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SE,CTION 2
STRUCTTJRE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Time-25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your abilitv to recognize language that is appropriate for standard
rvritten English. There are tu'o tvpes of questions in this section, rvith special directions fbr each type.

Structure
Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you rvill see four rvords
or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), ancl (D). Choose the one r,,'orcl or phrase that best completes the
sentence. TJren, on your ans\\'er shect, find the nunrber of the question ancl fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the ansuer vou hzrle chosen.

Look at the follor.r'ing eramples.

Example I Sample Answer

The president the election br' :r landslide. O

@
(A) r'r'on C
(B) he rvon - 6)
(C) vesterdav
(D) fortunatelv

The sentence should re:rd, "The pre'sider.rt lrron the election bv a landslide." Therefore, you should
choose ansrver (A).

Example II Sample Answer

@
When
(A) the
the conference?
o
doctor attended @
(B) did- the doctor zLttend @
(C) the doctor rvill attend
(D) the doctor's attenclance

The sentence should read, "When did the dor:tor-attend the conlerence?" Therefore, \'ou should
choose answer (B).

'IOEFL rr\t dircctions anc[ lrrrntal ar-c rcprirrt..l hr perrrrr.sion

o1ETS, rhe copr.right ortner: Ilouer'er. rll crrrrrplc. anrl tt.L
quesllons are prlridt'd br Pearson Erltrcation. Irtt COMPLETE TEST ONE-INTRODUCTORY LEVEI 251
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l. The Arctic Circle thrrrrgh northern Venus is almosl the same size as thc Earth,
North America, Europe, and Asia. mountain ranges are much highcr.
--
(A) the pass --
(A) thev
(B) passing (B) but rhev
(C) it passes (C) its
(D) passes (D) but its

E;rrth's gravitr, pulls ever-vthing torvard In concrete poetn the prinrarl

the Earth. consideration is the riav that in the
-- poem.
(A) it centers -
(B) the center ol (A) r.r'olds are arranged
(C) centered it (B) the an'angement of rvords
(D) the center (C) arr-anging the rvords
(D) rvords in an arrangement
The forces e:rrthquakes ;rre the same
ones lhat huiltl morrntains. 9. Scientists arc no\\ onlr bcginning to
(A) unleash- understand the factors cigarette
(B) r-rnleashes addiction.
(C) that unleash (A) cause -
(D) that unleashing (B) causing
(C) the-v cause
4. Since the eighteenth century tl're (D) causes
major genre of litcrature in most literate
societies. - 10. Agricultural largelv responsibie for
the unlolding of nutritional knor.vledge of
(A) becoming the novel
vitamins and- minerals e:rrlv in tlre last
(B) has the nrivel becomc
centun:
(C) a becoming nor,el
(D) the novel has become (A) u'as
(B) chemists
Under a microscope ol a computer 1f ) u,ith chemists
chip looks like a nc-tri'or-k of aluminum (D) chemists were
tracks.
(A) the circuitr-r' ll. Each summel the Roanoke F{istorical
Association sponsors a plav that shou's
(B) rvith the circuitn' about the fate of the earlv colonli
(C) alter the circuitn. ---
(D) it circr-riates (A) knou.n
(B) t'hat is knou,n
6. Dinosaurs became ertinct 64 million vears (C) rvhat knou'ing
first people ever appeared on Earth. (D) is knorvn
--
(A) prior to the
(B) the preceding time
(C) before tl-re
(D) thc

252 COMPLETE TEST ONE-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL

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IA
12. Agriculture requires a steady supply of t+. The reactor core of a nuclear reactor is
water to keep the plants alive, so in housed in a steel vessel bv a thick
areas u,ith a lot of rainfall. layer of concrete.
(A) naturally stafied - (A) is surrounded -
(B) stafiing nature (B) it surrounds
(C) it naturallv started (C) surrounds
(D) its natural start (D) surrounded

l3 Even though about $4,000 to full1' 15. The properties of every protein depend on
train a hearing dog, these dogs are how are arranged in the molecular
- u'ithout charge to qualified
generallv given chain.
candidates.
(A) -all the amino acids
(A) it costs (B) all of the amino acid
(B) the cost of it (C) all of the aminos acidify
(C) the cost (D) of all the amino acids
(D) costs

COMPLETE TEST ONE-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL 253

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Written Expression
Directions: In these questions, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined v,,'ord
or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on vour ansu,er sheet,
find the number of thc'question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the ansu'er you
have chosen.

Look at the follou'ing examples.

Example I Sample Answer

@
The four strins on a violin are tuned
AB CD o
in fifths.
o
@

The sentence should read, "The four strines on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore, vou should
choose answer (B).

Example II Sample Answer

The research for the book Roors taking

@
ABC @
Alex Halev twelve vears.
o
D
@

The sentence should read, "The research for the book Roots took Alex Flaley tvu'elve years." Therefore,
you should choose ansrver (C).

TOEFL" test dir eclions and fbrmat arc reprinted bv permissi()n

of ETS, the copvright ouner Hotcver, all eramples and tc'st
254 COMPLETE TEST ONE-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL qu.'stions are provided bv Pearrson Education, Inc.
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16. Polar u'inters ar-e length, dark, and cold most plants
AB D_
17. The remains of verv ancient u,oocl have turn into coal
AB CD
18. In 1893, Henn,Ford brrilt his flr-st car engine in !e home \glblgp in Detr-oit
AB CD
19. Armies of laborers toiled lor eight vear to build the Erie Canal.
-A B- C D_
20 Sorne of the star-s in the closing stages of their lives becomes uhite du'arfs.
A B C D-
2l The normall]' folce of grlrt.y at the Eartht surface is called 19.
ABCD
22 Edu'ard McDoue-ll is lemember iis lhe c'omposer of such perennial favoriles as "To a Wild Rose."
ABCD
L3 Because he is grar,itational\ bound to the Milkv ttA'a1: the Andromeda gala.rv is currenth'
ABC
approacl'ring Earlth.
D

24. CAT scanners are used not onlv for delecting conditions btrt also for obsen,ation the elfects of
A-BC'
therap)'.
D

25 The chain ol'rider stations along the r.var,rrere crucial to the success ol the Ponv Exptess.
A -B C D-
26. The funclional r-e-.lationship bc'trveen the ]r.U! tu.o hemispheres has been a mirior focr-rs of rnr,rch
A BCD
studies in neuropsl'chologr.

27. The Great Salt Lake is the renrnar.rt of a vast inlanci seas.
ABCD
28. A desire to cradicate !f9g!![ speilings in English can being traced back to the sixteenth century
CD

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29. Jade can actuallJ' refer-to either the less common and more valuable iadeite and the more
A C
common and less valuable nephrite.
-B
D

30. The number o[ e]ectrons in an atom match the number of charged particles, or protons.

-ABCD
31. The neocortex becomes progressive more developed in the more advanced mammals.
ABCD
32. During their first attempts as a songu'riter, George Gershrvin diligentlr,continued to studv the
ABC
piano, harnronr; theorJ, and orchestration.
D

33. Alexander Graham Bell rvas tr.r'entv-nine rvhen him u,as granted a telephone patent in 1876.
A BCD
34. Earlv television sets such as the RCA Victor model had small screens but containing a mass of
AB-C
additional components.
D

35. A huge amount of immigrants passed through the Great Hall on Ellis Island between 1892 and
A CD
1954.

36. The cliff drvellings in Mesa Verde rvere br-rild in the thirteenth centr-rn.bv Native Americans u,ho
ABC
farmed the green plateau.
D

37. The poet Walt Whitman \\Ias an eas)' recognized figure u'ith his lr.rng, rvhite beard and u'ide-
ABCD_
brimmed hat.

38. The sand doilars are a distinctive group o1 sea urchins that have adapt especialll'to lie on sandv
A B- C -D
shores.

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39. Someone ri'ho personifies the "American Dream" are Andreu'Carnegie, nho imnrigrated to the
AB
United States from Scotland vuithout nlone\,and made millions in the steel inclLrstr-r,,.
CD
40. The Nez Perce lived peacefulli' u'ith the trappers and traders u'ho tra.,.eled theirs lands until the
ABC
discriverr,of gold in 1860 brought miners and settlers into the regton.
D

This is the end of Section 2.

lf you finish before 25 minutes has ended,
check your work on Section 2 only.

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At the end of 25 minutes, go on to Section 3.
Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

COMPLETE TEST ONE-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL 257