DCC40163

THEORY OF STRUCTURE

TOPIC 1
PN. SUZLIANA BINTI MARSOM
013-2736449
DCC40163

ASSESSMENT
■ CONTINOUS ASSESSMENT – 50%
1. Quiz (2, 10%)
2. Test (2, 20%)
3. Assignment (2, 20%)

■ FINAL ASSESSMENT – 50%

1. Final Examination (50%)
 DCC40163

1.0 SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD FOR STATICALLY

INDETERMINATE BEAMS (CLO1, C3 , PLO1)

▪ State the slope deflection equation

▪ Calculate the internal moments at support for continuous beams
subjected to point loads and distributed loads up to three unknowns
using slope deflection method
▪ Sketch shear force and bending moment diagram
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

1. Derivation of the Equation of the Elastic Curve of a Beam
𝐝𝟐 𝐲
𝐄𝐈 𝐝𝐱𝟐 = Mx

𝐝𝐲
𝐄𝐈 𝐝𝐱 = Determine the Slope

𝐄𝐈 y = Determine the Deflection

2. Slope-Deflection Equation

Three (3) aspects that took into consideration in developing the slope-
deflection equation are the Effect of the Slope, Deflection and Fixed End
Moment
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
(i) Determine slope and deflection equation
From the figure, Moment at x-x (left section) is
Mx = - MAB – VA(x)
We know that the deflection (y) of beams = Double Integration of Bending Moment of the beam,
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
EI𝒅𝒙𝟐 = 𝐌𝐱
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
EI = - MAB – VA(x) …. Eq1
𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒅𝒚 𝐕𝐀 𝐱 𝟐
EI = − MAB (x) – + 𝐂𝟏 … . Eq2
𝒅𝒙 𝟐

MAB 𝐱𝟐 𝐕𝐀 𝐱 𝟑
EI𝒚 = - – + 𝐂𝟏𝐱 + 𝐂𝟐 … . Eq3
𝟐 𝟔
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
(ii) Identify C1 and C2
Using Eq2, Boundary condition at A, x = 0, y = y1, dy/dx = A to find C1
𝒅𝒚 𝐕𝐀 𝐱 𝟐
EI = − MAB (x) – + 𝐂𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝟐

𝐕𝐀 𝟎 𝟐
EIA = − MAB (0) – + 𝐂𝟏
𝟐

𝐂𝟏 = EIA

Using Eq3, Boundary condition at A, x = 0, y = y1, dy/dx = A and C1 = = EIA find C2

MAB 𝐱𝟐 𝐕𝐀 𝐱 𝟑
EI𝒚 = - – + 𝐂𝟏𝐱 + 𝐂𝟐 … .
𝟐 𝟔

MAB 𝟎𝟐 𝐕𝐀 𝟎 𝟑
EIy1 = − – + EIA(𝟎) + 𝐂𝟐
𝟐 𝟔

𝐂𝟐 = EIy1
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
Hence the slope and deflection equation,
𝒅𝒚 𝐕𝐀(𝐱)𝟐
EI = − MAB (x) – + EIA … . Eq4
𝒅𝒙 𝟐

MAB (x)𝟐 𝐕𝐀(𝐱)𝟑

EI𝒚 = - – + EIA𝐱 + EIy1 … . Eq5
𝟐 𝟔

(iii) Considering the effect of slope and deflection at B towards MAB

Using Eq4 and Eq5, Boundary condition at B, x = L, y = y2, dy/dx = B
𝐕𝐀(𝐋)𝟐
EIB= − MAB (L) – + EIA … . Eq6
𝟐

MAB (𝐋)𝟐 𝐕𝐀(𝐋)𝟑

EIy2= - – + EIA(𝐋) + EIy1 … . Eq7
𝟐 𝟔
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
From Eq6, define VA
𝐕𝐀(𝐋)𝟐
EIB= − MAB (L) – + EIA
𝟐

𝐕𝐀 𝐋 𝟐
= − MAB (L) + EIA – EIB
𝟐

𝟐
VA=(− MAB (L) + EIA – EIB)
𝐋𝟐

Replace VA in Eq7
MAB (𝐋)𝟐 𝐕𝐀(𝐋)𝟑
EIy2= - – + EIA(𝐋) + EIy1 … . Eq7
𝟐 𝟔

MAB (𝐋)𝟐 𝟐 𝐋 𝟑𝐋
EIy2= - − [− MAB (L) + EIA – EIB] 𝟐 + EIA(𝐋) + EIy1
𝟐 [𝐋] 𝟔 𝟑
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)

MAB (𝐋)𝟐 MAB (𝐋)𝟐 EIA𝐋 EIB𝐋

EIy2= - + − + + EIA(𝐋) + EIy1
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

3MAB (𝐋)𝟐 2MAB (𝐋)𝟐 2EIA𝐋 2EIB𝐋 6EIA𝐋 6EIy1

EIy2= - + − + + +
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔

6EIy2= - 3MAB (𝐋)𝟐 + 2MAB (𝐋)𝟐 −2EIA𝐋 +2EIB𝐋 +6EIA𝐋 + 6EIy1

6EIy2= - MAB (𝐋)𝟐 + 4EIA𝐋 +2EIB𝐋 + 6EIy1

MAB = 4EIA𝐋 +2EIB𝐋 − 6EIy2 + 6EIy1

𝐋𝟐
MAB = 2EI [2A + B − 3 (y2 − y1)], where  = y2 − y1
𝐋 𝐋

Hence,

MAB = 2EI [2A + B − 3 ()]

𝐋 𝐋
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
(i) Determine slope and deflection equation
From the figure, Moment at x-x (right section) is
Mx = - MBA – VB(x)
We know that the deflection (y) of beams = Double Integration of Bending Moment of the beam,
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
EI𝒅𝒙𝟐 = 𝐌𝐱
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
EI = - MBA – VB(x) …. Eq1
𝒅𝒙𝟐

𝒅𝒚 𝐕𝐁 𝐱 𝟐
EI = − MBA (x) – + 𝐂𝟏 … . Eq2
𝒅𝒙 𝟐

MBA 𝐱𝟐 𝐕𝐁 𝐱 𝟑
EI𝒚 = - – + 𝐂𝟏𝐱 + 𝐂𝟐 … . Eq3
𝟐 𝟔
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
(ii) Identify C1 and C2
Using Eq2, Boundary condition at B, x = 0, y = y2, dy/dx = B to find C1
𝒅𝒚 𝐕𝐁 𝐱 𝟐
EI =− MBA (x) – + 𝐂𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝟐

𝐕𝐁 𝟎 𝟐
EIB = − MBA (0) – + 𝐂𝟏
𝟐

𝐂𝟏 = EIB

Using Eq3, Boundary condition at B, x = 0, y = y2, dy/dx = B and C1 = = EIB find C2

MBA 𝐱𝟐 𝐕𝐁 𝐱 𝟑
EI𝒚 = - – + 𝐂𝟏𝐱 + 𝐂𝟐 … .
𝟐 𝟔

MBA 𝟎𝟐 𝐕𝐁 𝟎 𝟑
EIy2 = − – + EIB(𝟎) + 𝐂𝟐
𝟐 𝟔

𝐂𝟐 = EIy2
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
Hence the slope and deflection equation,
𝒅𝒚 𝐕𝐁(𝐱)𝟐
EI = − MBA (x) – + EIB … . Eq4
𝒅𝒙 𝟐

MBA (x)𝟐 𝐕𝐁(𝐱)𝟑

EI𝒚 = - – + EI𝐁𝐱 + EIy2 … . Eq5
𝟐 𝟔

(iii) Considering the effect of slope and deflection at B towards MAB

Using Eq4 and Eq5, Boundary condition at A, x = L, y = y1, dy/dx = A
𝐕𝐁(𝐋)𝟐
EIA= − MBA (L) – + EIB … . Eq6
𝟐

MBA (𝐋)𝟐 𝐕𝐁(𝐋)𝟑

EIy1= - – + EIB(𝐋) + EIy2 … . Eq7
𝟐 𝟔
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)
From Eq6, define VB
𝐕𝐁(𝐋)𝟐
EIA= − MBA (L) – + EIB
𝟐

𝐕𝐁 𝐋 𝟐
= − MBA (L) + EIB – EIA
𝟐

𝟐
VB=[−MBA (L) + EIB – EIA]
𝐋𝟐

Replace VA in Eq7
MBA (𝐋)𝟐 𝐕𝐁(𝐋)𝟑
EIy1= - – + EIB(𝐋) + EIy2 … . Eq7
𝟐 𝟔

MBA (𝐋)𝟐 𝟐 𝐋 𝟑𝐋
EIy1= - − [− MBA (L) + EIB – EIA] 𝟐 + EI𝐁(𝐋) + EIy2
𝟐 [𝐋] 𝟔 𝟑
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Slope and Deflection)

MBA (𝐋)𝟐 MBA (𝐋)𝟐 EIB𝐋 EIA𝐋

EIy1= - + − + + EI𝐁(𝐋) + EIy2
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

3MBA (𝐋)𝟐 2MBA (𝐋)𝟐 2EIB𝐋 2EIA𝐋 6EIB𝐋 6EIy2

EIy1= - + − + + +
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔

6EIy11= - 3MBA (𝐋)𝟐 + 2MBA (𝐋)𝟐 −2EIB𝐋 +2EI𝐀𝐋 +6EI𝐁𝐋 + 6EIy2

6EIy1= - MBA (𝐋)𝟐 + 4EIB𝐋 +2EIB𝐋 + 6EIy2

MBA = 4EIB𝐋 +2EIA𝐋 − 6EIy1 + 6EIy2

𝐋𝟐
MBA = 2EI [2B + A − 3 (y1 − y2)], where  = y1 − y2
𝐋 𝐋2
Hence,

MBA = 2EI [2B + A − 3 ( )]

𝐋 𝐋
 DCC40163

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

(The Effect of Fixed End Moment)

■ All degrees of freedom must be eliminated and a beam must be tightly fixed in order
to strengthen it.

MFAB MFBA

MAB = 2EI [2A + B − 3 ()] − MFAB

𝐋 𝐋

MBA = 2EI [2B + A − 3 ( )] + MFBA

𝐋 𝐋
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FIXED END MOMENT VALUE

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MOMENT VALUE FOR CANTILEVER BEAM