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EC03-Digital Systems
EC03-Digital Systems
EC03-Digital Systems
Ing. Aeroespacial
Computers
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Digital systems Informática
Boolean algebra
Combinational and sequential systems
Digital systems
Examples of digital systems in avionics
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Boolean algebra Informática
Laws
Laws similar to ordinary algebra:
- Commutativity of ∨ and ∧: x∨y=y∨x x∧y=y∧x
- Associativity of ∨ and ∧: x∨(y∨z) = (x∨y)∨z x∧(y∧z) = (x∧y)∧z
- Distributivity: x∨(y∧z) = (x∨y)∧(x∨z) x∧(y∨z) = (x∧y)∨(x∧z)
Additional laws:
- Idempotence of ∨ and ∧: x∨x=x x∧x=x
- Absorption 1 and 2: x∨(x∧y) = x x∧(x∨y) = x
- De Morgan 1 and 2: ¬(x∧y) = ¬x ∨ ¬y ¬(x∨y) = ¬x ∧ ¬y
- Opposites: x ∨ ¬x = 1 x ∧ ¬x = 0
- Neutral elements: x∨0=x x∧1=x
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Boolean algebra Informática
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Boolean algebra Informática
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Digital systems Informática
Boolean algebra
Combinational and sequential systems
Digital systems
Examples of digital systems in avionics
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
?
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
Digital signal ?
A voltage of 9.9V is
rounded to a value ?
of 10, that in binary
is 1010.
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
Definition
Combinational system: outputs at time t are exclusively a function of the
inputs at time t:
NOTE: The time in the discrete time domain is usually represented with an
integer variable (typically i,j,k).
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
Sequential systems
Example: accumulator (discrete time integration)
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
Sequential systems
Memory property: allows a system to store and maintain a given value over
time.
Register: system with the memory property.
- It samples a value when it is triggered by a CLK signal and it keeps it stored
or memorized until a new CLK signal.
- A CLK signal generates a pulse at a constant frequency, and it is used to
coordinate the actions of a digital system.
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
Sequential systems
Example: accumulator
- Implementation with a register
accumulator
X1
adder Y
register
CLK
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
inputs
outputs
invocation
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Combinational and sequential systems Informática
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Digital systems Informática
Boolean algebra
Combinational and sequential systems
Digital systems
Examples of digital systems in avionics
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Digital systems Informática
Logic gates
It is an idealized electronic device implementing a Boolean primitive
function.
They are combinational systems.
Behavior described by truth tables.
X1 X1·X2 X1 X1+X2
X2 X1 X1
X2
Logic gates
Additional gates
X1 X1⊕X2
X2
XOR gate
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Digital systems Informática
It is easy to implement….
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Digital systems Informática
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Digital systems Informática
Boolean functions
Function of the form f: Bn → B, B={0, 1}
- f(x1,x2,...,xn), where xi are Boolean variables.
They can be represented using expressions or truth tables.
- Example: majority voting of three binary juries
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Digital systems Informática
Boolean functions
Shannon Expansion Theorem: A boolean function can be expanded in two
canonical forms: sum of minterms and product of maxterms.
- Example: majority voting of three binary juries
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Digital systems Informática
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Digital systems Informática
Example:
% voting.m
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Digital systems Informática
Sequential systems
They have the memory property: they can keep the value of an input even
when the input changes.
The truth table must consider:
- Xi(k) : inputs at time instant k
- Yi(k − 1) : previous outputs (at time k-1)
Represented using a chronogram.
Example:
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Digital systems Informática
X
register Y
CLK
RS-bistable: they memorize a value that can be Set (S) or Reset (R).
R
RS
CLK Q
bistable
S
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Digital systems Informática
Boolean algebra
Combinational and
sequential systems
Digital systems
Examples of digital
systems in avionics
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Digital systems in avionics Informática
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Digital systems in avionics Informática
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Digital systems in avionics Informática
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Digital systems in avionics Informática
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Digital systems in avionics Informática
Three inputs:
- APU start button
X1
- APU shutdown button X2
- APU running: detects if it is running Y
Functionality:
- You should press the APU START button
to start it.
- A timeout timer stops the starter if the
APU does not start in 60 sec in order not to
exhaust the battery.
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Digital systems in avionics Informática
X2
Y
X1
X2
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Digital systems in avionics Informática
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