Project On Child Labour - Business Studies Class 12

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Project On Child Labour – Business Studies Class 12

 Vaishakh  November 29, 2021  CBSE 12th Commerce, Business Studies
Contents [hide]
CHILD LABOUR
INTRODUCTION
Work that deprives them of their childhood, interfaces with their ability to attend regular school, and is
mentally, physically, socially, or morally dangerous and harmful comes under child labor. Legislatures

https://hscprojects.com/project-on-child-labour-business-studies-class-12/ 1/14
across the world prohibit child labor as a predominant feature in Indian Society. The 2011 National census
of India found the total number of child laborers, aged 5-14 to be 435 million, and the total child
population to be 259.64 million in that age group. The 2011 national Census of India found the total
number of child laborers aged 5-14 to be 4.35 million, and the total child population to be 259.64 million
in that age group. As per the child labor prohibition and regulation Act,1986, amended in 2016 a ‘child’ is
defined as any person below the age of 14 and the CLPR Act prohibits employment of a child in any
employment including as domestic help. It is a cognizable criminal offense to employ a child for any work
DEFINITION
the term ‘child labor suggests ILd is best defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their
potential, and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.it refers to work
whose schedule interferes with their ability to attend regular school or work that affects in any manner
their ability to focus during the war. India’s Census 2001office defines child labor as the participation of a
childless that is 17 years of age in any economically productive activity with or without compensation,
wages, or profit. Such participation could be physical or mental or both. This work includes part-time help
or unpaid work on the frame, family enterprise, or in any other economic activity such as cultivation and
milk production for sale or domestic consumption.
HISTORY
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
During the ‘Industrial Revolution’, children, as young as four, were employed in production factories with
dangerous and often fatal working conditions. The use of children as laborers is now considered by
wealthy countries a human rights violation, and is outlawed with some poorer countries may allow or
tolerate child labor
HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES
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The Homebasedmanufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children in tedious work
poverty and misery were common factors responsible for the situation.
21st CENTURY
Child Labour is still common in many parts of the world. Estimates for child labor vary of ranges from250
from 304 million if children aged 5-227 involved in any economic activity are counted and light occasional
work is excluded ILOestimated three were 153 million child laborers aged 5-14 worldwide in 2008
BONDED CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA
Bonded Child Labour is a system of forced, labor under which the child or child’s parents agree, oral or
written, with a creditor. The child performs work as in-kind repayment of credit. In in1977, India passed
legislation that prohibits solicitation or use of bonded labor by anyone or anyone including children.
Evidence of continuing bonded child labor continues. According to a TLO report, the extent of bonded
child labor is difficult to determine, but estimates from various social activist groups range up to 3,50,000
in 2001.
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AREAS WHERE CHILD LABOUR IS EXERCISED

Diamond Industry 
Fireworks manufacture
Silk manufacture
Carpet weaving
Domestic labor
Mining
CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR

Child labor is caused by seven factors. Some of them include
POVERTY
Children who come from poor families may be forced to work to support their siblings and parents or
supplement the household income when expenses are more than the parent’s earnings. It is a huge
problem, especially in developing countries where parents are unable to generate income due to the
lack of employment opportunities or education children can be found employed in mines or hawking in
the streets to earn money.
LOW ASPIRATION
Low aspiration by parents and children is a major cause of child labor because in such a situation, being
employed in a local factory or selling groceries in the streets is the normal way of life.to these types of
children and parents, success only belongs to a certain region or group of people. They do not aspire to
become professionals in society or great entrepreneurs. It is a mindset that forms the very foundation of
child labor.
HUGE DEMAND FOR UNSKILLED LABOUR
Children are mostly unskilled and provide a cheap source of labor, making them an attractive option for
many greedy employers. Child labor increases the margin of profits for such entrepreneurs whose only
objective is profit maximization even if it comes at the expense of ethics and good business practices.
these types of employers can also force children to work under unfavorable conditions through
manipulations
ILLITERACY
A society with many educated people understands the importance of going to school and pursuing
dreams. Children have the ability and time to become whatever they aspire to be. illiteracy, on the other
hand, makes it difficult for many people to understand the importance of education. Illiterate people
view education as a preserve of the privilege in the society
EARLY MARRIAGES
Marrying at an early age is a major contributing factor to overpopulation. young parents can have a lot
of children because they remain fertile for a long time. Having many children with little or no resources
to support them leads to child labor. older children are forced to work to help their parents support the
family

HIGH COST OF EDUCATION
Quality education is expensive . For too many parents who live in abject poverty, priority is given to
providing food for the family because education is too expensive to afford especially when there are
many children to pay school fees for. Instead of letting children stay at home because there is a lack of
many to send them to school, parents opt to have them work as unskilled laborers to help support the
family.
OVERPOPULATION
There are limited resources and more mouths to feed. Children are employed in various forms of work.
As the population is increasing, people are finding it difficult to search for jobs. So, the people on or
below the poverty line find it difficult to have suitable jo that is why they encourage their children to
work.
URBANISATION
MNCs and export industries in the developing world employ child workers, particularly in garment
industries because it helps in reducing the cost of products which leads to more demand.
ORPHANS
Children born out of wedlock, children with no parents, and relatives often do not find anyone to
support them. Thus they are forced to work for survival.
WILLINGNESS TO EXPLOIT CHILDREN
Even if a family is very poor, the incidence of child labor will be very low unless people are willing to
exploit these children. Employees often justify the use of children by claiming that a child’s small hands
are vital for the production of certain products such as hand-knotted carpets and deligated glass-war,
although evidence for this is limited.
UNEMPLOYMENT OF HOLDERS
Elders often find it difficult to get jobs. These industrialists and factory owners find it perfect to employ
children. this is so because they can pay less and extract more work. They will not create any union
problems also because they are not able to form unions at an early age.
CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR

Child labor has several negative impacts. Some of them include
LOSS OF QUALITY CHILDHOOD

Human beings need to enjoy every stage of their development. A child should play with friends and
make memories for a lifetime. Youths should explore life and form strong foundations that could define
their adult lives. Child labor, therefore, leads to the loss of quality childhood as children will be deprived
of the opportunity to enjoy the amazing experiences that come with being young.
HEALTH ISSUES
Child labor can also lead to health complications due to under-nourishment and poor working
conditions. It is highly unlikely that people who employ children also have the moral capacity to ensure
that they have good working conditions, working in places such as mines and badly conditioned factories
may result in lifetime health issues for children employed working in these places.
MENTAL TRAUMA
Issues such as bullying, sexual exploitation, and unfavorable working hours may result in mental trauma
in these children. They will find it hard to forget the because societal misfit because of bad childhood
experiences. Child Labour may also result in a lack of emotional growth and thus insensitivity.
ILLITERACY
Children that are employed do not have the time to go to school. They spend a lot of time in their
workstations as the days and years go by. the lack of education and illiteracy makes them individuals
with limited opportunities as far as employment is concerned. 
GROWTH EFFICIENCY
It is prevalent among working children who end to be shorter and weaker than other children these
deficiencies also impact their adult life.
HIV/AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
These diseases are widespread, among the one million children forced into prostitution every year,
pregnancy, drug addiction, and mental illness are also common among prostitutes.
EXHAUSTION AND MALNUTRITION

It is a result of underdeveloped children performing heavy manual labour, working long hours in
unbearable conditions, and not earning enough to feed themselves adequately.
SOLUTIONS TO CHILD LABOUR PROBLEMS
How can child labor be reduced or Completely Eradicated?

Every child born has the right to have dreams and pursue those dreams. even though the realization of
some of these aspirations may be limited by several challenges, it is still possible to overcome them and
achieve the highest levels of success. There is a need to involve various stakeholders to realize this
objective. These are some of how the problem of child labor can be addressed.
FREE EDUCATION
It is the key to eliminating child labor. Parents that do not have money for school fees can use this as an
opportunity to provide their children with an education.it has already proved to be a success in many
places around the globe and with more effort, the cases of child labor will be greatly reduced.
MORAL POLISHING
Child labor should not be entertained at all .it is legally and morally wrong. Children should not be
allowed to provide labor at the expense of getting an education and enjoying their childhood. Factory
owners, shopkeepers, and industries among others should not employ children. Society should be
educated on the negative impacts of child labor so that it becomes an issue that is frowned upon

whenever it occurs. this type of morale polishing would act as a deterrent to people who intend to
employ children and use them as a source of cheap labor.
CREATE DEMAND FOR SKILLED AND TRAINED WORKERS

Due to this, child labour cases will reduce since almost all child laborers fall under the unskilled worker
category.it will lead to adult employment as the demand for skilled labor rises establishing skill-based
learning centers, vocational training centers, and technical training institutes improves literacy and
contributes to the availability of skilled and trained workers in the job market.
AWARENESS
Parents should be made aware that sending their children to work has legal ramifications and the law
would take its cause if they are found to be aiding and abetting this vice.it is the ignorance among many
parents and members of society that makes them participate in child labour practices. Conducting a
campaign to create awareness about its harmful effects would eliminate the practice.
EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR PEOPLE

Empowering poor people through knowledge and income-generating projects would go a long way in
reducing cases of child labor education for parents is also a must to ensure that the rights of children
are not used as a source of labour.
CHILD LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA

The constitution of India in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of state policy prohibits
child labor below the age of 14 years in any factory or mine or engagement in any other hazardous
employment. the constitution also envisioned that India shall be 1960, provide infrastructure and
resources for free and compulsory education to all children of the age 6-14 years. India has a federal form
of government so child labor is a matter on which both the central government and state governments
can legislate. The major national legislative developments include the following
THE FACTORIES ACT OF 1948
The act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory. The act also
provided rules on who, when, and how long pre-adults aged 15-18 years can be employed in any factory.
THE MINES ACT OF 1952

It prohibits the employment of children below 18 years of age in a mine
THE CHILD LABOURACT OF 1986

This law prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations as 
identified by the law. This list was expanded in 2006 and again in 2008
THE JUVENILE JUSTICE OF CHILDREN ACT OF 2000

This law made it a crime punishable with a prison term, for anyone to procure or employ a child in any
hazardous employment or a bondage
THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT OF 2009

This law mandates free and compulsory education for all children aged 6-14 years. This legislation also
mandated that 25% of seats in every private school must be allocated for children from disadvantaged
groups and physically challenged children.
INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD LABOUR

India has all along followed a proactive policy on the matter of tackling the problem of child labor India
has always stood for constitutional and statutory development measures required for eliminating child
labor. the Indian constitution has consciously incorporated provisions to secure compulsory universal
elementary education as well as labor protection for child labor commissions in Inda have gone into
problems of child labor. The constitution of Inda also provides certain rights to children and prohibits
child labour.
In 1979, the Indian government formed the Gurupadswamy Committee to find out about child labour
and the means to tackle it
The Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act was enacted based on the recommendations of the
committee in 1986.
A national policy on child labour was formulated in 1987 to focus on the reliability of children working in
hazardous occupations
The ministry of labour and Employment had implemented around 100 industry-specific national Child
Labour Projects to rehabilitate child workers since 1988.
The child labour prohibition and Regulation Act is a piece of legislation that prohibits the engagement of
children in certain employment and regulates the conditions of work for children.
the national policy in child labour seeks to adopt a sequential approach with a focus on the
rehabilitation of children working in hazardous occupations and processes in the first instance.
The ministry of labour and employment functions to provide and supervise a range of policies
concerning child labour in India.
NGOs such as Care India, Child Rights, and You, Global march against child labour have been
implemented to combat child labour through education and accessibility to resources.
NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS

Many NGOs like Bachpan Andolan, CARE INDIA, Child Rights and You, Global March against child labour,
RideIndia, etc. have been working to eradicate child labour in India. Pratham is India’s largest Non-
government not organization with the mission ‘Energy Child in school and learning well. Starting in 1994
Pratham has aimed to reduce child labour and offer school to children irrespective of their gender,
religion, and social background. It has introduced low-cost education models that are sustainable and
reproducible. In 2005, Pratham was involved in coordinating a child labour rescue operation with India’s
Ministry of labour and police, when around 500 children were rescued from zari’s sweatshops in New
Delhi. The problem of child labor in India is so huge that it depends on support and contribution from
every part of society to completely eradicate this problem. In recent times, govt have taken some concrete
steps for improving the situation of child laborers. Providing free education, encouraging parents to send
their kids to schools with awareness campaigns and allocation of funds towards child health and
development, etc. are some of the steps taken by the state. among the UN organizations, UNICEF has
remained instrumental in initiating several steps against child labor.UNICEF has been well supported by
civil society organizations and NGOs are working t improve the situation in this field. these, NGOs focus on
different problems concerning child labour let’s have a look at some of the top NGOs dealing with the
menace of child labour.
World Vision India, New Delhi
Action Aid India, New Delhi
Concerned about working Against Child labour, New Delhi 

Child Rights and You (CRY), Mumbai
CREDA (Centre for Rural Education and Development Action), Uttar Pradesh
CARE India, New Delhi
We cannot undermine the huge role played by NGOs in handling child labor issues. Specific NGO’sfocus on
certain areas of improvement for instance, if Action Aid Inda Concentrates on child Education and on-
street and working children then CRY target underprivileged children who don’t have basic resources to
sustain themselves.NGOs are resources to sustain themselves.NGOs are carrying out child development
activities all over India. Some children educational NGOs engage themselves in offering free education to
poor kids they teach children living in slums. Quite a few NGO”’sfocus on girls’ education.it has been
witnessed that girls are made to work whereas the boy child is allowed to study but that needs to be
charged. So community organizations seek to improve the quality of life of socially disadvantaged girls
with the sheep of health, education, and social mobilization, NGOs are helping street children in different
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parts of the country.
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CONCLUSION
Child labour is not just an affront to the rights of a child but also a symbol of a society that has lost its way.
We should therefore all strive to ensure that the fundamental rights of children are protected and that
they are accorded the opportunity to go after their dreams and aspirations. The future is much bright with
the younger generation having a good foundation for success. The state of Education in India also needs
to be improved. High literacy and dropout rates are reflective of the inadequacy of the educational
system. Poverty plays a role in the ineffectiveness of the educational system. Dropout rates are high
because children are forced to work to support their families. The attitudes of the people also contribute
to the lack of environment parents feel that work develops skills that can be used to earn an income, while
education does not help in this matter. Compulsory education may be helpful regarding these attitudes.
The examples of Sri Lanka and Kerala show that compulsory education has worked in these areas. There
are differences between Sri Lanka, Kerala, and the rest of India. Child labour cannot be eliminated by
focusing on one determinant, for example; Education, or by the brutal enforcement of child labour law.
the government of Inda must ensure that the needs of the poor are filled before attacking child labour. If
poverty is addressed, the need for child labour will automatically diminish.No matter how hard India tries,
child labour always will exist until the need for it is removed. The development of India as a nation is 
being hampered by Child labour. Children are growing up illiterate because they have been working and
not attending school. A cycle of poverty is formed and the need for child labour is reborn after every
generation. Indias need to address the situation by tackling the underlying causes of child labour through
governmental policies and the enforcement of these policies. Only then will India succeed In the fight
against child Labour. The innocence of a child should never be taken away to make the lives of adults
easier.it is both unfair and morally unacceptable.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that BHANU of Class XII -C of commerce of Ryan International School, New Delhi has
completed his project file under my supervision .he has taken proper care mad shown utmost sincerity in
the completion of this project. I certify that his project is up to my expectations and as per the guidelines
issued by CBSE
Ms. Sonia Ahluwalia

Commerce Dept
Ryan International School
Vasant Kunj
New Delhi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very thankful to my Business Studies teacher ms Sonia Ahluwalia who helped me in qualifying the
deep concepts of the subject and gave me valuable suggestions and guidance for the completion of my
project. She helped me to understand and remember important details of the project. She gave me her
full guidance in the completion of my project successfully
DOWNLOAD PDF OF THE PROJECT
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Password: hscprojects.com
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5/14/23, 7:04 PM Project On Child Labour - Business Studies Class 12

UNLOCK & DOWNLOAD the EDITABLE PDF Project by Following on

Project On Child Labour – Business Studies Class 12

milk production for sale or domestic consumption.

tolerate child labor

BONDED CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

McAfee® Total Protection 2023

AREAS WHERE CHILD LABOUR IS EXERCISED

CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR

HUGE DEMAND FOR UNSKILLED LABOUR

HIGH COST OF EDUCATION

WILLINGNESS TO EXPLOIT CHILDREN

although evidence for this is limited.

CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR

Child labor has several negative impacts. Some of them include

LOSS OF QUALITY CHILDHOOD

deficiencies also impact their adult life.

HIV/AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES

EXHAUSTION AND MALNUTRITION

unbearable conditions, and not earning enough to feed themselves adequately.

SOLUTIONS TO CHILD LABOUR PROBLEMS

How can child labor be reduced or Completely Eradicated?

employ children and use them as a source of cheap labor.

CREATE DEMAND FOR SKILLED AND TRAINED WORKERS

EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR PEOPLE

CHILD LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA

THE FACTORIES ACT OF 1948

THE MINES ACT OF 1952

THE CHILD LABOURACT OF 1986

THE JUVENILE JUSTICE OF CHILDREN ACT OF 2000

THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT OF 2009

INITIATIVES AGAINST CHILD LABOUR

Labour Projects to rehabilitate child workers since 1988.

NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS

menace of child labour.

World Vision India, New Delhi

Action Aid India, New Delhi

Concerned about working Against Child labour, New Delhi 

Child Rights and You (CRY), Mumbai

CARE India, New Delhi

Ms. Sonia Ahluwalia

Ryan International School

DOWNLOAD PDF OF THE PROJECT

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