CHAPTER 1

Architecture Terminology
“ARCH” : concave construction of stones or other building material
“TECTURE” : a technique for providing support to arch to transfer incumbent weight of the arch
Architecture Definition
Need: needs of functional and aesthetic dimension. People’s basic need for shelter, or a place for worship,
leisure, interaction, and treatment for a health or mental condition….all have been shaping the process of
design that leads to architecture
Process: start - end, process.
Start = List of disorder, chaos or confusion
End = calm collected and orderly form that envelops or is enveloped by the space we have defined
Product: activity that is undertaken to produce the built form, that perceptible element whose
manifestation will contribute to the mental health, power and pleasure of the observant….comfort and
satisfaction of the mental and physical attributes of those that come in close contact.
Architecture is therefore producing forms and spaces, that to be fully understood must be
Viewed under the social, cultural, and historical settings in which they were produced
Viewed for their intention or target
Primary object:-
The creative manipulation of materials & forms by using mathematical & scientific principles
ARCHITECTS, PLANNERS & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
FACTORS AFFECTING ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS
Client
Program
Community concerns
Codes & regulations
Context & climate
Site
Building technology
Sustainability
Cost
Schedule
Is Architecture a Business or a Profession?
Architecture as a Profession
Architects’ status as professionals provide them with an underlying structure for their everyday activities

CHARACTERISTICS OF ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION

Lengthy and Arduous Education
Expertise and Judgment
Registration
Relative Autonomy
ARCHITECTURE AMONG THE PROFESSIONS
Relationships with the Arts
Importance of Design
Place in the Social Structure
Place in the Economic Structure
Internal Social Structure
PROFESSIONS AND SOCIETY (Society grants members of professional groups certain rights and
privileges)
A certain level of prestige and respect
A certain amount of autonomy and authority
A relatively high level of compensation
A standard of reasonable care with which to judge the appropriateness of professional actions
Ethics and Professional Conduct
Ethics: rules or standards for moral behavior
Ethical codes: based on common values
Moral laws: religious doctrine, social conventions, secular beliefs, and traditional philosophies;
they may even incorporate the values of courtesy, civility, mutual respect, or equality
 Ethics: define fairness and equity and quite often relate to issues in which two parties may hold
opposing but equally valid points of view or an individual may be torn between two compelling
position
ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR ARCHITECTS
Attribution of Credit
Dignity and Integrity
Professional Recognition
Accurate Representation of Qualifications
Attainment and Provision of Samples of Work
Interrelationship: The Ethical Context
Behavior: the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, esp. toward others.
Conduct: a person’s behavior especially its moral aspect
Moral: concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior
Quality: a personality or character trait with respect to grade of excellence
Ethics: moral principles that govern or influence a person‟s behavior
Principle: a moral rule or belief that helps us know what is right and wrong and that influences
our actions
Code: a set of moral principles accepted by society
Rule: Statement of what can, should or must be done in a particular circumstance

Phases
Phase 6- additional services that may be provided if the client wishes and the architect agree
specific acts that are common to all architectural organizations
Drawing
• Writing
• Reading
• Calculating
• Model building
• Client contact
• Government approvals
• Coordination with consultants
• Services during construction
Drawings
 CHAPTER 2
Architectural education should have two basic purposes:
to produce competent, creative ,critically minded &ethical professional designers/builders; &
to produce good citizens who are intellectually mature, ecologically sensitive &socially responsible. social,
cultural, political contexts space is by its very nature social, &society is spatial.
architectural education imparting knowledge, understanding, skills &abilities in the field of:
design
building technology & construction methods
management practice & law
communication &visualization
cultural context
principle of professionalism
conduct
Expertise: architects possess systematic knowledge, skills, & Theory developed through education, training
&experience.
Autonomy: expert advice
Commitment: architects serve their clients in a competent &professional manner.
Accountability: architects are aware of their responsibility for the independent &critical advice provided
to their client & for its effects on society & the environment
Conduct of their practices
general obligations
obligations to the public
obligations to the client
obligations to the profession
obligations to colleagues
A good building has 3 conditions:
Convenience
Firmness
Beauty
STARTING AND ORGANIZING A PRACTICE
have a good reason for starting your own firm
1. be clear as to why you are doing it.
2. define the type of firm you want to have.
3. set goals for the first year and for the long term.
4. look at successful models and research how they succeeded.
5. define what special services or abilities you will offer that potential clients need.
6. decide if you have all the basic capabilities necessary to succeed, or if you will need partners
and/or colleagues
7. decide how you will support yourself until the frm is generating an adequate income to pay you
know the type of firm you want
model types
1. MAJOR CLIENT AS “BOOSTER ROCKET”
2. HOUSE FOR MOTHER (ROBERT VENTURI, AND PHILIP JOHNSON)
3. ACADEMIC INCUBATOR
4. BETTER MOUSETRAP
5. SUPER SALESPERSON
6. SPONSOR
7. GOLDEN HANDSHAKE
8. SPIN-OFF
9. REBUILD OF AN EXISTING FIRM (THE PHOENIX)
10. STARTING SMALL IN A GOOD MARKET