Part 1. What is Mathematics?
we live in a world of mathematics pattern
Old Def:  Science of the states
New Def:  Mathematics is when Human nature has
developed a formal system of thought for
recognizing, classifying and making sense of
patterns.
Two views:  triangle, hexagon)
1. Platonism - Mathematical objects are real.
Mathematicians discovers mathematics.
(convenient)
 Mathematical objects are real(platonism)
 Math is part objective reality, it exists out
there, independent of human experience.
 e.g., Gravity
1. Formalism - Mathematical objects are
creations of the mind. Mathematicians
create mathematics.
 Mathematics is created (formalism)
 e.g. 362 pages to prove 1+1 by Russell's
Principia Mathematica
 Math is like chess - with finite rules
(arbitrary and non contradictory)
 Can be built from finite set of axioms and
rules of deductive reasoning.
 math symbols are meaningless
 Formalist are interested only in the rules that
govern the manipulation of symbols, and the
statement that arise from such manipulation.
Many people consider mathematics to be a boring
and formal science.
Any good works in mathematics has in it:
 Beauty
 Simplicity
 Structure
 Imagination
 Crazy Idea
 Same on making poetry
mathematics is not confined to the classroom
No things has exactly the same patterns
  (e.g. zebra pattern, thumb prints, plants,
natural phenomenon, snow flakes)
 Beehives - mathematically optimize or
optimum
 Optimum is less material (Tiling = square,
 phenomena with patterns (e.g., waves)
Human nature has developed a formal system of
thought for recognizing, classifying and making
sense of patterns.
 we call it mathematics
 e.g., musical piece (has symbol that
represent ideas), solution of integrals (math
symbol represent math ideas)
We live in a (physical) world full of mathematical
patterns. But mathematics reside on the abstract
 e.g., circle A is the most different bcs it is
the most the same
Abstraction
 At the physical/perceptual level, the
categories are color and size. 
 at a more abtract level, the categories
change. One is different color. One is left
out.
Hallmark of Mathematics
 Abstraction
 Symbolic Method
 Conditional reasoning and deduction
 Proof
 Rigor
 Aesthetic
High (and often unexpected) applicability to the real
world.
Fibonacci - Leonardo Pisano Bogollo
Extremely long historical development.
 1170-1250, Italy
 Fibonacci was his nicjname, which roughly
means " Son of bonacci"
Mathematics provide us the tools to make sense of
the physical/perceptual world.

 Ishango Bone, `35,000 BC Africa The Fibonacci sequence is the sequence of numbers
(Fn) inifinity= n=1 defined by the linear recurrence
equation.

What is reality?

 most fundamental question Fn= Fn-1 + F n-2

How do I know what is real? with F1 = F2 = 1

 Use the senses Thus, (Fn) inifinity= n=1 = (1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,...)

 Senses can deceive us
 We need to use our mind (intellect, reason,
intuition, and mathematics) to uncover real
world  golden ratio 0 also known as divine
proportion, golden mean, or golden section.
Mathematics reside in this world (e.g., golden ratio on her face)

 e.g., Drawing a Circle (has infinite side)

 The Physical World - you can draw a circle
using protractor or compass (not perfect and Fibonacci Problem
dependent on you).
 The Ideal World - For mathematics, a circle  The Rabbits breed
is a set of points at a fixed distance from  eg. Pine cones spiral, Sunflower seeds
center. (Not dependant on you drawing)

Part III. Mathematics in the Real World

4 dimensional Hypercube
 Math begins as abstraction, mental
 The hypercube has a reality of its own. It has playthings but turns out to be useful in the
clear properties. Questions about hypercube real world.
have clear answer.
 Logic and the mathematical imagination has
given a product of the mind a (palpable)
reality on its own. Shannong Sampling Theorem

Formula: νs = 1/xL

Part II. Patterns and numbers in Nature  use when we convert problem in binary
  this equation allows us to communicate Prime numbers and internet security.
through cell phones
 The study of prime numbers
2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23... is important for
computer security
Math and the human heart

 Mathematical models of the heart help in the

design and implementation of artificial Fitting pieces 
valves
 Using geometry, combinatorics and
statistics, mathematicians help
archaeologists reconstruct artifacts even
Math in Animals with missing pieces.

 The mystery of how flocks of birds fly in the

same direction without collisions can be
explained by mathematical equation. Data Compression

 The theory of wavelets is used to compress

data, allowing the identification and storage
Mathematical Ecology of enormous files, such as fingerprint
databases. (eg. floppy disk storage)
 is an area of interdiscuplinary research
between mathematics and ecology, using
almost every part of mathematics to
understand and model complex biosystems. Network

 The human brain is a neutral network.

 The Tokyo subway system is a tangle of
Mathematical models of the stock market lines. Graph theory, networks and queuing
theory help in the design of a safe and
 Law of demand and supply efficient schedule for the trains.
 The market behaves like ecosystems,
striking balance between supply and
demand, without a guiding hand.

Mathematics can solve crimes

 Probability, combinicators, graph theory are

used by investigator to solve crime.

Waves are solution of partial differential equation.