Ch. 12 Eoc Review

Ch.
12 EOC Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith’s transformation experiment?

a. live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
b. live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
c. live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
d. live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
____ 2. Griffith called the process he observed transformation because
a. the mouse had been transformed.
b. the harmful bacteria had been transformed.
c. the harmless bacteria had been transformed.
d. the experiment had been transformed.
____ 3. What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
a. DNA was the transforming factor.
b. A protein was the transforming factor.
c. A carbohydrate was the transforming factor.
d. A lipid was the transforming factor.
____ 4. What happened when Griffith injected mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria alone?
a. The bacteria transformed.
b. The mouse lived.
c. The mouse died.
d. The bacteria died.
____ 5. What would have happened if Avery had added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture of
heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless bacteria, and injected the mixture into mice?
a. The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have died.
b. The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
c. The harmless bacteria would not have been transformed, and the mice would have died.
d. The harmless bacteria would have been transformed, and the mice would have lived.
____ 6. What property of DNA does bacterial transformation illustrate?
a. Bacterial DNA cannot move into other bacteria and function.
b. Bacterial DNA can move into another bacteria and function.
c. Bacterial DNA uses four nucleotides bases that work in pairs.
d. Bacterial DNA is found in a circular chromosome.
____ 7. Griffith’s experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that
a. there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism
to another.
b. bacteria can make people sick by infecting them with a chemical that contains genetic
information.
c. the bacteria that can make mice sick are the same bacteria that can be grown in culture
dishes in a laboratory.
d. genetic information can be passed from parents to their offspring during sexual
reproduction.
____ 8. What is inside a bacteriophage?
a. protein
b. nucleic acid
c. lipid
d. carbohydrate
____ 9. What do bacteriophages infect?
a. mice.
b. humans.
c. viruses.
d. bacteria.
____ 10. Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur?
a. DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
b. Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur.
c. DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous.
d. Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.
Figure 12–1
____ 11. Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 12–1 contains genetic material?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
____ 12. What stores information in a cell?
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. DNA
____ 13. What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?
a. Genetic information is stored.
b. Genetic information is copied.
c. Genetic information is lost.
d. Genetic information is transmitted.
____ 14. In what way is DNA like a book?
a. DNA has information organized with an kind of index.
b. DNA has stored information, that can be copied and passed on.
c. DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover.
d. DNA has information that is periodically updated.
____ 15. In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important?
a. nerve cells
b. skin cells
c. sex cells
d. bone cells
Figure 12–2
____ 16. Figure 12–2 shows the structure of

a. a DNA molecule.
b. an amino acid.
c. a RNA molecule.
d. a protein.
____ 17. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. adenine + phosphate group + thymine
b. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
____ 18. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of
a. adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules.
b. thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
c. adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules.
d. cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules.
Nitrogenous Bases (%)

A G T C
Human 19.9 29.4
Chicken 28.8 21.5
Bacterium 2
(S. lutea) 13.4
Figure 12–3
____ 19. The table in Figure 12–3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of
several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the
percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around
a. 28.8%
b. 19.9%
c. 21.5%
d. 13.4%
____ 20. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentage of cytosine in the DNA of the bacterium, S. Lutea in Figure 12–3,
should be around
a. 26.6%.
b. 73.2%.
c. 36.6%.
d. 29.4%.
____ 21. What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?
a. The bases are both short.
b. They lack phosphate groups.
c. They lack the deoxyribose group.
d. The bases are both long.
____ 22. DNA makes a good molecule for storing information because
a. its bases can be joined together in any order, like the letters of the alphabet can be strung
to form different words.
b. each nucleotide within a DNA strand can give a cell different information, and there are
many nucleotides in every cell.
c. it can absorb ultraviolet light, so DNA can help protect cells from the damaging effects
of this form of radiation.
d. it is a type of nucleic acid, and most acids are an important part of information storage
within cells.
____ 23. Which of the following best describes Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to our understanding of the structure
of DNA?
a. She created many models of DNA based on what was known about its properties, and
eventually figured out that the structure of DNA is a double helix.
b. She purified large amounts of DNA, stretched the fibers so the strands were parallel, and
used an X-ray beam to produce an image of the molecule.
c. She isolated DNA from many different organisms, and discovered that in every sample,
the amount of guanine was almost exactly equal to the amount of cytosine.
d. She used radioactive phosphorus and sulfur to produce radioactive viruses, then allowed
these viruses to infect bacteria. She found that DNA was the transforming material.
____ 24. Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by
a. producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays.
b. figuring out that DNA strands form a double helix.
c. conducting experiments that showed which nucleotides are complementary.
d. finding that DNA was nucleic acid made up of a long chain of individual nucleotides.
____ 25. Which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff’s contribution to the study of DNA?
a. Chargaff hypothesized that DNA was a double helix, but he did not produce the image that
proved this fact.
b. Chargaff’s experiments conclusively proved that DNA was made of nucleotides, but he
could not show that there four types of nitrogenous bases.
c. Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in equal percentages in DNA, but
he did not know this was because of base-pairing.
d. Chargaff’s work proved that DNA could be made using radioactive nucleotides, but he did
not show that DNA could be transferred from one organism to another.
____ 26. Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix?
a. Hershey and Chase
b. Griffith
c. Watson and Crick
d. Franklin
____ 27. In the Hershey-Chase experiment, what happened to the bacteria that had been infected by viruses that had
radioactive DNA, and to the bacteria that had been infected with viruses that had been marked with
radioactive proteins?
a. The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The
bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins were not
radioactive.
b. The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive proteins had become radioactive.
The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive DNA were not
radioactive.
c. The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had become radioactive. The
bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins had also
became radioactive.
d. The bacteria infected with viruses that had radioactive DNA had not become radioactive.
The bacteria that had been infected with viruses marked with radioactive proteins had also
not become radioactive.
____ 28. Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?
a. Franklin
b. Chargaff
c. Watson
d. Avery
____ 29. What is the chronological order of the important discoveries in the structure of DNA?
a. Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA  Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides 
Watson and Crick identify the double helix
b. Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA  Watson and Crick identify the
double helix  Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides
c. Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides  Watson and Crick identify the double helix  Franklin
makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA
d. Chargaff’s ratios of nucleotides  Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA
 Watson and Crick identify the double helix
Figure 12–4
____ 30. The table in Figure 12–4 shows the percentages of bases in a DNA sample. How much Thymine should you
expect to find in the sample?
a. 22%
b. 24%
c. 28%
d. 44%
____ 31. What would happen to the percentage of G in Figure 12–4 if the percentage of A rose to 25%?
a. G would drop to 19%
b. G would drop to 25%
c. G would rise to 29%
d. G would rise to 32%
____ 32. Which of the following forms a base pair with thymine?
a. deoxyribose
b. adenine
c. guanine
d. cytosine
____ 33. What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the effort to identify the structure of DNA?
a. models made of cardboard and wire showing the shape of DNA
b. the ratios of the two sets of nucleotide pairs in DNA
c. radioactive evidence that DNA carried the genetic code
d. x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule
____ 34. Watson and Crick discovered the two strands in DNA
a. run in perpendicular directions.
b. run in the same direction.
c. run in opposite directions.
d. run in random directions.
____ 35. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two original strands.
____ 36. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
a. TCGAAC.
b. GATCCA.
c. AGCTTG.
d. GAUCCA.
____ 37. What enzyme works to add DNA to ends of chromosomes in rapidly dividing cells such as those found in an
embryo, to prevent genes from being lost during replication?
a. DNA polymerase
b. histones
c. telomerase
d. chromatin
____ 38. Which of the following include all the others?
a. DNA molecules
b. histones
c. chromosomes
d. nucleosomes
Figure 12–5
____ 39. In Figure 12–5, what nucleotide is going to be added at point 1, opposite from thymine?
a. adenine
b. thymine
c. cytosine
d. guanine
____ 40. In Figure 12–5, what is adding base pairs to the strand?
a. histones
b. nucleosomes
c. DNA polymerase
d. chromatin
____ 41. In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
b. floats freely in the cytoplasm.
c. is located in the ribosomes.
d. is circular.
____ 42. Which would be greater in a eukaryote than in a prokaryote?
a. The percentage of guanine nucleotides.
b. The total number of base pairs in a chromosome.
c. The number of replication forks on a strand of DNA.
d. The total amount of DNA in a cell.
____ 43. What binds to the prokaryotic chromosome to start DNA replication?
a. replication forks
b. regulatory proteins
c. chromatids
d. telomeres
____ 44. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
____ 45. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens
a. before cell division.
b. in the nucleus.
c. only to telomeres.
d. around the histones.
Other
Griffith’s Experiments
Figure 12–11
1. Interpret Visuals What process did Griffith identify in the series of experiments in Figure 12–11?
2. Compare and Contrast In which experiments in Figure 12–11 do the mice live?
3. Explain What happened to the bacteria and the mice in experiment 4, in Figure 12–11?
4. Predict What would happen if Griffith took some of the bacteria from Experiment 4 in Figure 12–11, grew
them on culture plates, killed them with heat, and mixed them with harmless bacteria? How could he test this
hypothesis?
5. Infer What can you infer about DNA and the bacterial cell membrane from Griffith’s experiments in Figure
12–11?
Figure 12–12
6. Interpret Tables In Figure 12–12, what do the A, T, G and C stand for?
7. Calculate In Figure 12–12, what percentage of thymine would you expect in yeast?
8. Calculate Approximately what percentage of adenine would you expect to find in herring in Figure 12–12?
9. Predict If the level of thymine in humans were 34 percent instead of 29.4, would you expect the levels of
guanine and cytosine to rise or fall, compared to the values in the table in Figure 12–12?
10. Relate Cause and Effect In the last row of Figure 12–12, notice that the values adenine and cytosine are very
different. If the value for adenine is high, does the value of cytosine have to be low? Explain your answer.
Figure 12–13
11. Interpret Visuals Who first did the experiments in Figure 12–13 and what did they confirm?
12. Infer Since both the protein and the DNA in Figure 12–13 were both radioactively labeled, how did the
scientists determine that DNA was the material that infects the cell?
13. Predict What would the scientists have found if protein in Figure 12–13 had been the carrier of genetic
information?
14. Infer In Griffith’s transformation experiments, the DNA from one organism had to function in another. Did
the DNA in the experiments in Figure 12–13 have to make new bacteriophages in the bacteria for the
scientists to draw their conclusion? Explain your answer.
15. Evaluate What is the benefit gained if the experiments in Figure 12–13 point to the same
conclusions that other scientists already established in other experiments?
Ch. 12 EOC Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 338 | p. 339

OBJ: 12.1.1 Summarize the process of bacterial transformation.
STA: SC.912.L.16.7 TOP: Foundation Edition
MSC: comprehension
2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 339
MSC: comprehension
3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 340
MSC: comprehension
4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 338 | p. 339
MSC: knowledge
5. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 340
STA: SC.912.L.16.7 MSC: evaluation
MSC: evaluation
MSC: comprehension
OBJ: 12.1.2 Describe the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material.
MSC: comprehension
9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 340
MSC: knowledge
MSC: comprehension
OBJ: 12.1.3 Identify the role of DNA in heredity. STA: SC.912.L.16.3
TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: knowledge
TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: comprehension
TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: evaluation
MSC: comprehension
OBJ: 12.2.1 Identify the chemical components of DNA. STA: SC.912.L.18.4
TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: analysis
OBJ: 12.2.2 Discuss the experiments leading to the identification of DNA as the molecule that carries the
genetic code. STA: SC.912.N.3.2 | SC.912.L.18.4 TOP: Foundation Edition
MSC: application
MSC: analysis
MSC: evaluation
TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: evaluation
genetic code. STA: SC.912.N.3.2 | SC.912.L.18.4 MSC: knowledge
MSC: comprehension
MSC: evaluation
MSC: comprehension
STA: SC.912.L.16.7 MSC: analysis
MSC: knowledge
29. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 345 | p. 346 | p. 347
MSC: analysis
MSC: application
MSC: evaluation
OBJ: 12.2.3 Describe the steps leading to the development of the double-helix model of DNA.
STA: SC.912.N.3.2 | SC.912.L.18.4 TOP: Foundation Edition
MSC: comprehension
MSC: comprehension
OBJ: 12.2.3 Describe the steps leading to the development of the double-helix model of DNA.
STA: SC.912.N.3.2 | SC.912.L.18.4 TOP: Foundation Edition
MSC: comprehension
35. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 338 | p. 339
OBJ: 12.3.1 Summarize the events of DNA replication. STA: SC.912.L.16.3 | SC.912.L.18.4
MSC: application
TOP: Foundation Edition MSC: application
MSC: synthesis
OBJ: 12.3.2 Compare DNA replication in prokaryotes with that of eukaryotes.
STA: SC.912.L.14.3 | SC.912.L.16.3 MSC: synthesis
MSC: analysis
STA: SC.912.L.14.3 | SC.912.L.16.3 TOP: Foundation Edition
MSC: knowledge
42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 352 | p. 353
MSC: analysis
STA: SC.912.L.14.3 | SC.912.L.16.3 MSC: knowledge
MSC: comprehension
MSC: comprehension
OTHER
1. ANS:
Bacterial transformation
PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 339

MSC: analysis
2. ANS:
The mice live in experiments 2 and 3.

MSC: analysis
3. ANS:
The harmless bacteria were transformed by the heat-killed bacteria, making the harmless bacteria deadly. The
mice that were injected with the mixture died.

MSC: synthesis
4. ANS:
The harmless bacteria would be transformed into disease-causing bacteria. To test this hypothesis, he could
inject the bacteria in to mice and see if the mice develop pneumonia, or he could grow them on plates and
observe the colonies that grow.
PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 338 | p. 339
5. ANS:
The bacterial cell membrane can somehow permit very large molecules like DNA to enter the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 338| p. 339

STA: SC.912.L.16.7 MSC: synthesis
6. ANS:
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

7. ANS:
32.9 percent

MSC: application
8. ANS:
27.4 percent

genetic code. STA: SC.912.N.3.2 | SC.912.L.18.4 MSC: analysis
9. ANS:
The values would both fall.

genetic code. STA: SC.912.N.3.2 | SC.912.L.18.4 MSC: evaluation
10. ANS:
Yes if A is high, C will be low. Adenine pairs with thymine. So, there will be as much thymine as there is
adenine. Together, A and T make up about 62 percent of the bases. That means only 38 percent of the bases
can be a combination of G and C. So, G and C are each only about 19 percent of the total.

genetic code. STA: SC.912.N.3.2 | SC.912.L.18.4 MSC: analysis
11. ANS:
The experiments were done by Hershey and Chase, and they confirmed that DNA was the genetic material
found in genes.

MSC: comprehension
12. ANS:
The DNA was labeled with 32P, and the protein was labeled with 35S. The two labels can be distinguished in
the lab.

MSC: analysis
13. ANS:
They would have found that the bacteria contained 35S.

MSC: application
14. ANS:
No, the DNA did not have to function and make new bacteria for Hershey and Chase to draw their conclusion.
The DNA was radioactively labeled, so they could detect it inside the bacteria, even if the DNA did not
function.

STA: SC.912.L.16.7 MSC: analysis
15. ANS:
These experiments confirm the result that Avery found: that genes are made of DNA. The conclusion is made
much stronger because it is reached through two very different sets of experiments.


Ch. 12 Eoc Review

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Ch.

____ 1. Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith’s transformation experiment?

____ 16. Figure 12–2 shows the structure of

Nitrogenous Bases (%)

6. Interpret Tables In Figure 12–12, what do the A, T, G and C stand for?

1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 338 | p. 339

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 339

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 339

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 339

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 338| p. 339

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 345

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 345

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 345

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 345

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 345

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 341

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 341

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 341

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 341

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 341

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