 :‬‬

‫ﺗﺨﻀﻴﺮﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﻨﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ‪.6-4 ،‬‬

‫‪.‬ﻋﻠﻰﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺛﻴﻨﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ‪، (1) 33 ،‬‬
‫‪، J.، Matthopoulos، D.، & Mihalakakou، G. )2008(. 177-173‬‬
‫‪[ Spala، A.، Bagiorgas، HS، Assimakopoulos، MN، Kalavrouziotis‬‬
‫‪]17‬‬
‫]‪ [18‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﺭﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﻤﺪﺍﻥ ﺃ‪ .(2009) .‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ )‪.(SAUD 2009‬‬

‫‪: Timber Press ، pp31.‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬ﺑﻮﺭﺗﻼﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺭﻳﻐﻮﻥ ‪]19[ Snodgrass، EC، & McIntyre، L. )2010(.‬‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪2011 (4) 5‬‬