TPS BAHASA INGGRIS can certainly cause flood.
Most of the
Name :
Questions 1-4 are based on the following
passage.
Forests have the ability to regulate
water systems, prevent erosion and flood,
and maintain soil fertility. The ability of
forests is inseparable from the existence of
millions and even billions of trees in a forest
area. Trees only store water for their own
needs, and the land saves water.
Billions of trees with their wide
canopies will hold back rain. In this
position, rain water does not directly hit the
soil surface, but will fall slowly through the
leaves and flow through the tree trunk.
Then, the soil surface filled with tree trunks
will produce quite a lot of litter originating
from organic materials in the forms of leaf
and dry twigs. Dramatically, littering is
heading towards the decay process. The
organic materials are collected on the soil
surface.
Litter blocks the water falling from
the canopy so it does not directly hit the soil.
Litter also functions as a place to live for
millions of organisms (e.g. worms). This
organism punctures the land as a home and
place of life. This organism’s behavior
causes the soil surface to become loose and
porous. When rain drops from the canopy
fall onto the litter, the water slowly flows to
the soil surface. The loose and porous top
layer of soil will absorb the water and then
the water will be stored in the aquifer, the
underground river.
The soil surface in the forest has
high capacity to absorb rainwater. As a
result, most of the rainwater seeps into the
soil; only a little becomes running water.
Running water is the water that cannot be
absorbed by the soil surface. This water will
go down to a lower area. If running water
exceeds the carrying capacity of the river, it
rainwater that falls in the forest area will be
absorbed by the soil and stored in the
aquifer.
Furthermore, the water stored in the
aquifer will come out regularly through
springs. From these springs, water flows
through rivers that are mostly found in the
forest area. In addition, there is also
underground water that comes out as a
spring in the resident wells.
1. The word 'dramatically' in paragraph 2 is
best replaced by ....
a. Gradually
b. Naturally
c. Amazingly
d. Surprisingly
e. Simultaneously
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. Water guarantees millions of
organisms to survive in forest areas.
b. Land stores and releases water
through various processes.
c. Litter gradually flows water to the
soil surface.
d. Trees store water to fulfill human
daily needs.
e. Forests have various benefits for
human life
3. With the sentence ‘This organism's
behavior causes the soil surface to
become loose and porous’ in paragraph
3, the writer intends to ....
a. Describe the organism and its
behavior against loose soil
b. Confirm the behavior of organisms
in loose soil
c. Compare the loose soil with the
porous soil
d. Uncover natural processes at soil
srosion
e. Explain the causes of soil erosion
4. What most likely motivates the writer in
writing the passage?
 a. There is an unresolved flood
problem.
b. People’s awareness towards
reforestation is low.
c. Not many people understand the
benefits of water for forests.
d. There is the fallacious concept that
trees store large amount of water.
e. E. The information about the
importance of trees in storing water
is not available.
Questions 5-8 are based on the following
passage.
The bailout of the Chrysler
Corporation by the federal government in
1979 was widely hailed as a success. Four
years later Chrysler was profitable again,
and proponents of the claimed that it had
saved Chrysler from bankruptcy without
costing the taxpayers one penny. But a
closer examination of the facts of the case
leads to a more complicated picture.
In 1979 Chrysler was on the verge of
bankruptcy. Thousands of workers had been
laid off, creditors were unpaid and the senior
management appealed to the administration
of Jimmy Carter to provide more than $1
billion in tax rebates. The administration's
proposal, however, was not for direct tax
relief but rather for federal loan guarantees,
which administration officials were initially
estimating at a value of $750 million but
which ultimately totaled more than $1.2
billion. When in 1983 Chrysler was
profitable again, supporters of the bailout
claimed that the taxpayers had saved
Chrysler from bankruptcy without having
spent a dime, since the federal government
had not had to pay for any defaulted loans.
Chrysler is supposed to pay the government
the difference between the guaranteed rate
the loans carry and the rate they would have
carried had they been issued without the
government guarantee.
This is, however, not entirely the
case. In the early 1980s Chrysler was
allowed, under the terms of the bailout, to
issue federally guaranteed bonds at a rate of
10.35%. The Ford Motor Company, by
contrast, was in better shape than Chrysler at
the time, but was forced to issue bonds with
a rate of 14.5%. It would seem then that
Chrysler should have been paying the
government a guarantee of at least 4%; in
reality, however, Chrysler was only paying
the government a guarantee of 1%. Further,
the loss of jobs from cuts at Chrysler would
have resulted in a reduction of payroll taxes
to the federal government.
5. The purpose of the second paragraph is
to ....
a. Provide an historical overview of a
case
b. Offer insight into the strategies of
Chrysler's management
c. Argue for the success of bailout
d. Give a context for why the bailout
failed
e. Argue against federal bailouts of
private companies
6. The author of the passage is primarily
concerned with which of the following?
a. Arguing against federal bailouts of
private Companies
b. Discussing the reasons for the
bailout's failure
c. Challenging the view that the bailout
did not cost the federal government
money
d. Exploring the economics oi
government intervention in the
economy
e. Making the case that Chrysler is not
a successful company
7. The passage suggests which of the
following about the Ford Motor
Company?
 a. It is a larger corporation than
Chrysler.
b. It currently is more profitable than
Chrysler.
c. It faced similar challenges to those
Chrysler faced in the 1980s.
d. It was handicapped by the high price
of loans.
e. It was more financially sound than
was Chrysler in the early 1980s.
8. The author of the passage most likely
considers the Chrysler bailout to be ....
a. A model for future government
interventions
b. A warning to those who would
support planned economies
c. An example of an unsuccessful
government bailout
d. More costly than its supporters
suggest
e. A political decision that was unfair
to the Ford Motor Company
Questions 8-12 are based on the following
passage.
The spotted hyena, or Crocuta
crocuta, found throughout sub- Saharan
Africa, is, contrary to popular belief, one of
nature s fiercest Some early tribes mistook
the hyena's distinctive call, which some have
equated to hysterical human laughter, for the
cries of lost souls, while many others
associated the animal with the lords of the
underworld. In modern movies, the hyena
has most often been caricatured as a
buffoon-like creature or a villain, preying on
the weak. These beliefs have led to the
common fallacy that the hyena is primarily a
scavenger The reality, however, is that
hyenas are predators first and scavengers
only through need.
Hyena physiology may look comical,
but it is designed for pure power. It has been
postulated that the laws of a fully-grown
hyena are potentially capable of exerting a
bite force of 1,000 pounds which would give
it one of the most powerful grips in the
animal world. The hyena's heart is equally
powerful, enabling an adult to run at a
steady rate of six miles per hour, with bursts
of up to thirty miles per hour. In the wild,
hyenas tend to hunt in packs led by a
matriarch and have been known to bring
down animals as large as the Cape buffalo.
It seems that, in the case of the hyena,
appearances can certainly be deceiving.
9. According to the passage, all of the
following are characteristics of hyenas
EXCEPT ...
a. A tendency to prey upon the weak
b. A hierarchical clan structure led by a
single female
c. Dynamic mandibular strength
d. Vocalizations that some people find
unnerving
e. A high level of endurance
10. Which of the following, if true, would
most undermine the application of the
argument presented in the final sentence
of the passage to the hyena?
a. Many other animals that seem
comical are as powerful as the
hyena.
b. The hyena often walks in a manner
that causes it to appear smaller than
it is.
c. The jaws of hyenas are smaller than
those of sharks, and the lion is a
faster runner than the hyena over
both short and long.
d. People who have observed a hyena
attack concur that hyenas are
fearsome predators.
e. Most people unfamiliar with popular
beliefs about hyenas find the sight of
the animal to be immediately
intimidating.
11. The author of the passage would be most
likely to agree with which of the
following statements?
 a. The spotted hyena is the most
powerful animal found in sub-
Saharan Africa.
b. It is possible for an animal to look
less dangerous than it truly is.
c. Animals that hunt in matriarchal
packs are able to bring down bigger
animals than lone hunters could.
d. Early tribes often held mistaken
beliefs regarding the animals that
shared their territory.
e. It is important to be able to run at
least six miles an hour in order to
bring down animals such as the Cape
buffalo.
12. The passage best supports the claim that
the author of the passage believes the
hyena to be ....
a. A commonly misunderstood deadly
predator
b. Prone to scavenging for meals
whenever possible
c. Associated with the lords of the
underworld
d. With an inappropriate cry
e. Built more for speed than for
endurance
Questions 13-15 are based on the following
passage.
Bipolar disorder, also known as
manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder
that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy,
activity levels, and the ability to carry out
day-to-day tasks.
There are four basic types of bipolar
disorder; all of them involve clear changes
in mood, energy, and activity levels.
These moods range from periods of
extremely "up," elated, and energized
behavior (known as manic episodes) to very
sad, "down," or hopeless periods (known as
depressive episodes). Less severe manic
periods are known as hypomanic episodes.
People with bipolar disorder
experience periods of unusually intense
emotion, changes in sleep patterns and
activity levels, and unusual behaviors. These
distinct periods are called "mood episodes."
Mood episodes are drastically different from
the moods and behaviors that are typical for
the person. Extreme changes in energy,
activity, and sleep go along with mood
episodes.
Sometimes a mood episode includes
symptoms of both manic and depressive
symptoms. This is called an episode with
mixed features. People experiencing an
episode with mixed features may feel very
sad, empty, or hopeless, while at the same
time feeling extremely energized.
Bipolar disorder can be present even
when mood swings are less extreme. For
example, some people with bipolar disorder
experience hypomania, a less severe form of
mania. During a hypomanic episode, an
individual may feel very good, be highly
productive, and function well. The person
may not feel that anything is wrong, but
family and friends may recognize the mood
swings and/or changes in activity levels as
possible bipolar disorder. Without proper
treatment, people with hypomania may
develop severe mania or depression.
13. What is the topic of the passage?
a. Manic-Depressive illness
b. Brain disorder episodes
c. "Up" and "down" periods of moods
d. Moods changes during depression
e. Emotional problems for bipolar
disorder
14. The word "intense" in line 7 means ….
a. Non-stop
b. Broad
c. Constant
d. Tough
e. Strong
15. One of the symptoms of manic episodes
is feeling ….
a. Very lively
 b. Extremely happy
c. Really powerful
d. Unusually strong
e. Awfully active
Questions 16-19 are based on the following
passage.
The apps, games and websites that
are promoted as 'educational' are not always
the best ones for supporting learning. The
fact that they're interactive doesn't
necessarily mean that they're much better
than an old-fashioned workbook with its
right and wrong answers. Children may
enjoy these products for a while but then get
a bit bored, and we now know that they are
not the most appropriate or engaging way to
learn.
Treat so-called 'free' apps with
caution. Some will expose your child to
adverts. Others are designed to wait until
your child is engaged in a game or storyline
and then demand payment before they can
go any further. This can lead to frustration
as young children don't understand why they
can't continue. Sometimes it's better to make
a small payment up front if the app promises
no further purchases. However, the
CBeebies Playtime and CBeebies Storytime
apps are free to download and completely
free of adverts or in-app purchases.
Choosing an app needs the same
kind of thought and care you would put into
buying anything else for your child. Don't
rely only on the star rating, but read the user
reviews and check the privacy policy if
you're worried about the personal
information that the app might be collecting.
If you want your child to enjoy learning, to
develop curiosity, and to think about things
creatively then provide them with a range of
games and apps. Open-ended games that
become progressively more challenging and
encourage children to explore and have fun
are more likely to establish a love of
learning and to lay the foundation for their
future development.
Physical activity, reading and other
more 'traditional' activities continue to play
a very important part in children's
development, most parents do rely on screen
devices from time to time to engage their
child while they're busy with something
else. This is not a problem in itself, just as
long as children's time is made up of a
balanced range of activities.
16. The author reminds readers to be more
careful with commercialism in free
applications in paragraph (s)….
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 1 and 4
e. 2 and 3
17. How does the idea in sentence 6 related
to the other ideas in paragraph 2?
a. Sentence 6 elaborates the other ideas
in paragraph 2
b. Sentence 6 is the result of the other
ideas in paragraph 2
c. Sentence 6 strongly contradicts the
other ideas in paragraph 2
d. Sentence 6 is the implementation of
the theory discussed in paragraph 2
e. Sentences 6 provides another type of
free applications discussed in
paragraph 2
18. The author would apparently agree
that…
a. Open-ended games can stimulate
children's love for learning
b. Some games and applications are
boring because they are too easy
c. There is no convincing prediction for
the future of the games and apps
d. It is better to pay the games in
advance so that children can learn
freely
e. Apps star rating provides users with
reviews on the good things of games
and apps
19. Regarding busy parents' reliance on
screen devices to help keep their
children entertained, the author assumes
that ….
a. It is the parents' responsibility to
make their children less engaged
with screen devices
b. Children whose parents are busy
with their activities must use screen
devices less
c. Parents need to be aware of their
children's need for varied activities
d. Such parents' reliance is acceptable
as long as the children are given the
right proportion of other activities
e. It is not tolerable as their children
need to have more physical activities
Questions 20-25 are based on the following
passage.
Eating one avocado a day as part of a
heart healthy, cholesterol-lowering
moderate-fat diet can help improve bad
cholesterol levels in overweight and obese
individuals, according to new research
published in the Journal of the American
Heart Association.
Researchers evaluated the effect
avocados had on traditional and novel
cardiovascular risk factors by replacing
saturated fatty acids from an average
American diet with unsaturated fatty acids
from avocados.
Forty-five healthy, overweight or
obese patients between the ages of 21 and 70
were put on three different cholesterol-
lowering diets. Participants consumed an
average American diet (consisting of 34
percent of calories from fat, 51 percent
carbohydrates, and 16 percent protein) for
two weeks prior to starting one of the
following cholesterol lowering diets: lower
fat diet without avocado, moderate-fat diet
without avocado, and moderate-fat diet with
one avocado per day. The two moderate fat
diets both provided 34 percent of calories as
fat (17 percent of calories from
monounsaturated fatty acids/MUFAS),
whereas the lower fat diet provided 24
percent of calories as fat (11 percent from
MUFAS). Each participant consumed each
of the three test diet for five weeks.
Participants were randomly sequenced
through each of the three diets.
Researchers found that Compared to
the baseline average American diet, low-
density lipoprotein (LDL) the so called 'bad
cholesterol' -- was 13.5 mg/dL lower after
consuming the moderate fat diet that
included an avocado. LDL was also lower
on the moderate fat diet without the avocado
(8.3 mg/dL lower) and the lower fat diet (7.4
mg/dL lower), though the results were not as
striking as the avocado diet.
Several additional blood
measurements were also more favorable
after the avocado diet versus the other two
cholesterol-lowering diets as well: total
cholesterol, triglycerides, small dense LDL,
non-HDL cholesterol, and others.
These measurements are all
considered to be cardio-metabolic risk
factors in ways that are independent of the
heart-healthy fatty acid effects, said Penny
M. Kris-Etherton, Ph.D., R.D., senior study
author and Chair of the American Heart
Association's Nutrition Committee and
Distinguished Professor of Nutrition at
Pennsylvania State University, in University
Park, Pennsylvania.
"This was a controlled feeding study,
but that is not the real-world so it is a proof-
of-concept -- investigation. We need to
focus on getting people to eat a heart-
healthy diet that includes avocados and other
nutrient-rich food sources of better fats,"
Kris- Etherton said.
In addition to MUFAS, avocados
also provided other bioactive components
that could have contributed to the findings
such as fiber, phytosterols, and other
compounds. The Mediterranean diet,
includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
fatty fish, and foods rich in monounsaturated
fatty acids-like extra-virgin olive oil and
nuts. Like avocados, some research indicates
that these not only contain better fats but
also certain micronutrients and bioactive
components that may play an important role
in reducing risk of heart disease.
"In the United States avocados are
not a mainstream food yet, and they can be
expensive, especially at certain times of the
year. Also, most people do not really know
how to incorporate them in their diet except
for making guacamole. But guacamole is
typically eaten with corn chips, which are
high in calories and sodium. Avocados,
however, can also be eaten with salads,
vegetables, sandwiches, lean protein foods
(like chicken or fish) or even whole."
20. In relation in paragraph 2, what does
paragraph 3 inform?
a. Procedure in carrying out the
research
b. Results of the treatment described in
paragraph 2
c. Cholesterol contents that are
discussed in paragraph 2
d. Conditions of the respondents when
applying the diets
e. Elationships between the diets and
cholesterol contents
21. Based on the passage, the relationship
between the Mediteranian diet and heart
disease is like that between ….
a. Distressed patient and male doctor
b. Air conditioner and hot weather
c. Severe hunger and big meal
d. Bush fire and black smoke
e. Fossil fuel and sports car
22. About avocados described in the
passage, the author has the same belief
as the researchers' that ….
a. Research needs to reveal accurately
their contents
b. Combined diets involving avocados
needs further studies
c. The current research on avocados
has conclusive findings
d. People will take the diet regardless
the price of avocados
e. The fruit nutrients are equal to those
of the Mediterranean diet
23. Which paragraphs of the passage most
effectively illustrate the power of
avocados to deal with heart disease?
a. 2 and 6
b. 3 and 6
c. 3 and 5
d. 4 and 5
e. 5 and 6
24. The author of the passage implies that ...
a. Heart disease happens due to lack of
consuming avocados
b. Avocados are closely linked to the
high rate of heart disease
c. Eating avocados than other fruits is a
better cure for heart disease
d. Rather than the amount, the
appropriate diet of avocados cures
heart disease
e. Consuming avocados likely lowers
LDL levels among overweight
person
25. Another simple way to restate ideas in
the last paragraph of the passage is …
a. Avocados and the Mediterranean diet
are more effective when they are
consumed together with other fruits
b. Elements of avocados, similar to
those in the Mediterranean diet can
lower the threat of the heart disease
c. Avocados, rich in useful nutrients
like the Mediterranean diet are used
to treat people with heart disease
d. Patients heart disease can effectively
be treated by having either the
Mediterranean diet or avocado
feeding
e. Micro nutrients in avocados and bio
active contents in the Mediterranean
diet alike heal heart disease
effectively