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! Home / Education / Pakistan Studies

History Pakistan Studies

Role of Aligarh
Movement in Social and
Political Uplift of Indian
Muslims
Content Generator • July 10, 2020 "0

# 4 minutes read

$ What was the importance of Aligarh Movement

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This post discusses the role of the Aligarh

Movement in the social and political
development of Muslims of the Indian
subcontinent.

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What was the Aligarh

Movement? 

The term ‘Aligarh Movement’ refers to the

educational efforts of Sir Syed Ahmad
Khan that he made in Aligarh Town in
Uttar Pradesh in India in the latter half of
the 20th century. The core aim of the
Aligarh Movement was to transform the
lives of Indian Muslims through modern
education. 

What were the socio-economic

and Political Conditions of
Muslims before the Aligarh
Movement? 

Contents 
1. 1. Economic conditions
2. 2. Political conditions
3. 3. Educational backwardness
4. Role of Aligarh Movement in Social upliftment
5. Role of Aligarh Movement in the Political uplift of
Muslims
6. 1. Advice to put aside confrontational politics
7. 2. Advice to keep aloof from the congress
8. 3. Formation of All India Muslim League (AIML) in
1906
9. 4. Role in the establishment of Pakistan
10. Conclusion

1. Economic conditions
After the 1857 Revolt, the socio-economic
and political conditions of Indian Muslims
started to deteriorate. They lagged behind
other communities in all aspects and
departments of life as the British targeted
them for starting the revolt. 

The British confiscated their lands and

handed them over to people other than
Muslims. The government denied jobs for
Muslims in the government and civil
service. The type of jobs that Muslims did
included ink filling, carrying water to the
latrine, dusting, and sweeping purposes.

2. Political conditions
In politics, Muslims faced denial in their
participation in the councils. They found
their wishes and reservations unheard in
matters concerning the Muslim
community.  Consequently, they started to
hate the British for their anti-Muslim
policies wore a posture of resentment.
Thus, the government neglected the
Muslim community in the development
projects and work it initiated. 

3. Educational backwardness
Muslims suffered most in education. They
considered English education
fundamentally against Islam and did not
send their children to schools. They
believed the British wanted to divert the
attention of Muslim children away from
Islam through English Education.

The result of the boycott of schools was

that after a couple of decades, a whole
generation was illiterate.  In
contradiction, children of other
communities received education and
occupied almost all departments of
national life.

What was the role of the

Aligarh Movement in the
social and political upliftment
of Indian Muslims? 

Role of Aligarh Movement in

Social upliftment
As a result of Aligarh, Movement Muslims
got modern education which they
considered anti-Islam earlier.  Aligarh
college and university produced people of
great caliber i.e. poets, writers, orators,
politicians, etc.

Graduates of Aligarh College developed

an improved and positive image of
Muslims as their role in different sectors
of life e.g. government jobs, trade &
commerce increased with an enhanced
economic status. They built and
developed a sense of self-respect, hard
work and paved the way for the
renaissance of Indian Muslims.

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Now, the status of Muslims enhanced as a

civilized and educated community. The
British also started to treat Muslims with
respect and in a fair manner. Previously,
they were treated with disdain and
disrespect as inferior beings.

Role of Aligarh Movement in

the Political uplift of Muslims

1. Advice to put aside

confrontational politics
Muslims thought and considered any
move or step taken by the government
basically an act of conspiracy against
Muslims and Islam. This approach put
Muslims always at loggerheads with the
British. British being in power could do
anything to harm Muslims. Sir Syed
Ahmed was of the view that the British
were to stay in India for a longer time and
it would be futile to fight them from a
very weak position.

Any potential uprising among Muslims

would have led to reprisals more horrific
than the aftereffects of the 1857 Indian
Revolt. Therefore, Sir Syed advised
Muslims to avoid confrontational politics
and become loyal subjects. As Muslims
start to cooperate with the British, they
started considering Muslims less hostile
and friendly. As a result, Muslims also
witnessed and experienced comparatively
better treatment at the hands of the
British. 

2. Advice to keep aloof from

the congress
Sir Syed asked Muslims to keep aloof
from Congress. According to him, a
political party formed on basis of the
Western Political system would not
represent all communities of India.
Moreover, the concept of a single-party
system would render minority groups
unrepresented. Hence, for Sir Syed,
becoming part of the Congress would
leave little space for Muslims to play their
role. 

3. Formation of All India

Muslim League (AIML) in
1906
The establishment of the league took
place on 31st December 1906 in the
annual session of the Muhammadan
Educational Conference.  It was Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan who had founded the
conference as part of the Aligarh
Movement. Hence, the Aligarh Movement
has a direct role in the formation of the
AIML.

The league made efforts to secure

constitutional guarantees for the
protection of the Muslim rights and
Interests in a united India. For this
purpose, the league attempted to make
reconciliation with the congress and
foster an environment of cooperation
despite the belligerent attitude of the
latter. 

4. Role in the establishment

of Pakistan
Although the League made sincere efforts
for reconciliation and cooperation, the
Congress did not bother to reciprocate.
The congress by its anti-Muslim approach
compelled the league and its leaders to
realize it was impossible to co-exist in
Indian after British Departure.

Similarly, the Congress tyranny on

Muslims during its rule in 1937-1939
disappointed Muslims who had supported
it in the elections in1937. With the failure
of its efforts for reconciliation and
compromise, the league was finally forced
to demand a separate state for Indian
Muslims in which they could live their life
as per their own wishes. Demanded in
1940, Pakistan was established because
of the league’s untiring efforts under the
leadership of Muhammad Ai Jinnah. 

Conclusion
All India Muslim League made Pakistan.
The league itself came into being in the
annual meeting of the Muhammadan
Educational Conference which was an
important organization of the Aligarh
Movement.  Thus, Aligarh Movement was
the first step towards an independent
state for Muslims of the Indian
subcontinent. 

F T E S
ac w m h

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