‫‪Benzoic acid‬‬

‫اعداد‪ :‬صادق حامد طعيمه‬

‫عباس عامر حسن‬

‫علي عصام صادق‬
‫عامر خيون وسمي‬
‫علي عباس هاتف‬
‫سجاد حسين كاظم‬

‫‪Group: C‬‬
Introduction
Benzoic acid refers to a white solid and is a simple aromatic
carboxylic acid. The name benzoic acid is from the word gum
benzoin, which was its sole source for the longest time. It is found
naturally in plants and acts as an immediate biosynthetic for a large
number of secondary metabolites. Benzoic acid also contains a salt
that is used to preserve food. Benzoic acid is found in yogurt, apples,
strawberries, plums, and cranberries. In some foods, benzoic acid
may leave an unpleasant aftertaste described as burning or peppery.
Benzoic acid formula: C7H6O2building the structure of benzoic acid
is complex and its molecule consists of a ring known as a benzene
ring and a carboxyl group attached to it. Benzoic acid consists of 15
atoms of which 7 are carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms, and 2
hydrogen atoms.

Physical Properties:
• In a solid state, benzoic acid is a colorless solid with a crystalline
appearance.
• It has a faint and pleasant odor.
• The density of benzoic acid at 15℃ is 1.266 g/cm³.
• The melting point is 395 K, while its boiling point is 523 K.
• The crystal benzoic acid structure is monoclinic.
• Benzoic acid has a crystalline nature.
Chemical Properties:
• It has a high solubility in hot water while poor solubility in cold
water.
• It can easily dissolve in organic solvents like acetone, benzene,
alcohol, liquid ammonia, ether, CCl₄, etc.
• The acid dissociation constant, i.e., pKa, of benzoic acid is 4.2 in
water.
• It shows many reactions like nitration, halogenation, and
sulfonation and gives their respective substituted products.
• The carboxyl group can undergo reactions such as forming acid
halides, esters, and salts.

Benzoic acid uses:

• Benzoic acid can be used in different places as well
• Benzoic acid is used in the process of manufacturing phenol.
• Benzoic acid is also used in the production of various ointments
that can treat any type of fungal infection of the skin.
• It is also used as a source of preservation by the food industry.
• It is also an important ingredient in many cosmetic products
such as lipsticks and lip glosses.
• It is also used as a precursor to benzoyl chloride
• Benzoic acid is a major ingredient in face washes, toothpaste,
and mouthwashes.
• It is also used in the manufacture of insect repellents and dyes.
Benzoic Acid uses in Pharmacy:
Benzoic acid is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a
preservative drug. It is present in various baby products, nail and hair
products, skin products, bath products and is preferred by many
doctors. It is also referred to as antifungal, antimicrobial and is also
present in capsule form.

Amie of experiment: determine melting points of benzoic acids and

percentage of benzoic acid

Tools: -

Breaker, balance, filter paper, Capillary tube, Bio cote

Material: benzoic acid

Procedure:
1. weight sample of benzoic acid.
2. close one side of capillary tube by heating.
3. put the benzoic acid in capillary tube.
4. put the capillary in bio cot.
5. after few minutes the particles of benzoic acid melted.
6. measure the melting point.
Calculation
N= wt/mt = 0.4/122 = 0.0032

% = actual/ theoretical * 100%

= 0.0032/2 * 100%

= 0.16% of Benzoic acid

Melting point = 130 C

Discussion
What’s affects of melting point?

the melting point depends on the energy it takes to overcome the

forces between the molecules, or the intermolecular forces, holding
them in the lattice. The stronger the intermolecular forces are, the
more energy is required, so the higher the melting point is.

How to determine the melting point of benzoic acid in the

laboratory?

Check if the capillary tube holding the benzoic acid is exactly in the
middle of the groove. Place the Aluminium block on a tripod stand
above the kerosene burner and start heating the block with the
burner. Keep continuous watch of the temperature and note the
temperature as soon as the substance starts to melt.

Why does benzoic acid melt?

Because it is a very non-polar molecule, with only carbon-carbon and

carbon-hydrogen bonds.