Today Lecture

➢ Cutting Tool Compensation

✓ Automatic Cutter Radius Compensation
• Tool length offset
• Manual Cutter Radius Compensation

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Tool length offset
• If more than one tool is being used, the first tool is set to zero on all
axis (XYZ). As the X and Y axis are set at the center of the cutter
they will be the same for all subsequent cutters.
• The Z axis zero point will however be different for each tool, being
dependent on the tool length.
Tool length offset
To make life easier the first tool is given an offset (or length) of zero
and subsequent tools are given a positive or negative offset based on
the difference in length from tool No. 1.
Tool length offset
Lets bring the first tool into contact with the work

This means that tool No. 1 has been set to a tool length
of 0
Tool length offset
Now tool 2 is brought into position. Its height is now
compared with Tool No. 1 and the tool length offset
entered in the tool data file. In this case it is -5.5, in other
words the tool No. 2 is 5.5 mm lower than tool No. 1 when
it is in contact with the work.
Tool length offset
Finally the third tool is brought into contact with the work

Once again the difference in height between it and the

first tool is measured. This time the tool is higher than
Tool No. 1 so its offset value is positive.
Tool length offset
Example
T01(used in floating zero adjustment) T02 (another tool)

Length 160 Length 130

mm mm

H= -30 mm

When use T02

(1) Is (-30 mm) from
machine’s database table
N000 G43 H1
Tool length offset
Example Master tool
Tool length offset
Tool length offset
In practice, the tool offsets are set by simple touching each tool in
turn onto the top surface of the workpiece. The top surface of the
workpiece is usually the Z zero. A value is displayed, which is the
distance that the tool is from the zero point. All the setter has to do
is to enter the displayed value into the tool offset data panel and the
offset is set
Tool compensation G-Codes
1. Automated tool compensation
There are 3 different types of tool offset tables

Offset memory Type A

Offset memory Type B

Offset memory Type C

Tool compensation G-Codes
Offset memory Type A

It uses only parameter (H) for both length and

radius compensations (called shared compensation)

T05 M06
T05 new tool
length G43 H05
Radius G41 H35
Tool compensation G-Codes
Offset memory Type C

It uses parameter (H) for length and parameter (D)

radius compensations

T05 M06
length T05 new tool

G43 H05

G41 D05
Radius
Example II
Solve the following with auto. tool compensation using
tool of 20 mm diameter at depth 10 mm, S2000, and
F10
Point X Y
1 0 0 3 4
2 0 100
3 50 170 5
4 140 170 2
5 190 120
6 190 40 6
7 150 0
1 7
Example II
Solve the following with auto. tool compensation using
tool of 20 mm diameter at depth 10 mm, S2000, and
F10
Absolute cord. N10 G90 G98
XY plane N20 G17
comp. off N30 G40
Metric units N40 G21 3 4
w.p. floating(0) N50 G54
Go to above 1 N60 G0 X-20 Y-20 Z20
Tool changing N70 T1 M6 G43 H1
1000rmp&feed N80 S1000 F10 M3 5
Dwn to depth 10 at (0) N90 G01 Z-10
2
Ramp Linear to (1) G41 D01 X0 Y0

Linear to (2) N100 Y100

Linear to (3) N110 X50 Y170 6
Linear to (4) N120 X140
CW to(5) N130 G2 X190 Y120 R50 1
Linear to (6) N140 G1 Y40 7
CCW to (7) N150 G3 X150 Y0 R40
Linear to (1) N160 G1 X0
Cancel compensation N170 G40 X-20 Y-20
Out of w.p. to Z=10 N180 Z20
Spindle stop N190 M5 0
End program N200 M2
➢ Cutting Tool Compensation
✓ Automatic Cutter Radius Compensation
✓ Tool length offset
• Manual Cutter Radius Compensation

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 2.Manual tool compensation

The tool center is shifted on a new profile by the

amount of tool radius where the new profile is

calculated

Original
profile

Offset
profile
 (2,4)

(6.5,2)

(0,0) (6,0)
Manual tool compensation is time consuming and

dependent on tool’s diameter.

BUT WHY?
1. MCU does not support radius compensation

feature.

2. In complex shapes, some compensation errors may

occurs, the manual compensation method is the

solution.
Example No.1
Write a CNC program to mill the outline of the following
part using 0.5” end mill. The machine doesn't

support the tool compensation option.

2
4

5 1
Dim in inch
 Solution Tool change Point
P0

Y
ΔY 2 ΔY
ΔX P2 P3 ΔX
4

ΔY ΔY
P4ΔX P5 ΔX
P1 1
P6
ΔY 5 X ΔY 1 Z

ΔX ΔX
 XC = YC =
point X Y ΔX ΔY
X+ΔX Y+ΔY
1 0 0 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
2 0 4 -0.25 0.25 -0.25 4.25
3 2 4 0.25 0.25 2.25 4.25
4 2 1 0.25 0.25 2.25 1.25
5 5 1 0.25 0.25 5.25 1.25
6 5 0 0.25 -0.25 5.25 -0.25
ΔX : the cutter location shift in X direction
ΔY : the cutter location shift in Y direction

XC : the cutter location in X direction

G code Program
YC : the cutter location in Y direction
 G Code Program
N010 G20 G90

N020 G00 X6 Y5 Z0.5 T01 M06

N030 X-0.25 Y-0.25 S1000 M03 M07

N040 G01 Z-1.5 F200

N050 Y4.25

N060 X2.25

N070 Y1.25

N080 X5.25

N090 Y-0.25

N100 X-0.25

N110 Z0.5

N120 G00 X6 Y5 M05 M09

N130 M30
The tool path is regenerated according to
tool’s diameter
ΔX and ΔY are determined depending on the case
of the intersections of two surfaces.
Case No.1 : Two Perpendicular Surfaces

ΔX = ΔY = rc ΔY

ΔX

Case No.2 : One Horizontal And Other Inclined

ΔY = rc ΔX
α
2/ α
ΔX = rc / tan(α/2) rc ΔY

α
 Case No.3 : one vertical and other inclined

ΔX = rc

ΔY = rc / tan(α/2)

Case No.4 : one vertical and other inclined

ΔX = rc

ΔY = rc / tan(α/2)
Example No.2
Write a CNC program to mill the outline of the following
part using 0.5” end mill. The machine doesn't
support the tool compensation option.

Dim in inch

Thick. = 1”
 XC = YC =
point X Y ΔX ΔY
X+ΔX Y+ΔY
1 0 0 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
2 0 5 -0.25 0.25 -0.25 5.25
3 2 5 .09 0.25 2.09 5.25
4 5 2.48 0.25 0.116 5.25 2.6
5 5 0 0.25 -0.25 5.25 -0.25
 G code Program
N010 G20 G90

N020 G00 X7 Y7 Z1 T01 M06

N030 X-0.25 Y-0.25 S1000 M03 M07

N040 G01 Z-1.5 F200

N050 X-0.25 Y5.25

N060 X2.09

N070 X5.25 Y2.6

N080 Y-0.25

N090 X-0.25

N100 Z1

N120 G00 X7 Y7 M05 M09

N130 M30
Case No.5 : Line with arc

ΔX= ( R + rc ) sin (α)

ΔY= ( R + rc ) cos (α)

Example No.3
Define the coordinates for the outline of the following
profile. The machine doesn't support the tool
compensation option.

All Dim.
are in inch
point X Y ΔX ΔY XC YC I J

1 0 0 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25

2 1.75 2.5 -2 0 -0.25 2.5 2 0

3 1.75 2.5 0.84 1.81 2.59 4.31

4 4.5 1.5 0.73 1.58 5.23 3.08 0.7 1.5

5 4.5 1.5 0 -1.75 4.5 -0.25

Solution
At Point 3
ΔX3=(1.75+0.25) sin (θ)
ΔY3=(1.75+0.25) cos (θ)
Where:
Θ=α+β
Tan(α)=1/2.75 α = 20 deg.
Sin(β) = 0.25 / 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 β = 5 deg. Θ = 25 deg.
ΔX3 = 0.842 inch
ΔY3 = 1.814 inch
Xc3 = 1.75+0.842=2.592 inch
Yc3 = 2.5 + 1.814 = 4.314 inch
At Point 4

ΔX4=(0.25+1.5) sin (25) = 0.737 inch

ΔY4=(1.5+0.25) cos (25) = 1.587 inch

Xc4 = 4.5+0.737=5.237 inch

Yc4 = 1.5+1.537= 3.087 inch

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