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Terwa Technical Documentation Sandwich Panel - May - 2018-En Rev
Terwa Technical Documentation Sandwich Panel - May - 2018-En Rev
WWW.TERWA.COM
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
CONTENTS:
ANCHORS FOR SANDWICH PANEL ......................................................................................................................................... 1
PRODUCT RANGE................................................................................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
ANCHORING SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
CE MARKING .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS – SANDWICH PANEL PRODUCTION METHODS ....................................................................... 5
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PRODUCT RANGE
INTRODUCTION
Sandwich panels are primarily big, multilayer façade elements made of reinforced concrete. They consist of a facing layer which
is made from aesthetical concrete or structural concrete, an insulation layer and an inner load-bearing layer (panel consisting of
three layers). To avoid problems caused by condensation, an air layer between the insulation layer and the outer layer is
required (panel consisting of four layers). The outer layer is connected to the load-bearing layer by sandwich panel anchors.
The sandwich panel anchors are bearing anchors, torsion anchors and supporting anchors.
These anchors have to be dimensioned for the following forces:
Individual weight of the outer layer.
Adhesion forces on the formwork.
Wind pressure and suction.
Eccentricities, especially for asymmetrical elements.
Temperature influences on the outer layer.
Temperature difference between inner and outer layer.
Transporting and mounting the sandwich panel.
Dilation and shrinkage forces.
ANCHORING SYSTEM
BEARING ANCHORS
These anchors have to be dimensioned to the base of the individual weight of the outer layer. Bearing anchors have to be
placed in such a way that only one anchoring point (fulcrum) is available per outer layer. If only one bearing anchor is used for
the load transfer, a torsion anchor is required as well.
TORSION ANCHORS
Torsion anchors stop the outer layer from twisting around the load-bearing layer. The type of torsion anchor has to be
dimensioned taking in to account an unintentional eccentricity of the installation of the bearing anchor (the bearing anchor is
placed a bit off the vertical centre of gravity line). This eccentricity is supposed to be 5% of the overall length of the sandwich
panel, with a minimum value of 100 mm. Installing a torsion anchor is not necessary when at least 2 bearing anchors are used
to support the facing layer. In this case the load distribution principle is: beam at 2 support points. The outer layer is additionally
connected to the load-bearing layer using supporting anchors.
SUPPORTING ANCHORS
The supporting anchors bear the normal forces from wind, adhesion to the formwork, deformation, etc.
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
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Quality
Terwa continuously controls the anchor production
process from the perspective of strength, dimensional
and material quality, and performs all of the required
inspections for a superior quality system. All of the
products are tracked from material acquisition to the
final, ready to use product.
CE MARKING
CE marking means that a product is manufactured and inspected in accordance with a harmonized European standard (hEN) or
a European Technical Approval (ETA). ETA can be used as the basis for CE marking for cases in which there is no hEN.
However, ETA is voluntary, not required by EU directives or legislation.
Manufacturers may use the CE marking to declare that their construction products meet harmonized European standards or
have been granted ETA Approvals. These documents define properties the products must have to be granted the right to use
the CE marking and describe how the manufacture of these products is supervised and tested.
EU’s Construction Products Regulation takes full effect on 1 July 2013. There are no harmonized EN standards for detailed
building parts such as connections used in concrete constructions, excluding lifting items and devices, which are covered by the
EU Machinery Directive. For steel constructions, CE marking will become mandatory as of 1 July 2014 as covered by the EU
Construction Products Directive.
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
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This method is the same as the method described above but in reverse order. In this case the inner layer is produced first. TVB
anchors or TVA anchors are used as supporting anchors
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CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS
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CONCRETE QUALITY
The permissible load capacities for sandwich panel anchors, which are indicated in the tables, are available concrete quality
B35, minimum, with strength 35 N/mm². A reduction factor for the permissible load capacity may be used for light concrete with
strength 25 N/mm². For the sake of simplicity, the normal and shear force loads must be increased by a factor of 1.4.
An increase of the load capacity of the sandwich panel anchor can be achieved by applying a larger embedded depth in both
concrete layers. If concrete of light quality is used, the permissible load capacity of a sandwich panel anchor is calculated using
the following formula:
𝟏𝟓 𝟏.𝟎 𝒂𝒎
𝑸𝒓𝒆𝒅 = 𝑸𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙( )²
𝟑𝟓 𝟏.𝟒 𝒂
Qred – permissible load reduction
Qperm – permissible load capacity from tables
am – increased embedment length
a – embedment length from tables
15 (N/mm²) – nominal strength of light weight concrete LB25
35 (N/mm²) – nominal strength of concrete
Note:
Sxrepresents horizontal coordinate of the centre of gravity.
Shrepresents the distance between supporting anchor and anchorage centre (fulcrum).
S represents the distance between plate anchor and anchorage centre (fulcrum).
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Window or door openings can prevent placement of the anchorage centre in the middle of the sandwich panel. The maximum
possible distance between anchors and anchorage centre is determined by the potential deformation of the anchors. For
determining which bearing system and parts of anchoring must be used, the maximum distances to the anchorage centre
indicated for the supporting anchors (Sh) and plate anchors (S) must not be exceeded.
The values for “Sh” and S” can be increased by adding an extra strip of insulation material in the supporting anchor zone or
plate anchor zone.
For low height elements, balustrade panels, the load transfer must not be made via a single bearing anchor.
By changing the bearing system, the anchorage centre can be moved to the middle of the panel and consequently the values
for “Sh” and S” can be reduced.
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Large pulling forces transferred via one bearing anchor may lead to a high risk of cracking. Using two bearing anchors is
recommended.
If necessary, the bearing system must be changed or an extra insulation strip has to be added in the anchor zone.
For calculation of a sandwich panel anchorage system, the weight and the position of centre of gravity must first be calculated.
After that, the bearing system can be selected. The permissible loads per anchor are determined in the next step, and based on
these, the required types are selected from the tables.
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Bearing manchet anchor TMA is a cylindrical sleeve made of stainless-steel plate, material W1.4571 (A4-quality) - AISI 316Ti.
That anchor can be used as a single bearing element combined with supporting anchors. Both ends of the anchors have two
rows of round holes and one row of oval holes. Reinforcement bars are inserted in the round holes and the oval holes are for
bonding with the concrete. The plate thickness (mm x 10), the height and the diameter of the anchor are marked on the surface
of the anchor for identification. TMA-XX-YYY-ZZZ, XX-plate thickness (mmx10), YYY-height (mm), ZZZ-manchet diameter
(mm). E.g.: TMA-10-125-051 for article no. 44139 – table 1.
Table 1
Height Diameter Spacing Thickness 1 mm Thickness 1.5 mm Thickness 2 mm
H D number Product Mass Product Mass Product Mass
mm mm N Symbol Symbol Symbol
no. kg no. kg no. kg
51 4 TMA-10-125-051 44139 0.14 TMA-15-125-051 43923 0.21 TMA-20-125-051 44145 0.27
76 6 TMA-10-125-076 44140 0.21 TMA-15-125-076 43924 0.31 TMA-20-125-076 44146 0.42
102 8 TMA-10-125-102 44141 0.28 TMA-15-125-102 43925 0.42 TMA-20-125-102 44147 0.56
125
127 10 TMA-10-125-127 44142 0.35 TMA-15-125-127 43926 0.53 TMA-20-125-127 44148 0.70
153 12 TMA-10-125-153 44143 0.43 TMA-15-125-153 43927 0.64 TMA-20-125-153 44149 0.85
178 14 TMA-10-125-178 44144 0.50 TMA-15-125-178 43928 0.74 TMA-20-125-178 44150 0.99
204 16 TMA-10-125-204 61448 0.87
229 18 TMA-10-125-229 61449 0.98
255 20 TMA-10-125-255 61450 1.09
280 22 TMA-10-125-280 61451 1.20
133 102 8 TMA-10-133-102 44151 0.30 TMA-15-133-102 44152 0.45 TMA-20-133-102 44153 0.60
51 4 TMA-10-150-051 44067 0.17 TMA-15-150-051 43409 0.26 TMA-20-150-051 44073 0.34
76 6 TMA-10-150-076 44068 0.26 TMA-15-150-076 43410 0.39 TMA-20-150-076 44074 0.51
102 8 TMA-10-150-102 44069 0.35 TMA-15-150-102 43411 0.52 TMA-20-150-102 44075 0.69
150 127 10 TMA-10-150-127 44070 0.44 TMA-15-150-127 43412 0.65 TMA-20-150-127 44076 0.86
153 12 TMA-10-150-153 44071 0.53 TMA-15-150-153 43413 0.78 TMA-20-150-153 44077 1.03
178 14 TMA-10-150-178 44072 0.62 TMA-15-150-178 43414 0.91 TMA-20-150-178 44078 1.21
204 16 TMA-15-150-204 60992 1.06
229 18 TMA-10-150-229 44990 0.80 TMA-15-150-229 60993 1.19
51 4 TMA-10-175-051 44154 0.20 TMA-15-175-051 43415 0.30 TMA-20-175-051 44164 0.40
175
76 6 TMA-10-175-076 44155 0.30 TMA-15-175-076 43416 0.45 TMA-20-175-076 44165 0.60
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ANCHOR HEIGHT
The anchor height (H) depends on the outer layer thickness (d) and on the insulation layer thickness (e) – Table 2.
H≥2xa+e
Table 2
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
d mm
60 H = 225
H = 150
70
80
90 H = 175 H = 200 H = 260 H = 300
H = 225
100
120
The embedded depth (a) of the manchet anchor depends on the outer layer thickness (d) and on the insulation layer thickness
(e) – Table 3.
Table 3
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
d mm
60 50 50
70 55 60
80 60 65
90 60 70
100 60 70
120 60 70
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ANCHORING IN CONCRETE
The reinforcement bars used for anchoring the manchet anchor are inserted in the round holes of both ends of the anchor,
paired in every row and positioned in the perpendicular direction (for large diameter). The anchoring bars are installed in the
outer layer and in the inner layer. The number and the length of the anchoring bars depend on the manchet anchor diameter,
indicated in following table.
Table 4
Manchet anchor Diameter Anchoring bars
Symbol
TMA mm BSt 500S
51
2 x 2 bars with diameter 6 mm
76
L = 500 mm
102
127
153
178
2 x 4 bars with diameter 6 mm
204
L = 700 mm
229
255
280
After establishing the height of the manchet anchor, the manchet anchor diameter is determined depending on the load (Q) of
the manchet anchor, the outer layer thickness and the insulated layer thickness – tables: 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the anchor for a three-layer sandwich panel, outer layer thickness d ≤ 80 mm
(N=4.2kN)
Table 5
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
D mm
51 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.0 8.6 7.4 6.2 5.2 4.4 3.7 3.0 2.4
76 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 14.4 12.8 11.1 9.7 8.7 8.2 7.6 7.0 6.0
102 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 13.5 12.5 11.8 11.2 10.7 10.3
127 27.0 27.0 27.0 25.5 23.5 21.0 19.0 16.9 15.7 14.7 13.8 13.1 12.5
153 32.5 32.5 32.5 30.5 28.0 25.5 23.0 20.1 18.9 17.8 16.5 15.5 14.5
178 38.0 38.0 37.5 35.0 32.0 29.5 26.5 23.1 21.7 20.5 19.4 18.4 17.5
204 43.0 43.0 42.5 39.5 36.5 33.5 30.5 26.3 24.7 23.3 22.0 20.8 19.8
229 48.5 48.5 47.5 44.0 41.0 37.5 34.0 29.2 27.5 25.9 24.5 23.3 22.2
255 54.0 54.0 52.0 49.0 44.0 40.0 38.0 32.4 30.4 28.7 27.1 25.7 24.5
280 59.0 59.0 57.0 52.0 46.0 41.0 38.0 35.3 33.2 31.3 29.6 28.0 26.7
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the anchor for a three-layer sandwich panel, outer layer thickness d = 90 mm
(N=5.8kN)
Table 6
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
D mm
51 10.8 10.8 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.8 4.0 3.5 2.8 2.1
76 16.2 16.2 15.0 14.0 12.8 11.5 10.0 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.1 5.7
102 21.5 21.5 21.0 19.5 17.5 16.5 14.2 11.0 10.3 9.6 9.2 8.7 8.4
127 27.0 27.0 26.5 24.0 22.0 20.2 17.9 14.0 13.2 12.5 11.8 11.2 10.6
153 32.5 32.5 31.5 29.0 26.5 24.5 22.1 17.2 16.2 15.1 14.5 13.7 13.0
178 38.0 38.0 37.0 33.0 32.0 28.5 26.0 20.2 19.0 18.0 17.0 16.1 15.5
204 43.0 43.0 42.0 38.0 35.0 32.5 29.5 23.7 22.1 20.9 19.8 18.7 17.8
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229 48.5 48.6 47.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 33.0 26.8 25.0 23.6 22.4 21.2 20.1
255 54.0 54.0 52.0 48.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 29.8 28.0 26.5 25.0 23.7 22.8
280 59.0 59.0 57.0 51.0 45.0 41.0 37.0 32.8 30.8 29.0 27.5 25.9 24.9
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the anchor for a three-layer sandwich panel, outer layer thickness d = 100 mm
(N=6.8kN)
Table 7
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
D mm
51 6.0 6.6 5.4 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.6
76 15.2 14.3 13.9 11.3 10.8 9.6 8.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.1
102 21.5 21.0 19.0 17.2 15.9 14.3 13.0 8.0 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.3 6.0
127 27.0 26.5 24.7 22.6 20.8 18.8 16.8 14.5 10.5 10.0 9.4 8.9 8.5
153 32.5 32.4 30.0 27.8 25.5 23.2 21.0 17.8 13.6 13.0 12.2 11.6 11.1
178 38.0 37.9 35.1 32.1 30.0 27.5 24.7 21.1 16.5 15.9 14.9 14.1 13.5
204 43.0 42.9 40.3 37.5 34.3 32.0 28.0 24.3 19.8 18.7 17.6 16.7 15.9
229 48.5 48.4 45.3 42.5 39.3 36.3 32.2 27.6 22.6 21.5 20.3 19.3 18.2
255 54.0 54.0 50.4 47.0 42.6 39.5 36.5 30.4 25.7 24.6 23.1 21.8 20.8
280 59.0 58.9 55.3 50.8 45.0 40.2 36.5 35.1 28.5 27.2 25.5 24.2 23.1
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the anchor for a three-layer sandwich panel, outer layer thickness d = 110 mm and
120 mm (N=9.3kN)
Table 8
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
D mm
51
76
102 15.0 14.5 13.0 11.5 10.5 9.8 8.6
127 23.0 21.5 20.0 18.5 16.5 15.5 13.5
153 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.5 18.5
178 36.0 33.0 32.0 28.0 27.0 24.0 22.0 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.0
204 42.5 39.0 37.0 34.0 32.0 28.5 26.5 10.0 9.2 8.6 8.0 7.9 7.8
229 48.0 45.0 42.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 30.0 14.0 13.6 12.6 12.0 11.5 11.1
255 54.0 50.2 48.0 43.0 42.0 38.0 34.0 18.4 17.4 16.3 15.3 14.6 14.2
280 59.0 56.2 52.5 48.0 43.0 39.0 34.0 22.0 21.0 19.7 18.6 17.5 17.0
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the anchor for a four-layer sandwich panel, outer layer thickness d ≤ 80 mm
Table 9
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
D mm
51 6.3 5.6 4.9 4.2
76 12.6 11.2 10.0 8.7
102 18.0 16.5 14.5 13.0
127 23.0 21.0 19.0 17.0
153 28.0 26.0 23.5 21.2
No air cavity possible No tests executed
178 33.0 30.5 28.0 25.0
204 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0
229 42.5 39.5 36.0 33.0
255 47.0 43.0 39.0 37.0
280 50.0 45.0 40.0 37.0
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Bearing anchor TFA is an anchor made of stainless-steel plate, material W1.4571 (A4-quality) - AISI 316Ti. This anchor can
only be used in combination with a TMA manchet anchor or with other TFA plate anchors as bearing anchors. Both ends of the
anchors have two rows of round holes and one row of oval holes. Reinforcement bars are inserted in the round holes, and the
oval holes are for binding with the concrete. The plate thickness (mm x 10), the height and the length of the anchor are marked
on the surface of the anchor for identification. TFA-XX-YYY-ZZZ, XX-plate thickness (mmx10), YYY-height (mm), ZZZ-plate
length (mm). E.g.: TFA-10-150-0080 for article no. 44175 –Table 12.
Table 12
Height Length Spacing Thickness 1 mm Thickness 1.5 mm Thickness 2 mm
H L number Product Mass Product Mass Product Mass
mm mm N Symbol Symbol Symbol
no. kg no. kg no. kg
80 2 TFA-15-125-0080 62561 0.11
120 3 TFA-15-125-0120 62562 0.16
160 4 TFA-15-125-0160 62563 0.22
125
200 5 TFA-15-125-0200 62564 0.27
240 6 TFA-15-125-0240 65565 0.32
1200 30 TFA-15-125-1200 44842 1.60
40 1 TFA-10-150-0040 44174 0.04 TFA-15-150-0040 43455 0.07 TFA-20-150-0040 44185 0.09
80 2 TFA-10-150-0080 44175 0.09 TFA-15-150-0080 43456 0.13 TFA-20-150-0080 44186 0.17
120 3 TFA-10-150-0120 44176 0.13 TFA-15-150-0120 43457 0.20 TFA-20-150-0120 44187 0.26
160 4 TFA-10-150-0160 44177 0.17 TFA-15-150-0160 43458 0.26 TFA-20-150-0160 44188 0.35
200 5 TFA-10-150-0200 44178 0.22 TFA-15-150-0200 43459 0.33 TFA-20-150-0200 44189 0.44
150 240 6 TFA-10-150-0240 44179 0.26 TFA-15-150-0240 43460 0.39 TFA-20-150-0240 44190 0.52
280 7 TFA-10-150-0280 44180 0.30 TFA-15-150-0280 43461 0.46 TFA-20-150-0280 44191 0.61
320 8 TFA-10-150-0320 44181 0.35 TFA-15-150-0320 43462 0.52 TFA-20-150-0320 44192 0.70
360 9 TFA-10-150-0360 44182 0.39 TFA-15-150-0360 43463 0.59 TFA-20-150-0360 44193 0.78
400 10 TFA-10-150-0400 44183 0.44 TFA-15-150-0400 43464 0.65 TFA-20-150-0400 44194 0.87
1200 30 TFA-10-150-1200 44184 1.31 TFA-15-150-1200 44063 1.96 TFA-20-150-1200 44195 2.61
40 1 TFA-10-175-0040 44196 0.05 TFA-15-175-0040 43465 0.08 TFA-20-175-0040 44207 0.10
80 2 TFA-10-175-0080 44197 0.10 TFA-15-175-0080 43466 0.15 TFA-20-175-0080 44208 0.21
120 3 TFA-10-175-0120 44198 0.15 TFA-15-175-0120 43467 0.23 TFA-20-175-0120 44209 0.31
175
160 4 TFA-10-175-0160 44199 0.21 TFA-15-175-0160 43468 0.31 TFA-20-175-0160 44210 0.41
200 5 TFA-10-175-0200 44200 0.26 TFA-15-175-0200 43469 0.39 TFA-20-175-0200 44211 0.51
240 6 TFA-10-175-0240 44201 0.31 TFA-15-175-0240 43470 0.46 TFA-20-175-0240 44212 0.62
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Table 13
Height Length Spacing Thickness 3 mm
H L number Product Mass
mm mm N Symbol
no. kg
40 1 TFA-30-150-0040 43717 0.13
80 2 TFA-30-150-0080 43718 0.26
130 3 TFA-30-150-0130 43719 0.42
160 4 TFA-30-150-0160 43720 0.51
300 7 TFA-30-150-0300 43721 0.96
150
330 8 TFA-30-150-0330 43724 1.05
340 8 TFA-30-150-0340 43722 1.08
360 9 TFA-30-150-0360 43725 1.14
380 9 TFA-30-150-0380 43723 1.21
400 10 TFA-30-150-0400 43726 1.28
40 1 TFA-30-175-0040 43727 0.16
80 2 TFA-30-175-0080 43728 0.31
130 3 TFA-30-175-0130 43729 0.50
160 4 TFA-30-175-0160 43730 0.61
300 7 TFA-30-175-0300 43731 1.14
175
330 8 TFA-30-175-0330 43734 1.25
340 8 TFA-30-175-0340 43732 1.30
360 9 TFA-30-175-0360 43735 1.37
380 9 TFA-30-175-0380 43733 1.44
400 10 TFA-30-175-0400 43736 1.52
225 400 10 TFA-30-225-0400 48986 2.00
80 2 TFA-30-260-0080 48670 0.47
120 3 TFA-30-260-0120 48666 0.70
160 4 TFA-30-260-0160 48667 0.94
260
220 5 TFA-30-260-0220 48668 1.28
240 6 TFA-30-260-0240 48669 1.40
400 10 TFA-30-260-0400 48410 2.33
40 1 TFA-30-280-0040 60717 0.25
80 2 TFA-30-280-0080 60718 0.51
120 3 TFA-30-280-0120 60719 0.76
160 4 TFA-30-280-0160 46944 1.02
200 5 TFA-30-280-0200 60720 1.26
280
240 6 TFA-30-280-0240 49520 1.52
280 7 TFA-30-280-0280 60721 1.77
320 8 TFA-30-280-0320 60722 2.02
360 9 TFA-30-280-0360 46945 2.27
400 10 TFA-30-280-0400 46636 2.53
40 1 TFA-30-300-0040 43737 0.28
80 2 TFA-30-300-0080 43738 0.55
120 3 TFA-30-300-0120 48243 0.82
130 3 TFA-30-300-0130 43739 0.88
300
160 4 TFA-30-300-0160 43740 1.09
200 5 TFA-30-300-0200 48242 1.36
240 6 TFA-30-300-0240 60668 1.63
280 7 TFA-30-300-0280 46292 1.90
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ANCHOR HEIGHT
The anchor height depends on the minimum outer layer embedment depth a ≥ 50 mm and insulation layer thickness (e) –Table
14. For larger embedment depths, greater than 50 mm, the anchor dimension “H” has to be chosen accordingly.
H≥2xa+e
Table 14
e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 160 180 200 240
H mm
H = 150 s = 1.5
H = 175 s = 1.5
H = 200 s = 1.5
H = 200 s = 2.0
H = 225 s = 1.5
H = 225 s = 2.0
H = 260 s = 2.0
H = 260 s = 3.0
H = 280 s = 3.0
H = 300 s = 3.0
H = 350 s = 3.0
The minimum embedment depth for the TFA plate anchor is approximately 50 mm. A larger embedment depth can determine an
increase of the load-bearing capacity or a higher safety factor to prevent concrete fracture. For the plate anchor, the limitation of
use regarding the outer layer thickness does not apply.
ANCHORING IN CONCRETE
The reinforcement bars used for anchoring the plate anchor are inserted in the round holes of both ends of the anchor. The
anchoring bars are installed in the outer layer and in the inner layer. The number and the length of the anchoring bars depend
on the plate anchor length – Table 15.
Table 15
Anchoring bars
Plate anchor Anchor length L
Symbol BSt 500S
TFA mm
l = 400 mm
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 21
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The length of the TFA plate anchor depends on the load and the insulation layer thickness, indicated in the tables.
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the plate anchor with thickness s = 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm for a three-layer sandwich panel,
outer layer thickness d ≤ 80 mm (N=4.2kN)
Table 16
s e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 150 180 200 240
mm L mm
1.5 40 2.3 1.8 1.3 1.0 0.8
2.0 40 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4
3.0 40 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.7
1.5 80 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.5 3.9 3.2 2.5 1.9 1.3 0.5
2.0 80 7.0 6.1 5.1 4.3 3.7 3.1 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.7
3.0 80 4.6 4.4 4.2 3.5
1.5 120 8.5 8.1 7.7 7.4 6.9 6.3 5.7 5.1 3.6 2.6
2.0 120 10.2 9.5 8.8 8.2 7.4 6.5 5.7 5.2 4.7 4.2
3.0 120 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.1
1.5 160 11.5 11.1 10.7 10.3 9.8 9.3 8.7 7.9 6.8 5.1
2.0 160 14.5 13.6 12.6 11.7 11.1 10.4 9.8 9.1 8.4 7.7
3.0 160 9.4 9.0 8.5 7.2
1.5 200 14.6 14.2 13.7 13.3 12.8 12.3 11.7 10.8 9.6 7.8
2.0 200 19.3 18.3 17.2 16.2 15.3 14.4 13.5 12.6 11.7 10.3
3.0 200 13.0 12.4 11.7 10.0
1.5 240 17.7 17.3 16.8 16.3 15.7 15.2 14.7 13.8 12.5 10.6
2.0 240 23.3 22.4 21.6 20.8 19.7 18.6 17.5 16.3 15.2 13.5
3.0 240 17.4 16.6 15.7 13.8
1.5 280 20.8 20.3 19.8 19.3 18.8 18.2 17.7 16.7 15.1 13.7
2.0 280 27.3 26.5 25.8 25.0 23.9 22.6 21.5 20.1 18.7 17.0
3.0 280 22.6 21.5 20.4 17.5
1.5 320 23.9 23.4 22.9 22.4 21.7 21.2 20.6 19.7 18.5 16.9
2.0 320 31.2 31.0 30.7 30.5 28.8 27.2 25.6 23.9 22.2 20.0
3.0 320 28.7 27.3 25.9 22.5
1.5 360 26.9 26.5 26.0 25.5 24.8 24.3 23.5 22.6 21.5 20.0
2.0 360 35.5 35.3 35.0 34.8 33.1 31.4 29.7 27.9 26.2 24.0
3.0 360 35.5 33.8 32.0 28.0
1.5 400 30.0 29.6 29.1 28.6 27.9 27.2 26.4 25.5 24.5 23.1
2.0 400 39.4 39.3 39.1 38.9 37.3 35.5 33.8 31.9 30.1 28.0
3.0 400 43.2 41.1 39.0 34.0
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 22
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the plate anchor with thickness s = 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm for a three-layer sandwich panel,
outer layer thickness d = 90 mm (N = 5.8kN)
Table 17
s e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 150 180 200 240
mm L mm
1.5 40 1.9 1.6 1.0 0.5
2.0 40 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6
3.0 40 2.8 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.5
1.5 80 5.0 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.2 2.7 1.9 0.9
2.0 80 6.0 5.3 4.5 3.8 3.2 2.5 1.8
3.0 80 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.3 1.6
1.5 120 8.0 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.2 5.5 4.8 4.0 2.4 1.0
2.0 120 8.7 8.2 7.7 7.2 6.3 5.3 4.4 3.1
3.0 120 8.8 8.3 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.1 5.2 4.6 4.2 2.5
1.5 160 11.2 10.8 10.2 9.6 9.1 8.5 7.8 6.8 5.5 3.3
2.0 160 12.9 12.1 11.3 10.5 9.8 9.2 8.5 5.8
3.0 160 13.0 12.2 11.3 10.5 10.0 9.4 8.9 7.6 6.7 6.0 5.4
1.5 200 14.3 13.7 13.2 12.6 12.1 11.5 10.8 9.7 8.3 6.1
2.0 200 18.3 17.1 15.8 14.6 13.7 12.9 12.0 9.0
3.0 200 18.4 17.2 16.0 14.8 14.0 13.3 12.5 10.6 9.5 8.5 7.5
1.5 240 17.5 16.8 16.2 15.7 15.0 14.5 13.8 12.7 11.3 9.0
2.0 240 22.8 21.9 20.9 20.0 18.8 17.7 16.5 12.0
3.0 240 25.0 23.3 21.7 20.0 19.0 18.0 17.0 14.9 13.0 11.5 10.4
1.5 280 20.6 20.0 19.4 18.7 18.0 17.4 16.8 15.1 14.0 12.0
2.0 280 26.8 26.8 25.1 24.3 23.0 21.8 20.5 15.5
3.0 280 33.0 30.8 28.7 26.5 25.2 23.8 22.5 19.2 17.0 15.0 13.5
1.5 320 23.5 23.0 22.5 21.8 21.1 20.5 19.7 18.5 17.1 15.2
2.0 320 30.8 30.4 29.9 29.5 27.9 26.2 24.6 18.5
3.0 320 42.0 39.3 36.7 34.0 32.2 32.2 28.5 24.6 21.5 19.2 17.3
1.5 360 26.6 26.2 25.5 24.9 24.0 23.5 22.6 21.5 20.1 18.5
2.0 360 35.0 34.7 34.5 34.2 32.4 30.6 28.8 21.5
3.0 360 52.3 49.0 45.8 42.5 40.2 37.8 35.5 30.8 27.0 24.0 21.6
1.5 400 29.8 29.2 28.5 28.0 27.3 26.4 25.5 24.5 23.0 21.5
2.0 400 39.0 38.8 38.5 38.3 36.5 34.6 32.8 26.4
3.0 400 60.0 57.2 54.3 51.5 48.8 46.2 43.5 37.5 32.8 29.5 26.5
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 23
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the plate anchor with thickness s = 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm for a three-layer sandwich panel,
outer layer thickness d = 100 mm (N = 6.8kN)
Table 18
s e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 150 180 200 240
mm L mm
1.5 40 1.6 1.2 0.5
2.0 40 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.2
3.0 40 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.5
1.5 80 4.7 4.4 3.5 3.4 2.7 1.9 1.2 0.2
2.0 80 5.0 4.5 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.1 1.6
3.0 80 5.1 4.7 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.1 0.6
1.5 120 7.8 7.4 6.9 6.4 5.7 5.0 4.2 3.3 1.4
2.0 120 7.8 7.3 6.8 6.2 5.5 4.7 2.9 2.8
3.0 120 7.9 7.3 6.8 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.4 4.6 4.0 3.5 3.4
1.5 160 10.9 10.4 9.8 9.3 8.6 7.9 7.2 6.1 4.8 2.3
2.0 160 11.8 11.1 9.5 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 5.3 2.2
3.0 160 11.9 11.1 9.5 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 6.8 6.0 5.3 4.8
1.5 200 14.0 13.4 12.8 12.3 11.6 10.9 10.2 9.0 7.6 5.0
2.0 200 16.9 15.9 14.8 13.7 12.9 12.1 11.3 8.4 5.0
3.0 200 17.0 15.9 14.8 13.7 12.9 12.1 11.3 9.9 8.7 7.7 6.4
1.5 240 17.0 16.5 15.8 15.3 14.6 13.9 13.2 12.0 10.5 8.0
2.0 240 22.5 21.3 20.0 18.8 17.7 16.7 15.7 11.6 8.0
3.0 240 24.5 22.6 20.8 18.9 18.1 17.4 15.7 13.6 12.0 10.7 9.6
1.5 280 20.1 19.6 19.0 18.3 17.6 16.8 16.1 14.9 13.4 11.0
2.0 280 26.3 25.9 25.3 24.8 23.1 21.5 19.8 15.0 11.0
3.0 280 32.4 31.2 30.1 25.0 23.6 22.3 21.0 18.1 16.0 14.2 12.8
1.5 320 23.2 22.7 22.1 21.3 20.6 19.8 19.0 17.8 16.4 14.0
2.0 320 30.6 30.1 29.5 29.0 27.3 25.7 24.0 18.1 14.0
3.0 320 41.8 38.6 35.4 32.2 30.5 28.9 27.2 23.2 20.4 18.2 16.5
1.5 360 26.2 25.7 25.1 24.5 23.6 22.7 22.0 20.7 19.4 17.2
2.0 360 34.6 34.3 34.0 33.7 31.8 29.9 28.0 22.0 17.2
3.0 360 52.0 48.2 44.5 40.7 38.5 36.3 34.1 29.4 25.8 23.0 20.7
1.5 400 29.4 28.8 28.2 27.4 26.7 25.8 24.8 23.6 22.4 20.4
2.0 400 38.7 38.4 38.0 37.7 35.8 34.0 32.1 25.8 20.4
3.0 400 60.0 56.6 53.2 49.8 47.1 44.5 41.9 36.1 31.7 28.3 25.4
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 24
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The permitted load Qadm (kN) on the plate anchor with thickness s = 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm for a three-layer sandwich panel,
outer layer thickness d = 110 mm and d = 120 mm (N = 9.4 kN)
Table 19
s e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 150 180 210 240
mm L mm
1.5 40
2.0 40
3.0 40
1.5 80
2.0 80
3.0 80
1.5 120 4.0 3.8 3.3 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.0
2.0 120 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.5
3.0 120 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.1
1.5 160 9.7 8.9 8.0 7.0 6.7 6.3 5.7 4.8 3.2 0.3
2.0 160 7.1 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.5 5.2 4.8 3.5
3.0 160 7.1 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.1 3.8 3.3 3.0
1.5 200 13.5 12.8 12.3 11.5 10.6 9.8 9.0 7.8 5.0 3.0
2.0 200 12.1 11.4 10.6 9.9 9.3 8.8 8.2 6.5
3.0 200 12.1 11.4 10.6 10.0 9.4 8.8 8.2 7.1 6.4 5.6 5.0
1.5 240 16.5 16.0 15.1 14.3 13.5 12.8 12.0 10.5 8.6 5.8
2.0 240 18.0 16.8 15.7 14.5 13.8 13.2 12.3 9.8
3.0 240 18.0 17.0 16.0 15.0 14.1 13.3 12.4 10.5 9.3 8.5 7.5
1.5 280 19.7 19.0 18.4 17.6 16.5 15.7 15.0 13.5 11.6 9.0
2.0 280 25.4 23.8 22.2 20.5 19.5 18.5 17.3 13.1
3.0 280 25.4 23.8 22.2 20.5 19.5 18.5 17.4 15.0 13.0 12.0 10.5
1.5 320 22.5 22.1 21.5 20.5 19.7 18.5 17.9 16.5 14.6 12.0
2.0 320 29.9 29.1 28.3 27.5 25.9 24.2 22.6 16.1
3.0 320 34.0 31.8 29.7 27.5 26.1 24.6 23.2 20.0 17.5 15.8 14.0
1.5 360 25.9 25.2 24.5 23.6 22.7 21.6 20.8 19.5 17.6 15.2
2.0 360 34.0 33.5 33.1 32.6 30.7 28.7 26.8 20.0
3.0 360 44.0 41.2 38.3 35.5 33.7 31.8 30.0 26.0 22.8 20.3 18.0
1.5 400 29.0 28.3 27.6 26.8 25.8 24.7 23.7 22.3 20.6 18.4
2.0 400 38.0 37.6 37.2 36.8 34.8 32.8 30.8 24.0
3.0 400 55.0 51.5 48.0 44.5 42.2 39.8 37.5 32.5 28.4 25.5 22.5
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 25
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Permissible distance “S” (cm) between plate anchor TFA and the anchorage centre (fulcrum) for anchor with thickness
s = de 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 mm for a three or four-layer sandwich panel with outer layer thickness d ≤ 120 mm
Table 20
s e mm
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 150 180 210 240
mm L mm
1.5 40 150 230 320
2.0 40 360 360 370 460
3.0 40 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980 1120
1.5 80 200 330 350
2.0 80 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 80 1120
1.5 120 200 330 350
2.0 120 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 120 1120
1.5 160 200 330 350
2.0 160 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 160 1120
1.5 200 200 330 350
2.0 200 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 200 1120
1.5 240 200 330 350
2.0 240 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 240 1120
1.5 280 200 330 350
2.0 280 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 280 1120
1.5 320 200 330 350
2.0 320 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 320 1120
1.5 360 200 330 350
2.0 360 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 360 1120
1.5 400 200 330 350
2.0 400 360 360 370 420 460 510 560 700 840 980
3.0 400 1120
The maximum permissible values for the distance between the plate anchor and the anchorage centre in the sandwich panel is
indicated in the table above (Table 20). When f this value is exceeded, the mobility of the plate anchor must be ensured by
applying an extra strip of insulation in the anchor zone. This increases the insulation layer thickness, allowing S to be greater
than specified in the table.
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 26
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 27
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 28
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
SUPPORTING ANCHORS
The straight TVH hairpin is made of stainless steel AISI 316 wire (W1.4401 – A4 quality) in diameters 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm and 5.0
mm, bent into a “U” shape.
The straight TVH hairpin is mainly used in the negative production method for sandwich panels.
SUPPORTING ANCHOR -
HAIRPIN “TVH”
The available TVH supporting anchors are presented in the next table.
Table 23
Wire diameter Straight hairpin Length L Unbent length Mass
Product no.
mm TVH mm mm kg
3.0 -120 43374 120 273 0.013
3.0 -140 43375 140 313 0.015
3.0 -160 43376 160 353 0.017
3
3.0 -200 43377 200 433 0.021
3.0 -220 43378 220 473 0.023
3.0 -240 43379 240 513 0.025
4.0 -160 43380 160 349 0.034
4.0 -200 43381 200 429 0.042
4 4.0 -230 43382 230 489 0.048
4.0 -250 43383 250 529 0.052
4.0 -280 43384 280 589 0.058
5.0 -185 45852 185 396 0.061
5.0 -200 43385 200 426 0.065
5.0 -230 43386 230 486 0.074
5 5.0 -250 43387 250 526 0.081
5.0 -280 43388 280 586 0.090
5.0 -320 43389 320 666 0.102
5.0 -380 47006 380 800 0.124
The straight TVH hairpin dimensions depend on the outer layer thickness and the insulation layer thickness. The maximum
value for the distance between the hairpin and the anchorage centre (fulcrum) Shmax in m are indicated in Table 24. These
values for “Sh” ensure sufficient mobility of hairpin TVH and prevent the deterioration caused by the additional constraining
forces. If the permissible values are exceeded, additional insulation strip must be added in the hairpin area in order to guarantee
the necessary mobility.
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 29
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Table 24
d The insulation layer thickness e mm
mm 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Ø-L 3 -140 3 -160 4 -200 4 -230 4 -250
60
Shmax 1.6 2.6 3.8 5.3 5.3 6.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
Ø-L 4 -160 4 -200 4 -230 5 -250 5 -280 5 -320
70
Shmax 1.3 2.6 2.9 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
Ø-L 4 -160 4 -200 4 -230 5 -250 5 -280 5 -320
80
Shmax 1.3 2.6 2.9 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
Ø-L 4 -160 4 -200 4 -230 5 -250 5 -280 5 -320
90
Shmax 1.3 2.6 2.9 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
Ø-L 4 -160 4 -200 5 -200 5 -230 5 -250 5 -280 5 -320
100
Shmax 1.3 2.6 2.9 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
Ø-L 5 -200 5 -230 5 -250 5 -280 5 -320
120
Shmax 1.3 2.6 2.9 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
The approximate minimum length of the hairpin can be calculated using the formula:
L = d (outer layer thickness) + e (insulation layer thickness) + a (embedded length)
The embedded length of the supporting anchor –Table Proposed loads values for hairpin TVH are founded in Table 26
25: below:
Table 25 Table 26
e mm Wire diameter Pressure Suction
30 - 90 100 - 150
d mm TVH kN kN
60 50 55 3.0 mm 1.98 kN for d = 60 mm 3.32
70 55 62 4.0 mm 3.92 kN for d = 90 mm 3.92
80 60 70 5.0 mm 5.85 kN for d = 120 mm 3.92
90 60 70
100 60 70
120 60 70
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Page 30
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The straight TVH hairpin is introduced above a crossing of the inner layer reinforcement bar, through the insulation layer, into
the outer layer, down to the base of the formwork. To prevent the hairpin ends from becoming visible on the face, it is necessary
to pull the hairpin back a bit after it comes in contact with the formwork base (concrete washed finish, blasted, structured or
polished concrete). Inserting this way down to the bottom of the formwork guarantees the required embedded depth for the
waved end > 50 mm. The minimum embedment depth of the closed end in the inner layer is the same as for the mounting depth
of the bearing manchet anchor.
It is necessary to vibrate the concrete after this.
Please note: contact between the poker vibrator and the installed sandwich panel anchors must be avoided during the
compaction process.
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 31
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The clip on TVA hairpin is made of stainless steel AISI 316 wire (W1.4401 0 – A4 quality) in diameters 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm and 5.0
mm in a “U” shape; the closed end is bent at a 90° angle.
The clip on TVA hairpin is mainly used in the positive production method for sandwich panels. These hairpins have to be
installed in a node of the reinforcement mesh before the concrete is poured. This type of installation ensures a minimum
embedment depth.
SUPPORTING ANCHOR
CLIP ON HAIRPIN “TVA”
Table 27
Wire diameter Clip on hairpin Length L Mass
Product no. Unbent length mm
mm TVA mm kg
3.0 -120 43397 120 372 0.018
3.0 -140 43398 140 412 0.020
3
3.0 -160 43399 160 452 0.022
3.0 -190 43400 190 512 0.025
4.0 -160 43401 160 445 0.044
4.0 -200 43402 200 525 0.048
4 4.0 -230 43575 230 585 0.056
4.0 -250 43403 250 625 0.062
4.0 -280 43404 280 685 0.068
5.0 -200 43405 200 520 0.080
5.0 -250 43406 250 620 0.095
5
5.0 -280 43407 280 680 0.105
5.0 -320 43408 320 760 0.117
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 32
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Table 28
Hairpin TVA with wire diameters of 3.0 and 4.0 mm Hairpin TVA with wire diameter of 5.0 mm
2. The anchor
set upright is
2. The anchor is
pushed onto the
rotated anti-
lower
clockwise.
reinforcement
bar.
3. The rotated
3. The hairpin is
anchor is
sprung with a
stopped in this
light pressure.
position.
4. A nail is
inserted in this
4. The anchor is
position over the
attached in this
notches of the
position at the
hairpin and
reinforcement
under the upper
crossing.
reinforcement
bar.
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 33
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The stick in TVB hairpin is made of stainless steel AISI 316 wire (W1.4401 – A4 quality) with diameters of 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm and
5.0 mm. This hairpin can be used as an alternative to the TVA hairpin.
SUPPORTING ANCHOR
STICK IN HAIRPIN “TVB”
The available supporting TVB anchors are presented in the table below:
Table 29
Wire diameter Stick in hairpin Length L Mass
Product no. Unbent length mm
mm TVB mm kg
3.0 -150 43390 150 388 0.018
3 3.0 -175 43391 175 428 0.020
3.0 -200 43392 200 489 0.023
4.0 -160 43393 160 389 0.036
4.0 -175 43394 175 429 0.040
4 4.0 -200 43395 200 489 0.046
4.0 -220 46777 220 519 0.053
4.0 -250 43396 250 579 0.055
5.0 -250 46778 250 580 0.091
5
5.0 -280 45461 280 640 0.101
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 34
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Table 30
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 35
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The supporting anchors TVA and TVB dimensions depend on the outer layer thickness and the insulation thickness. The
maximum values for “Sh” are the same as those indicated for the straight TVH hairpin.
Table 31
d The insulation layer thickness e mm
mm 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
TVA 3 -140 3 -140 3 -160 4 -200 4 -250
60
TVB 3 -150 4 -175 4 -200 4 -250
TVA 4 -160 4 -200 4 -250 5 -280
70
TVB 4 -160 4 -175 4 -200 4 -250 5 -280
TVA 4 -160 4 -200 5 -250 5 -280
80
TVB 4 -160 4 -175 4 -200 Supporting hairpin TVA has to be applied.
TVA 4 -160 4 -200 4 -250 5 -250 5 -280
90
TVB 4 -160 4 -175 4 -200 Supporting hairpin TVA has to be applied.
TVA 4 -160 4 -200 5 -200 5 -250 5 -280
100
TVB 4 -160 4 175 4 -200 Supporting hairpin TVA has to be applied.
TVA 5 -200 5 -250 5 -280 5 -320
120
TVB Supporting hairpin TVA has to be applied.
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
Page 36
Dec-18
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
The supporting anchors are type tested. A special dimensioning of these supporting hairpins is not necessary when they are
used in combination with a bearing anchor, manchet or plate anchor if the following situations are observed:
The maximum distance between hairpins must not exceed 1.2 m. For large adhesion forces to the formwork such as textured
finishes, the maximum distance between hairpins must not exceed 0.9 m. The positioning grid for the hairpins must not exceed
or fall below the ratio 3:4 or respectively 4:3.
The second hairpin at the diagonal must be double. If a manchet anchor or a plate anchor is placed in that position, the use of a
double hairpin can be avoided.
Normally the outer layer projects more than 200 mm; in that case, double hairpins with d = 4.0 mm are to be used for the first
vertical row.
TORSION ANCHORS
Torsion anchors prevent the outer layer from twisting around the load-bearing layer. The type of torsion anchor has to be
dimensioned taking in to account an unintentional eccentricity of the installation of the bearing anchor (the bearing anchor is
placed a bit off the vertical centre of gravity line). This eccentricity is supposed to be 5% of the overall length of the sandwich
panel, with a minimum value of 100 mm. When at least 2 bearing anchors are used to support the facing layer, it is not
necessary to install a torsion anchor. The load distribution principle is then beam at 2 support points. The outer layer is
additionally connected to the load-bearing layer using supporting anchors.
Table 32
0,1 𝑥 𝐿
𝑄= 𝑥𝐺
0.9 𝑥 𝐿 − 2 𝑥 𝑎
Torsion anchors consist of two hairpins inserted into one another almost perpendicularly and placed at an angle of 45° to the
concrete surface. These anchors act like a hinge bar. Two straight TVH hairpins made of stainless steel AISI 316 wire (W1.4401
– A4 quality) with diameters of 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm are used as a torsion anchor. The TFA plate anchor may be used as a
torsion anchor when the load that acts on the torsion anchor exceeds that which can be supported by cross connected TVH
anchors.
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
Table 33
d L Ø Insulation layer thickness e mm
mm mm mm 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 - 240
200 4.0 3.3 3.3
200 5.0 6.9 6.9
250 4.0 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.6
60
250 5.0
280 4.0
280 5.0 3.9 3.5
200 4.0 3.0 3.0
200 5.0 6.6 6.6
250 4.0 3.0 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.1
70
250 5.0 6.6 6.3 5.6 5.0 4.5 3.9
280 4.0
280 5.0 3.4 3.0
200 4.0 2.4 2.4
200 5.0 6.0 6.0
A TFA
250 4.0 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.1 plate
80
250 5.0 6.0 5.6 5.0 4.4 3.8 3.3 anchor is
280 4.0 indicated.
280 5.0 2.8 2.2
200 4.0 3.1 2.6
200 5.0 7.2 6.4
250 4.0 2.1 1.7 1.3 0.9
90
250 5.0 5.8 5.1 4.5 4.0 3.4
280 4.0
280 5.0 2.5 1.8
200 4.0
200 5.0 5.8 5.0
250 4.0
120
250 5.0 4.4 3.7 3.1 2.6 2.0
280 4.0
280 5.0 1.1 1.1
The permissible crossed hairpins load is indicated in Table 33. The most unfavourable loads from wind and temperature must
be considered in the calculation. Keeping the indications from above in mind, the load on torsion anchor is calculated using the
formula indicated in Table 32.
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
CALCULATION EXAMPLES
5,1𝑚
𝑆𝑥 = = 2,55𝑚
2
For e = 60 mm, d = 70 mm and permissible load Q adm = 6.3 kN >2.87 kN, the result is two anchors TVH of 5.0 mm and L = 250
mm cross connected.
The supporting anchors are straight TVH hairpins.
Because the inner layer is shorter in height than the outer layer 2.7 m – 2.2 m = 0.5 m >0.2 m in the upper row, the supporting
anchors must be doubled.
Table 24 indicates anchor TVH 4.0 – 200.
Check the distance to the anchorage centre “Sh”. Sh = 2.6 m< Sh max = 4 m (table 24).
20 TVH anchors are required.
Conclusion: the anchorage system for this sandwich panel with no openings consists of:
Table 34
Anchorage system Quantity Anchor type
Bearing anchor 1 TMA - 1.5 - 175 - 127
Torsion anchor 2 TVH – 5.0 – 250
Supporting anchor 20 TVH – 4.0 - 200
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
5,1 1,5
[13,77 𝑥 −2,1 𝑥 (2,4+ )]
2 2
Sx = = 2.442
13,77−2,1
m
(4,5−2,442)
Load of the TMA anchor = 20.4 x = 13.33 kN
4,5−1,35
2,442−1,35
Load of the TFA anchor TFA = 20.4 x = 7.07 kN
4,5−1,35
Table 5 gives the required diameter of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 60 mm and permissible
load 16.2 kN > 13.33 kN, indicating a TMA anchor with D = 76 mm.
Table 2 indicates the anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 60 mm; d = 70 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 4 in function of anchor diameter D = 76 mm respectively 2 x 2 bars with diameter 6
mm; length 500 mm.
According to Table 1 a TMA anchor TMA – 1.5 -175 – 76 is indicated (e.g.: product no. 43416).
Table 35
Anchorage system Quantity Anchor type
Bearing anchor - left 1 TMA - 1.5 - 175 - 76
Bearing anchor - right 1 TFA - 1.5 - 175 - 120
Supporting anchor 16 TVH – 4.0 - 200
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
EXAMPLE 3 - SANDWICH PANEL WITH TWO OPENINGS FOR WINDOW AND DOOR
𝐺=
𝑘𝑁
(13,77𝑚2 − 2,1𝑚2 − 2,25𝑚) 𝑥 0,07𝑚 𝑥 25 3 =
𝑚
16,5 𝑘𝑁
2,9−2,43
Load capacity of the TFA anchor =16.5 x = 3.23 kN
2,9−0,5
2,43−0,5
Load capacity of the TMA anchor = 16.5 x = 13.27 kN
2,9−0,5
Table 16 is obtained the necessary length of the anchor depending on the insulation layer thickness 60.mm and permissible
load 4.5 kN >3.23 kN results an anchor TFA with s = 1.5mm and L = 80.mm.
Table indicates anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 60 mm; d = 70 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen in function of anchor length L = 80 mm respectively 2 x 4 bars with diameter 6 mm, length 400
mm.
Check the distance between anchor TFA and anchorage centre VZ.
Right bearing anchor: a TMA plate anchor.
Table 5 gives the required diameter of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 60 mm and permissible
load 16.2kN > 13.27 kN, indicating a TMA anchor with D = 76 mm and s = 1.5 mm.
Table 2 indicates anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 60 mm, d = 70 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 4 in function of anchor diameter D = 76 mm respectively 2 x 2 bars with diameter 6
mm, length 500 mm.
According to Table 1 a TMA anchor – 1.5 -175 – 76 is indicated (e.g.: product no. 43416)
PLEASE NOTE: to prevent cracking at the door opening zone, an additional plate anchor must be installed on the right side of
the door opening.
The supporting anchors are straight TVH hairpins.
Table 24 indicates anchor TVH 4.0 – 200.
Check the distance to the anchorage centre “Sh”: Sh = 3.41 m< Sh max = 4 m (Table 24)
18 TVH anchors are required.
Conclusion: the anchorage system for this sandwich panel with two openings for window and door – Table 36 consists of:
Table 36
Anchorage system Quantity Anchor type
Bearing anchor - left 1 TFA – 1.5 - 175 - 80
Bearing anchor - right 1 TMA – 1.5 - 175 - 76
Bearing anchor - additional 1 TFA – 1.5 - 175 - 80
Supporting anchor 18 TVH – 4.0 - 200
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
5,1 3,1
[13,77 𝑥 −4,34 𝑥 (1,0+ )]
2 2
Sx = = 2.55 m
13,77−4,34
(4,6−2,55)
Load capacity of the left TFA anchor = 165 x = 8.25 kN
4,6−0,5
(2,55−0,5)
Load capacity of the right TFA anchor = 165 x = 8.25 kN
4,6−0,5
Bearing anchors: one TFA plate anchor on the left and one TFA plate anchor on the right.
Table 16 gives the required length of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 60 mm and permissible load
10.2 kN > 8.25 kN, indicating a TFA anchor with L = 120 mm and s = 2.0 mm.
Another variant: two TFA anchors with L = 160 mm and s = 1.5 mm with permissible load 10.3 > 8.25 kN.
Table 14 gives anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 60 mm; d = 70 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 15 in function of anchor length L = 120 mm respectively 2 x 5 bars with diameter 6
mm, length 400 mm. If a TFA plate anchor with L = 160 mm is chosen, the anchorage bars are: 2 x 6 bars with diameter 6 mm,
length 400 mm.
According to Table 12, a TFA anchor – 2.0 -175 – 120 is indicated (e.g.: product no. 44209)
Check the distance between anchor TFA and anchorage centre VZ in accordance with Table 20.
PLEASE NOTE: in accordance with the drawing, an additional TFA plate anchor TFA is necessary for stiffening the bearing
anchor. This anchor takes approximately 10% from the load on the other anchors, respectively 1.65 kN.
Table 16 gives the required length of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 60 mm and permissible load
4.5 kN > 1.65 kN, indicating a TFA anchor with L = 80 mm and s = 1.5 mm.
Table 14 indicates anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 60 mm, d = 70 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 15 in function of anchor length L=80 mm respectively 2 x 4 bars with diameter 6
mm, length 400 mm.
The supporting anchors are straight TVH hairpins.
Table 24 indicates TVH anchor 4.0 – 200.
Check the distance to the anchorage centre “Sh”: Sh = 2.68 m< Sh max = 4 m (Table 24)
17 TVH anchors are required.
Conclusion: the anchorage system for this sandwich panel with one large opening for window –Table 37 consists of:
Table 37
Anchorage system Quantity Anchor type
Bearing anchor – left 1 TFA - 2.0 - 175 -120
Bearing anchor – right 1 TFA - 2.0 - 175 -120
Bearing anchor - additional 1 TFA – 1.5 - 175 - 80
Supporting anchor 17 TVH – 4.0 - 200
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
5,1 2,5
[13,77 𝑥 −2,5 𝑥 (2,6+ )]
2 2
Sx = = 2.26 m
13,77−2,5
Bearing anchors: one TMA manchet anchor and two TFA anchors.
A TFA anchor on the left side at a distance from edge x = 1.35 m, two TFA anchors on the right side with x = 4.35 m.
4,35−2,26
Load capacity of the TMA anchor = 19.72 x = 13.74 kN
4,35−1,35
2,26−1,35
Load capacity of the TFA anchors= 19.72 x = 5.98 kN
4,35−1,35
Table 5 gives the required diameter of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 60 mm and permissible
load 16.2 kN > 13.74 kN, indicating a TMA anchor with D = 76 mm.
Table 2 indicates anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 60 mm, d = 70 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 4 in function of anchor diameter D = 76mm respectively 2 x 2 bars with diameter 6
mm, length 500 mm.
According to Table 1 a TMA anchor– 1.5 -175 – 76 is indicated (e.g.: product no. 43416).
Right bearing anchors: two TFA plate anchors disposed at an angle α= atn(0.925/3) = 17.1°toward the vertical position. The
load of one anchor TFA is: = 5.98/(2xcos17.1°) = 3.13 kN
Table 16 gives the required length of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 60 mm and permissible load
4.5 kN > 3.13 kN, indicating a TFA anchor with s = 1.5 mm and L = 80 mm.
Table 14 gives anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 60 mm, d = 70 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 15 in function of anchor length L = 80 mm respectively 2 x 4 bars with diameter 6
mm, length 400 mm.
The supporting anchors are straight TVH hairpins.
Table 24 indicates TVH anchor 4.0 – 200.
Check the distance to the anchorage centre “Sh”: Sh = 3.795 m< Sh max = 4 m (Table 24)
18 TVH anchors are required.
Conclusion: the anchorage system for this sandwich panel with large lateral opening – Table 38 consists of:
Table 38
Anchorage system Quantity Anchor type
Bearing anchor – left 1 TMA – 1.5 - 175 - 76
Bearing anchor – right 2 TFA – 1.,5 - 175 - 80
Supporting anchor 18 TVH – 4.0 - 200
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
4,48𝑚
𝑆𝑥 = = 2,24𝑚
2
Bearing anchors: four TFA plate anchors positioned as in the drawing toward the anchorage centre.
The anchors are installed at an angle α= atn(2300/4480) = 27.1 °
The following forces act on each anchor:
𝐺
Q= = 10,85𝑘𝑁
4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠27,1°
𝑒+𝑑 0,09+0,15
Ng = 𝐺 𝑥 𝑥 1,15 = 38,64 𝑥 𝑥 1,15 = 4,03𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝑞 0,8
Nw = 𝐴 𝑥 = 10,3 𝑥 = 2,06𝑘𝑁
4 4
Table 17 gives the required length of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 90 mm and permissible load
14.6 kN > 10.85 kN, indicating a TFA anchor with s = 2.0 mm and L = 200 mm.
Table 14 gives anchor height H = 200 mm (e = 90 mm, d = 150 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 15 in function of anchor length L = 200 mm respectively 2 x 6 bars with diameter 6
mm, length 400 mm.
Constructive, TVH supporting anchors 5.0 – 250, can be installed along the panel edge to take over the eventual adhesion
forces to formwork when de-moulding.
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
𝐺 6,1
𝑄= 2
= 2
= 3,05𝑘𝑁
Table 16 gives the necessary length of the anchor depending on the thickness of the insulation layer 50 mm and permissible
load 7.7 kN > 6.1 kN, indicating a TFA anchor with s = 1.5 mm and L = 120 mm.
Table 14 gives anchor height H = 175 mm (e = 50 mm, d = 60 mm).
The anchorage bars are chosen from Table 15 in function of anchor length L = 120mm respectively 2 x 5 bars with diameter 6
mm, length 400 mm.
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TECHNICAL MANUAL
Sandwich Panel Anchors
DISCLAIMER
Terwa B.V. is not liable for deviations due to wear of the products it has delivered. Neither is Terwa B.V. liable for damage due
to inaccurate and/or injudicious handling and use of the products it has delivered and/or use of same for purposes other than
those intended.
Terwa B.V.’s responsibility is furthermore limited in conformance with article 13 of the “Metaalunie” conditions, conditions which
are applicable for all Terwa B.V. deliveries. Compliance with all applicable copyright laws is the user’s responsibility. Without
limiting the rights under copyright,
no part of this documentation may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written
permission of Terwa B.V.
Terwa reserves the right to make changes to the documentation at any time
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Dec-18