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Triclosan: environmental exposure, toxicity and mechanisms of action

By: Dann, Andrea B.; Hontela, Alice

A review. Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol; TCS] is a broad spectrum antibac terial agent used in personal care, veteri
nary, industrial and household products. T CS is commonly detected in aquatic ecosys tems, as it is only partially removed during the
wastewater treatment process. Sorption, biodegradation and photolytic degrad ation mitigate the availability of TCS to aquatic biota;
however the byproducts such as methyltriclosan and other chlorinated phenols may be more resistant to degrad ation and have higher
toxicity than the parent compound The continuous exposure of aquatic organisms to TCS, coupled with its bioaccumulation potential,
have led to detectable levels of the antimicrobial in a number of aquatic species. T CS has been also detected in breast milk, urine and
plasma, with levels of TCS in the blood correl ating with consumer use patterns of the antimic robial. Mammalian systemic toxicity
studies indicate that TCS is neither acutely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, nor a develop mental toxicant. Recently, however, concern
has been raised over TCS's potential for endocrine disrup tion, as the antimicrobial has been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone
homeostasis and possibly the reprod uctive axis. Moreover, there is strong evidence that aquatic species such as algae, inverte brates
and certain types of fish are much more sensitive to TCS than mammals. T CS is highly toxic to algae and exerts reprod uctive and
developmental effects in some fish. The potential for endocrine disruption and antibiotic cross- resistance highlights the importance of
the judicious use of TCS, whereby the use of TCS should be limited to applic ations where it has been shown to be effective. Copyright ©
2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords: review triclosan antibacterial environment pollution biodegradation toxicity toxicokinetic

Journal

Source Database Information

Journal of Applied Toxicology AN: 2011:659758
Volume: 31 CAN: 155:58817
Issue: 4 PubMed ID: 21462230
Pages: 285-311 CAplus and MEDLINE
Journal; General Review; Article; Review Company/Organization
2011 Department of Biological Sciences
DOI: 10.1002/jat.1660 University of Lethbridge
Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4
Canada
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Language
English

Concepts

Antibacterial agents
Aquatic toxicity
Biodegradation
Ecotoxicity
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (Role: Adverse Effect, Including Toxicity; Pollutant; Therapeutic Use)
Environmental pollution
Homo sapiens
Human
Pharmacokinetics
Toxicity
Toxicokinetics
Water pollution
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MEDLINE® Medical Subject Headings

Animals
Consumer Product Safety
Endocrine Disruptors (Qualifier: pharmacokinetics; toxicity)
Environmental Exposure (Qualifier: adverse effects; analysis)
Humans
Toxicity Tests
Triclosan (Qualifier: pharmacokinetics; toxicity)

Substances
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1. Triclosan (3380-34-5 )
Role: Adverse Effect, Including Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics, Pollutant, Therapeutic Use, Biological Study, Occurrence, Uses

Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.

Internal use only. Redistribution is subject to the terms of your SciFinderⁿ License Agreement and CAS information Use Policies.