1

1 The diagram shows the levels of a nitrogenous waste product in the blood of a person living at
first on a low protein diet and then on a high protein diet.

concentration
of nitrogenous
waste product
in blood

low high
protein protein
diet diet

What is the waste product?

A amino acid
B nitrate
C protein
D urea
[1]

[Total: 1]
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2 The diagram is of part of the human excretory system and associated blood vessels.

State the names of parts P, Q and R in the diagram.

Renal artery
P ...............................................................................................................................................

Bladder
Q ..............................................................................................................................................

Ureter
R .............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

3 Protein can be broken down into amino acids.

State the name of the organ in the human body that breaks down excess amino acids.

Liver
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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4 The volume and concentration of urine produced is affected by changes in water consumption,
temperature and exercise levels.

The table shows three different conditions.

Complete the table by writing increases or decreases in the boxes to show the effect of each
condition on the volume and concentration of urine produced.

condition volume of urine concentratiion of urine

increase in water consumption increases decrease

increase in temperature deceases increases
increase in exercise level decreases increases

[3]

[Total: 3]
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5 The box on the left shows the beginning of a sentence.

The boxes on the right show some sentence endings.

Draw two straight lines from ‘Excretion’ to the boxes on the right to make two correct sentences.

is the movement of digested food molecules into cells.

is the passing out of undigested food from an organism.

Excretion is the removal of excess substances from an organism.

is the removal of toxic materials from an organism.

is the taking in of materials for energy and growth.

[2]

[Total: 2]

6 The kidney filters the blood and produces a liquid called urine.

State three substances that are found in the urine of a healthy person.

urea
1 ...............................................................................................................................................

water
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
salt
3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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7 Urea is a toxin that is excreted by the kidneys in humans.

Describe how and where in the body urea is formed.

The urea is formed in the liver, is a toxic substance , produces several

..................................................................................................................................................
chemicals (enzymes) that change ammonia into a form called urea
..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

8 Doctors wanted to investigate the effect of exercise on the excretion of salts.

They collected urine from people before and after running a long distance on a hot day.

The results of their investigation are shown in the table.

before running after running

3
average volume of urine / cm 1156.0 569.0

average concentration of sodium in urine /

3 85.6 78.2
mmol per dm

Calculate the percentage decrease in the average sodium concentration after running compared
with before running.

Give your answer to one significant figure.

Space for working.

0.089
.............................................. % [3]

[Total: 3]
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9 The diagram shows part of the human excretory system and associated blood vessels.

The arrows indicate the direction of blood flow.

The table contains statements about the labelled structures in the diagram.

Complete the table by:

• stating the name of the structure

• identifying the letter that labels that structure.

description name of structure letter from diagram

organ that stores urine Bladder G

tube that carries urine out of the
kidney ureter F

blood vessel with the lowest renal vein D

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concentration of urea

blood vessel with the lowest

concentration of carbon dioxide
renal artery E

tube that carries urine out of the

body
Urethra H

[5]

[Total: 5]

10 Describe how the kidney tubules enable the excretion of salts.

Useful substances from the fluid in the kidney tubule are reabsorbed, and
..................................................................................................................................................
pass back into the blood in these capillaries.
..................................................................................................................................................
The salt are filteres from the blood and enter the tubule. Majority of it of
reabsorbed into the body, excress
..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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11 The diagram shows part of the human excretory system and associated blood vessels.

The arrows indicate the direction of blood flow.

Draw a label line and the letter X on the diagram to show the location of the cortex in one of the
kidneys. [1]

[Total: 1]
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12 Urine produced by the kidneys contains three excretory substances: urea, water and mineral salts.

The table shows the average mass of urea, water and mineral salts in 100 g of blood plasma and
in 100 g of urine.

average mass / g
substance
in 100 g of blood plasma in 100 g of urine

water 90.00 95.00

urea 0.03 2.00
mineral salts 0.69 1.35

Calculate the percentage increase in the average mass of mineral salts between blood plasma and
urine.

Give your answer to two decimal places.

Space for working.

95.65
.............................................. % [3]

[Total: 3]
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13 The diagram shows some of the structures involved in excretion.

Bronchus

Lung

Liver

Ureter

Bladder

Complete the diagram by labelling the structures in the spaces provided.

Choose structures from the list:

bladder bronchus heart liver lung

pancreas trachea ureter urethra [5]

[Total: 5]
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14 All organisms must maintain a balance between water gain and water loss.

State three ways in which the human body may lose water.
Urea
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
Sweat
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
breat
3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

15 Water and salt are reabsorbed in the kidneys.

State the name of one other molecule that is also reabsorbed in kidney tubules.

Glucose
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

16 Kidneys are important for excretion.

Explain the purpose of excretion.

Removing wastes and excess water from the body.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

17 The kidneys excrete excess water in urine.

The main component of urine is water.

State two other substances that are excreted by healthy kidneys.

urea
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
salt
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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18 A scientist investigated the effect of drinking sugar solutions, of different concentrations, on the
volume of urine produced.
3
• 1.5 dm of sugar solution A was consumed by a healthy adult.

• Urine was collected at thirty minute intervals for 150 minutes.

• The volume of urine produced every thirty minutes was added to the previous total volume.

• This procedure was repeated with sugar solutions B and C.

The results are shown in the graph below.

List two factors that will affect the volume and concentration of urine produced.
Water consumerd
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
Exercise level
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

19 What is the most important function of sweating?

A to remove excess heat from the body

B to remove excess salts from the body
C to remove excess urea from the body
D to remove excess water from the body
[1]

[Total: 1]
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20 The diagram shows some organs in the human body.

In which part are amino acids broken down to form urea?

D
A

[1]

[Total: 1]
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21 A longitudinal section of the kidney and some associated structures have been labelled.

Which labelling is correct?

A B

cortex cortex

renal artery renal vein

ureter ureter
medulla medulla

C D

medulla medulla

renal artery ureter

ureter renal artery

cortex cortex
[1]

[Total: 1]

22 Which substance remains in the blood as it passes through the kidney?

A protein
B salts
C urea
D water
[1]

[Total: 1]
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23 What is a function of the kidneys of a healthy person?

A break down toxins

B eliminate all salts
C reabsorb all glucose
D retain all water
[1]

[Total: 1]

24 State where urea is formed.

Liver
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

25 Which substance is lost from the body of a healthy person by the kidneys, but not by the lungs?

A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C urea
D water
[1]

[Total: 1]