CESTAT30 Lecture 1

STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

COURSE DESCRIPTION
 This course deals with vector analysis of force systems which are applied to rigid bodies in
two-dimensional or three-dimensional environment. The analysis includes resultant and
moment of force systems, equilibrium of rigid bodies, friction, analysis of frames and
trusses, centroids and moment of inertia.
ABOUT ME
 Engr. SedrikARNEL
ENGR. MANOLO Aralar
CABANERO

 Part-time
REGISTEREDfaculty
CIVIL ENGINEER

 BS Civil Engineering (UP Diliman)

UST-MANILA

 MS Civil Engineering (Structural) (UP Diliman)

TUP-MANILA

 Contact info
 slaralar@nu-baliwag.edu.ph
cabanero.arnel@gmail. com
SCHEDULE
 Synchronous Classes (Lecture)
 M 1-3PM
 T 1-3 PM
 T 5-7PM

 Asynchronous Classes (Lecture/Seatwork)

 Th 1-3PM
 F 1-3PM
 T 7-9PM

 Consultation hours
 Saturday 9am-12nn
GRADING SYSTEM
 A. Class Standing (CS) 60%
 Homework 70% - Every week
 Quizzes/Seatwork 30%

 B. Major Exam (ME) 40%

 MIDTERMS WEEK Sep 30-Oct 6
 FINALS WEEK Nov 11-17
REFERENCES
 R.C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics – Statics 12th Ed
 F. P. Beer, Vector Mechanics for Engineers – Statics 10th Ed
MECHANICS
OUTLINE
 By the end of this lecture, students are expected to:
 Understand the basic concepts of Mechanics
 Review vector operations
 Calculate the resultants of forces
 Resolve forces into components
MECHANICS
 Branch of physical sciences that is concerned with the state of rest or motion
 The study of the relationship among forces and their effects on bodies
 The science which describes and predicts the conditions for rest and motion of bodies
under the action of forces
BRANCHES OF MECHANICS
 Rigid = non-deformable
 Statics = at rest
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Basic Quantities
1. Length – used locate the position of a point in space
2. Time – not used in statics
3. Mass – quantity of matter in a body
4. Force – “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on another; Characterized by its
magnitude, direction, and point of application
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Idealizations
1. Particle
 Negligible mass
 The geometry of the particle will not be considered
in the analysis
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Idealizations
2. Rigid Body
 All particles in the body remains in a fixed distance
from each other
 Will not deform regardless of the forces
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Idealizations
3. Concentrated Force
 The force is assumed to act at a single point on a body
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
1. First Law – Equilibrium
 A particle at rest/moving in a straight line with constant velocity will remain in this state provided
the particle is not subjected to an unbalanced force
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
2. Second Law – Accelerated Motion
 A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F experiences an acceleration a that has the same
direction as the force and a magnitude that is directly proportional to the force
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
3. Third Law – Action-Reaction
 The mutual forces of action and reaction between two particles are equal, opposite and collinear
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
 Weight
 Let m1 in previous equation as the mass of the Earth, and r = radius of the Earth

 g = 9.81 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2

 Weight is a FORCE
UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
FORCES
WHAT IS A FORCE?
 Represents the action of one body on another
 May be exerted by actual contact or at a distance
 Represented by a vector
EFFECTS OF APPLICATION OF FORCE
 Development of other forces
o Reactions
o Internal forces
 Deformation of the body
 Acceleration of the body
EFFECTS OF APPLICATION OF FORCE
EFFECTS OF APPLICATION OF FORCE

a
PROPERTIES OF A FORCE
 Magnitude = 20 kN
 Direction = downward
 Point of Application = point B 20 kN

A B C
RESULTANT OF FORCES
 Single equivalent force having the same effect as
the original forces acting on the particle.
FINDING THE RESULTANT OF TWO FORCES
VECTORS
VECTORS
 Vectors are defined as mathematical expressions possessing magnitude and
direction, which add according to the parallelogram law
VECTOR ADDITION
 The addition of vector is commutative
ADDING THREE OR MORE VECTORS
 Polygon Rule (for coplanar vectors)
 Arrange the given vectors in a tip-to-tail fashion and connect the tail of the first vector with the tip of
the last one
Note: Coplanar – vectors are within the same plane. E.g for 2D problems, all vectors are in the x-y plane
VECTOR ADDITION
 Vector addition is associative
PRODUCT OF A SCALAR & VECTOR
 n𝑃 – has the same direction
as P but with a magnitude of
n x |P|
RESULTANT OF SEVERAL CONCURRENT FORCES
 Concurrent forces: Set of forces that
all pass through the same point
 A set of concurrent forces applied to
a particle may be replaced by a
single resultant force which is the
vector sum of the applied forces
REVIEW: GEOMETRY OF ANGLES
 Supplementary angles
 Transversal angles
 Vertical angles
 Sum of angles in a triangle
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
 The two forces act on a bolt at A. Determine
their resultant (magnitude and direction).
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
 Trigonometric solution:
B = 360-(180+25) = 155˚
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
 Sine law

 (a) the required angle α if the resultant

of the two forces applied to the hook
support is to be horizontal
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
 Sine law

 (b) the corresponding magnitude of R.

35 sin β 35 sin 117.86

𝑅 73.22 𝑁
sin 25 sin 25
RESOLUTION OF A FORCE INTO COMPONENTS
 A single force vector (F) can be resolved into an
infinite number of vector components (Q+P)
 Case 1: One component is known.
RESOLUTION OF A FORCE INTO COMPONENTS
 Case 2: the line of actions of
both components are known
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE AND
UNIT VECTOR
 A force vector may be resolved into perpendicular components
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE AND
UNIT VECTOR
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE AND
UNIT VECTOR
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE AND
UNIT VECTOR
 Angle is measured from the +x axis
 However, it’s simpler to just deal with the acute angle then add signs depending on
direction.
ADDITION OF FORCES BY SUMMING COMPONENTS
 Wish to find the resultant of 3 or more concurrent
forces

 Resolve each force into rectangular components

ADDITION OF FORCES BY SUMMING COMPONENTS
 The scalar components of the resultant are equal to
the sum of the corresponding scalar components of
the given forces.

 To find the resultant magnitude and direction

EXAMPLE PROBLEM
 Determine the resultant of the three forces below
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
FORCES IN SPACE
REVIEW
 Displacement vector between two points

 Magnitude of a vector

 Unit vector
FORCE POLYGON
 From the force polygon (warped), the resultant can
be drawn from the tail of the first force to the head
of the last force
 The magnitude and direction of the resultant can be
computed using successive use of the triangle law
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE
 The rectangular components of a force can be determined depending on the
given characteristics of the force
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
 NOTE: The angle a
force F forms with an
axis should be
measured from the
positive side of the axis
and will always be
between 0 and 180˚
DIRECTION COSINES
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS OF A FORCE
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
ADDITION OF CONCURRENT FORCES IN SPACE
 The resultant R of two or more forces in space will be determined by summing their
rectangular components. Graphical or trigonometric methods are generally not
practical in the case of forces in space.
ADDITION OF CONCURRENT FORCES IN SPACE
THANK YOU
ADDITIONAL PROBLEM