Quantitative Research Format

The DSSC shall adopt the format for quantitative research with the following
components.

A. INTRODUCTION

1. Rationale. The rationale part should contain sources in relation to the

dependent variable (DV), state the problem issues clearly. The DV
importance must be link with Independent variables (with sources)
and its implications of previous works that contribute to the study’s
rationale.

 What was accomplished in the present study and research gap,

 explain why it is important and urgency of the study

 explain study contribution to the problem

2. Objective of the Study. This part stated the objectives for each
variable and complementary with the research method.

3. Significance of the Study. This section of the study wherein the

possible beneficiaries and the benefits from the study is clearly
stated.

4. Scope and Limitations of the Study. This part explains the scope of
the work, what will and will not be included in the research study. A
very important section of the research proposal but will not be
included in the final draft.

5. Definition of Terms. This is the section of the study that the keywords
in the research study title are well-defined operationally and its
connection to the study. This presents the theoretical and operational
definition of important terms used in the study.

B. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents what grouped by variable of the study and
relationship of variables or difference, impact, influence whichever is
applicable. It also shows that this problem existed and how other
researchers tried to solve it. This section focus on relevant studies
about the variables and problem.

1. This must be considered:

 1.1. Only the variables are listed and labeled as sub-
headings and indicators are part of the paragraph.

1.2. All related sources within 10 years’ period from current

year except for theories and very important authors.

1.3. At least 10%-20% from old articles may be allowed for

certain theories.

1.4. All sources must be paraphrased (not copy pasted) and

citation of author surname and year only (if no date, n.d)

2. Theoretical Framework. This section shows the link to the study

according to theory, Model, and Study conducted or cited from
several author.

3. Conceptual Framework. This part of the study shows the definition of

each indicator under each variable. This will not exceed one page
and one author per variable with indicators.

4. Hypothesis/es. This part states the One for each objective on

difference/ relationship/ influence /prediction/impact whichever is
applicable.

C. METHODOLOGY. This chapter presents information about the authenticity of the

research study and relevant information to the readers and researchers for
guidance and in case validation is needed or to replicate the study. This section
describes the materials and procedures planned to gather the data.

1. Research Design. In Quantitative research design, the typology of

research study in terms of objective dimension and time
dimension specified. This section also includes appropriate design used,
from previous study conducted citing the author and justification or
contextualized to the study.

2. Research Locale. This part of the study shows the brief description of the
place of the study supported with a Philippine map and local map
indicating the specific locale in the Philippines.

3. Population and Sampling Procedure. This is the section of the study that
clearly stated the description of population of the study and respondents.
The sampling procedure, respondents’ profile, time frame and its
justification for use supported with author are discussed.
 4. Research Instrument. This part shows the instrument source with
corresponding author(s) and Cronbach Alpha/ Average validation rating. If
the researcher used personally crafted instrument, pre-testing procedure
shall be discussed and its reliability.

5. Data Collection and Data Gathering Procedure. This section explains in

details what data are to be collected (data sources) and how to collect
including asking permission to collect the data, etc.

6. Statistical Tools or Data Analysis. This part presents the appropriate

statistics for each research objective and enumeration of how the
researcher analyzes the data being gathered.

7. Ethical Considerations. This section presents how ethical consideration is

addressed in the research in one or two paragraphs on research. The
researcher must secure compliance certificate from CREC and/or DSSC
IRB after the outline oral examination especially study involving human
and animals. This clearly stated the vvoluntary participation of
respondents; Informed consent; Language use; anonymity; Citation;
Objectivity; Data protection.

D. REFERENCES. This section contains sufficient list references to provide

understanding of the context and significance of the research study. It is
important to acknowledge previous work in this section.

1. Single spaced, 5 spaces hanging indent, title of the article or

book/magazine, newspaper/journal is sentence case and in italics,
write retrieved/accessed date for online sources,

2. Ensure that every citation made in the body of the research study
appears in the references

3. DSSC uses the American Psychological Association (APA) (7 th

Edition) format based on:

 BOOK in Print Format:

Lastname, F. M. (Year Published) Book. City, State: Publisher.

Examples:

Zautra, A. (2006). Emotions, stress, and health. New York: Oxford

University Press.
 Coleman, B., Frogner, E., Eich, E., Brown, F. N., Adams, L. N., & Firth,
L. (2010). Ojibwa myths and legends. Minneapolis: Ross and Haines.

 BOOK Online Format:

Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. Retrieved from URL

Examples:

James, H. (2009). The ambassadors. Retrieved from http://books.google.com

 BOOK from a Database Format:

Last, F. M. (Year Published). Book. Retrieved from URL

Examples:

Morem, S. (2005). 101 tips for graduates. Retrieved from

http://www.infobasepublishing.com
 BOOK(s) with unknown or no author

Title of book. (Year). Place of publication: Publisher.

Example: Education handbook. (2005). London: Longman.

 JOURNAL in Print format

Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article title. Journal

Name, Volume(Issue), pp. Pages.
Examples:

Jacoby, W. G. (1994). Public attitudes toward government spending. American

Journal of Political Science, 38(2), 336-361.

Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2003). Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil

War. American Political Science Review, 97(01), 75. Doi:
10.1017/S0003055403000534.

 JOURNAL Online format

Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pp.

Page(s). doi:# or Retrieved from URL
Example:

Poiger, U. G. (1996). Rock ‘n’ roll, female sexuality, and the Cold War Battle over
German Identities. The Journal of Modern History, 68(3), 577.
Doi:10.1086/245343

 MAGAZINE in Print Format

Last, F. M. (Year, Month Published). Article title. Magazine

Title, volume(issue), pp. Page(s).

Examples:

Rothbart, D. (2008, October). How I caught up with dad. Men’s Health, 108-113.

Jaeger, J. (2010, August). Social media use in the financial industry. Compliance

Week, 54.

 Magazine Online format

Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Magazine Title,

Page(s). Retrieved from URL

Examples:

Folger, T. Higgs: What causes the weight of the world.” Discover Magazine,.

Retrieved from http://discovermagazine.com

 NEWSPAPER in Print format

Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Newspaper Title,

pp. Page(s).

Examples:

Bowman, L. (1990, March 7). Bills target Lake Erie mussels. The Pittsburgh
Press, p. A4.

Meier, B. (2013, January 1). Energy Drinks Promise Edge, but Experts Say Proof
Is Scant. New York Times, p. 1.

 Newspaper Online Format

 Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Newspaper Title,
pp. Page(s). Retrieved from URL.

Examples:

Bowman, L. (1990, March 7). Bills target Lake Erie mussels. The Pittsburgh
Press, p. A4. Retrieved from http://www.pittsburghpress.com

Meier, B. (2013, January 1). Energy drinks promise edge, but experts say proof
is scant. New York Times, p. 1. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

 UNPUBLISHED SOURCES Format

Unpublished Manuscript not submitted for publication

Author, A. A. (1996). Title of paper or manuscript. Unpublished manuscript.

Example:

Kondo, T. (1991). The making of a corporate elite adult targeted comic

magazines of Japan. Unpublished master’s thesis. McGill University, Canada

Unpublished Manuscript submitted for publication

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1996). Title of paper: Subtitle of paper. Manuscript

submitted for publication.

Unpublished raw data from a study or untitled work

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (1996). [Topic of study or untitle
work]. Unpublished raw data.

 NONPRINT SOURCES Format

News Report or Broadcast

Many news organizations, whether they are large 24-hour networks or small local
stations, have archives of their live news reports available for viewing on their websites.
The researcher would cite such reports as the researcher would cite a YouTube
video or any other kind of streaming video.
Example:
 A historical look back at DC scandals [Video file]. (2013, February 15). Retrieved
from http://www.wjla.com/video/2013/02/a-historical-look-back-at-dc-
scandals.html

Podcast

For a podcast, the “who” might be a producer, a writer, or a speaker. The

researcher can use parentheses to identify the contribution of the person in the “who”
position—when the person involved are identified and recognized.

Example:

Rissian, L. C. (Producer). (2012, May 4). Twelve parsecs [Audio

podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.comMotion Pictures

Format:

Producer, P. P. (Producer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of

publication). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio or
distributor.

Example:

Lowen, C. (Producer) & Hirsch, L. (Director). (2011). Bully. United States: The

Weinstein Company.

 NO AUTHOR Format

When there is no author for a print source or web page, the title moves to the first
position of the reference entry.

Example:  PRINT

The theory of care. (1978). Hazards of primary care in aging populations (2nd

ed.). Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott.  

ONLINE

All 33 Chile miners freed in flawless rescue. (2010, October 13). Retrieved from
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39625809/ns/world_news-americas/

E. APPENDICES. This part includes materials placed after the Literature Cited. A
Page break for every appendix with page number but none for appended
documents. These materials may be the questionnaires or other research
instruments, extensive tables of data, detailed description of apparatus, and
 others, which do not actually form part of the text. These are usually the
supporting evidence that help in further understanding of the text.

Figure 14. Sample Documents to be Included in Appendices.

General Format

The formatting provisions stated under this article are hereby defined as the
“general format” and shall be used throughout the whole manuscript. Deviations from
these provisions are stated in specific sections or paragraphs in subsequent articles.

1. Paper Size and Dimensions. All manuscripts shall be printed in “letter size”
white bond paper. Such paper should have a nominal height of 11 inches
(279.4 mm), a nominal width of 8.5 inches (215.9 mm) and a weight not less
than 80 grams per square meter (gsm).

2. Page Margin. The measurement of margins shall be reckoned from the edge
of the page. The following margins shall apply:

Top: 1 inch (2.54 cm)

Bottom: 1 inch (2.54 cm)
Right: 1 inch (2.54 cm)
Left: 1.5 inches (3.81 cm)

3. Font Characteristics. Unless stated otherwise, the following font

characteristics shall be applied to the whole manuscript (including page
numbers):
 Face: Tahoma
Size: 12
Color: Black
Style: Regular (NOT “bold”, “italicized” nor “underlined”)
Scale: 100% (NOT “<100%” nor “>100%”)
Spacing: Normal (NOT " e x p a n d e d " nor "condensed")
Position: Normal (NOT "raised" nor "lowered")

4. Paragraph Alignment. Unless stated otherwise, all paragraphs shall be

justified and shall be aligned to both left and right margins (see Example).

Example:
Institute of Computing, Engineering and Technology. Department of
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. Department of Information Technology.
Department of Agricultural Engineering.
THESIS OUTLINE FORMAT
Preliminary Pages

The DSSC shall adopt the contents of the preliminary pages for thesis
manuscripts and capstone project (arranged according to their order of presentation in
the text) such as the following:

TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Objective of the Study

Significance of the Study

Scope and limitation of the Study

Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

Hypothesis/es
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design

Research Locale

Population and Sampling Procedure

Research Instrument

Data Collection and Data Gathering Procedure

Statistical Tool

Ethical Consideration

REFERENCES