1.

1 WIND LOAD
Wind Loads for structure shall be calculated in accordance with IS: 875-2015(part-3). The
parameters considered for design is as follows.

Description Data Remarks

Basic Wind Speed, Vb 50 m/s Chennai

Probability factor (Risk co- General buildings & Structures (for return
1.0
efficient), k1 period of 50 years)

Terrain Category 2 Terrain with well scattered obstructions

Terrain, height and structure
1.14 Terrain category 2
size factor, k2

Topography factor, k3 1.0 Upwind slope is lesser than 3°

Importance factor for

1.0 Clause 6.3.4, IS 875-2015
cyclonic region k4
Design Wind Speed at the height Z Vz = Vb * k1* k2 * k3 * k4

Design Wind pressure at the height Z Pz = 0.6 * Vz2

Wind Directionality Factor Kd = 1.0 (Clause 7.2.1)

Area Averaging Factor Ka = 0.8

(Clause 7.2.2)

Combination Factor Kc = 0.9(Clause7.3.3.13)

Design Wind pressure, Pd = Max ((Kd * Ka * Kc

* Pz) or 0.7Pz)

Calculated Wind loads are applied over structure in 0°, 90°,180° and 270° Wind Directions.
Application of Wind load shall be as per IS 875-2015.

1.2 SEISMIC LOAD

Seismic loads to be applied for structures shall be in accordance with the applicable provision
of the IS: 1893-2016 and noted below. The building is located at Chennai which comes under
seismic Zone – III.

▪ Seismic Zone Factor Z is 0.16

▪ Importance factor I is 1.5
▪ Soil type I shall be considered for analysis since the building is resting on the pile foundation
 ▪ Response reduction factor shall be 4 (Buildings with RC ductile structural wall system as per
IS1893:2016 Table-9, III. c)
▪ Damping coefficient is 5%
▪ Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value Ah = Z/2 x I/R x Sa/g
E = Ah x W

Where ‘W’ is seismic weight of structure with appropriate live load.

Time Period calculation

Time period is to be calculated as per clause 7.6.2 of IS - 1893:2016.
Seismic forces of building
The percentage of imposed loads to be considered in seismic weight of the building is as per the
below table according to IS1893:2016

Imposed loads (kN/Sqm) Percentage of Imposed load

Loads <= 3.0 kN/Sqm 25%

Loads > 3.0 KN/Sqm 50%

1.3 TEMPERATURE LOADS

For temperature load maximum temperature and minimum temperature were considered as t1
and t2 and the loads are arrived based on the below expression,

t = +/- 2/3 x (t1-t2) – 15

Maximum temperature t1 = 45

Minimum temperature t2 = 15

t = +/- 2/3 x (45-15) – 15 = +/- 5

The maximum temperature load on the structure is (+/-) 5o C

2 LOAD COMBINATIONS
2.1 LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Concrete structural members shall be designed to have, at all sections, a calculated strength
necessary to carry the following factored loads and forces as per table 18 of IS 456.

Load Limit State of Collapse Limit State of Serviceability

Combination DL LL WL/EL DL LL WL/EL

DL + LL 1.5 1.5 -- 1.0 1.0 --

DL +/- WL 1.5 or 0.9 -- 1.5 1.0 -- 1.0

DL + LL +/- WL 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8

DL +/- EL 1.5 or 0.9 -- 1.5 1.0 -- 1.0

DL + LL +/- EL 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8

3 SERVECEABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
Deflection and Sway (For RCC Structure/Elements)

Type Description Limit

Due to all loads including the effects of temperature, creep and

Vertical Deflection of
shrinkage and measured from as-cast level of the supports of Span/250
building elements
the floors, roofs and all other horizontal members

Span/350 or
Due to all loads including the effects of temperature, creep and
Vertical Deflection of 20mm
shrinkage occurring after erection of partition and application
building elements whichever is
of finishes
less

Under transient Wind Load sway at top of building (H= Total

Lateral Sway of building H /500
height of the building)

Drift Earthquake force with scale safety factor 1.0 H/250

Crack Width
All structural elements which are in contact with soil and water tanks, width of surface crack
shall be limited to 0.2mm and for all other structures crack shall be limited to 0.3mm.