BS en 1677-4-2000+a1-2008 Links Grade 8

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30 April 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008
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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1677-4:2000+A1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2008
ICS 53.020.30 Supersedes EN 1677-4:2000
English Version
Components for slings - Safety - Part 4: Links, Grade 8
Accessoires pour élingues - Sécurité - Partie 4: Mailles, Einzelteile für Anschlagmittel - Sicherheit - Teil 4:
Classe 8 Einzelglieder, Güteklasse 8
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 9 September
2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................5
4 Hazards ...................................................................................................................................................6
Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements...........................................................................................7
5 Safety requirements ..............................................................................................................................7
5.1 Design .....................................................................................................................................................7
5.2 Dimensions.............................................................................................................................................7
Table 2 — Internal length and width of parallel sided master links ..............................................................7
5.3 Materials and heat treatment ................................................................................................................8
Table 3 — Sulfur and phosphorous content ....................................................................................................8
Table 4 — Chemical composition - alloying elements....................................................................................8
5.4 Manufacturing methods and workmanship ........................................................................................9
5.5 Mechanical properties .........................................................................................................................10
Table 5 — Working load limits.........................................................................................................................11
6 Verification of safety requirements....................................................................................................11
6.1 Qualification of personnel ..................................................................................................................11
6.2 Type tests and examination................................................................................................................12
Figure 1 — Test pieces.....................................................................................................................................13
Figure 2 — Bend test equipment.....................................................................................................................13
6.3 Manufacturing examination ................................................................................................................14
6.4 Manufacturing tests.............................................................................................................................14
6.5 Manufacturing test regime (forged links) ..........................................................................................15
Table 6 — Number of links in a lot ..................................................................................................................15
6.6 Manufacturing test regime (welded links) .........................................................................................16
7 Marking .................................................................................................................................................17
7.1 Links......................................................................................................................................................17
7.2 Load bearing pins ................................................................................................................................17
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8 Manufacturer’s certificate ...................................................................................................................17

9 Instructions for use .............................................................................................................................18
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
" .......................................................................................19
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC"
Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
" ...................................................................................20
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"
2
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains,
ropes, webbing, slings and accessories - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by December 2009.
This document supersedes EN 1677-4:2000.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-09-09.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
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and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document."
It is a Part of a products standard related to safety for components for slings.
The other Parts of EN 1677 for components for slings are:
Part 1: Forged steel components - Grade 8

Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch - Grade 8
Part 3: Forged steel self-locking hooks - Grade 8
Part 5: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch - Grade 4
Part 6: Links - Grade 4
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

3
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
Introduction
This European standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard providing one means of complying
with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
The links covered by this Part of EN 1677 are normally supplied to be part of a sling, but they may also be
used for other applications. In such instances it is important that the link design is checked to ensure its fitness
for the intended use.
The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope. In addition, lifting equipment shall conform
as appropriate to EN 292 for hazards that are not covered by this standard.
1 Scope
This part of EN 1677 specifies requirements for forged or welded steel master links, intermediate master links,
master link assemblies and lower terminal links of grade 8 up to 132 t WLL, mainly for use in:
 chain slings according to EN 818-4
 steel wire rope slings
 textile slings according to EN 1492-1:2000, EN 1492-2:2000.
intended for lifting objects, materials or goods.
This Part of EN 1677 does not apply to hand forged links.
The hazards covered by this Part of EN 1677 are identified in clause 4.
!Annexes ZA and ZB give the relationship with EU-Directives."
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 292-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts - General principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology
EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts - General principles for design - Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications (Amendment 1: 1995)
EN 818-4:1996, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety - Part 4: Chain slings - grade 8
EN 818-6:2000, Short link chain for lifting purposes – Safety - Part 6: Chain slings - Specification for
information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer.
EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery - Principles of risk assessment.
4
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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
EN 1492-1:2000, Textile slings – Safety - Part 1: Flat woven webbing slings made of man-made fibres
EN 1492-2:2000, Textile slings – Safety - Part 2: Round slings made of man-made fibres
EN ISO 9002:1994, Quality systems - Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing
EN 10002-2:1991, Metallic materials - Tensile test - Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the
tensile testing machine
EN 10025:1990/A1:1993, Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels — Technical delivery conditions
EN 10228-1:1999, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection
EN 10228-2:1998, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 2: Penetrant testing
EN 45012, General criteria for certification bodies operating quality system certification
ISO 643 Steels, Micrographic determination of the ferritic or austenitic grain size
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this Part of EN 1677, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
working load limit (WLL)
maximum mass that a link is authorized to sustain in general lifting service.
NOTE This term has the same meaning as the term maximum working load used in annex A of
EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995.
3.2
manufacturing proof force (MPF)
force applied to the link during the manufacturing proof test.
3.3
breaking force (BF)
maximum force reached during the static tensile test of the link at the end of which the link fails to retain the
load.
3.4
sling
assembly consisting of chain, wire rope or textile joined to upper and lower terminals suitable for attaching
loads to the hook of a crane or other lifting machine.
3.5
master link
link forming the upper terminal of a sling by means of which the sling is attached to the hook of a crane or
other lifting machine.
3.6
intermediate master link
link used to connect one or two legs of a sling to a master link.
3.7
master link assembly
assembly consisting of a master link together with two intermediate master links.

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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
3.8
lower terminal
link, hook or other device fitted at the end of a leg of a sling, remote from the master link or upper terminal.
3.9
traceability code
series of letters and/or numbers marked on a link that enable its manufacturing history, including the identity of
the cast of steel used, to be traced.
3.10
lot
specified number of links from which samples are selected for testing purposes and that have been
manufactured from the same cast of steel and subjected to the same heat treatment process.
3.11
integral joining device
means of connection that does not depend on welding and is integrated with the link.
3.12
total ultimate elongation
total extension at the point of fracture of the link expressed as a percentage of the internal length of the test
sample.
3.13
competent person
designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the necessary
instruction to enable the required test and examination to be carried out.
NOTE 4.18 of EN ISO 9002:1994 gives guidance on training.
4 Hazards
Accidental release of a load or, release of a load due to failure of a link puts at risk, either directly or indirectly,
the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone.
In order to provide the necessary strength and durability of links, this Part of EN 1677 gives requirements for
the design, manufacture and testing to ensure that specified levels of performance are met.
Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of grade and specification of link, this Part of EN 1677 also
gives requirements for marking and the manufacturer’s certificate.
Errors in fitting can also lead to failure and this Part of EN 1677 contains dimensional requirements to allow
correct fit.
Risk of injury due to sharp edges, sharp angles or rough surfaces when handling is also covered by this
standard.
Those aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in prEN 818-6:1999.
Table 1 contains those hazards which require action to reduce risk identified by risk assessment as being
specific and significant for links of grade 8.
6
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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements

Hazards identified in annex A of Relevant clause of annex A Relevant clause/subclause
EN 1050: 1996 of EN 292-2: 1991/A1: 1995 of this Part of EN 1677
1 Mechanical hazard due to 1.3.2 5
inadequacy of strength 4.1.2.3 5
4.1.2.5 5
4.2.4 5
1.7.3 7
1.7.4 9
1.3 Cutting hazard 1.3.4 5.4
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 1.3.4 5.4
15 Error of fitting hazard 1.5.4 9 5.2
5 Safety requirements
5.1 Design
Links shall be either:
a) parallel-sided links produced by forging or welding;
NOTE Forged links may be with or without integral joining devices.
b) pear shaped links with integral joining devices (i.e. links with unequal radii at either end) produced by
forging.
Parts of integral joining devices, such as pins and their securing elements, shall be so designed and
manufactured that, after assembly, no unintended displacement can occur.
NOTE The effects of wear, corrosion of securing elements or rough usage should be considered.
5.2 Dimensions
The internal dimensions of links covered by this part of EN 1677 shall be such as to ensure articulation so that
the force imposed is transmitted in the intended direction.
The cross-section of links shall be so as to conform to 5.5.
NOTE This requirement permits a varying shape and area of cross-section.
The internal length and internal width of parallel sided master links shall be as in table 2.
The internal length of pear shaped master links shall be 53 WLL minimum (in mm) and the internal width at
the widest point 27 WLL minimum (in mm) where the WLL is given in tonnes.
Table 2 — Internal length and width of parallel sided master links

WLL minimum internal length minimum internal width
≤ 25 t 58 WLL 31,5 WLL

> 25 t 45 WLL 25 WLL
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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
5.3 Materials and heat treatment
5.3.1 Quality of material
5.3.1.1 General
Within the limitations given in 5.3.1.2 to 5.3.1.4, the manufacturer shall select the type of steel to be used so
that the finished links, when suitably heat-treated, conform to the mechanical properties specified in this Part
of EN 1677.
5.3.1.2 Type of steel
The steel shall be produced by an electric process or by an oxygen blown process.
5.3.1.3 Deoxidation
The steel shall be fully killed as defined in EN 10025:1990/A1:1993, stabilized against strain-age
embrittlement, and have an austenitic grain size of 5 or finer when tested in accordance with ISO 643.
This shall be accomplished by ensuring that the steel contains sufficient aluminium (minimum 0,025 %) to
permit the manufacture of links stabilized against strain age embrittlement during service.
5.3.1.4 Chemical composition
5.3.1.4.1 General
The steel shall contain alloying elements in sufficient quantities so that the finished link, when heat treated in
accordance with 5.3.2 not only conforms to the mechanical properties specified in this Part of EN 1677, but
also possesses adequate low temperature ductility in order to work satisfactorily in the temperature range
-40 °C to 400 °C.
The steel shall contain no more sulfur and phosphorus than the limits given in table 3.
Table 3 — Sulfur and phosphorous content

Maximum mass content as determined by
Element Cast analysis % Check analysis %
Sulfur 0,025 0,030
Phosphorus 0,025 0,030
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5.3.1.4.2 Forged links
The steel shall contain at least two of the three alloying elements, in the minimum percentages shown in
table 4.
Table 4 — Chemical composition - alloying elements

Element Minimum mass content as determined
by cast analysis
% (m/m)
Nickel 0,40
Chromium 0,40
Molybdenum 0,15
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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
5.3.1.4.3 Welded links
The steel shall contain nickel and at least one of the other elements in the minimum percentage shown in
table 4.
5.3.2 Heat treatment
Each link shall be hardened from a temperature above the AC3 point and tempered before being subjected to
the manufacturing proof force. The tempering temperature shall be a minimum of 400 °C.
The tempering conditions shall be at least as effective as a temperature of 400 °C maintained for a period of
1 h.
NOTE A method of verification is as follows. After the links have been reheated to and maintained for 1 h at 400 °C
and then cooled to room temperature; they should conform in the finished condition to 5.5.2 and 5.5.3.
Surface hardening shall not be used.
5.4 Manufacturing methods and workmanship
5.4.1 Manufacture
5.4.1.1 Forged links
Each forged link shall be hot forged in one piece. Excess metal from the forging operation shall be removed
cleanly leaving the surface free from sharp edges. After heat treatment, furnace scale shall be removed.
Edges of machined surfaces shall be rounded to ensure attainment of mechanical properties and to eliminate
cutting edges.
5.4.1.2 Welded links
Each welded link shall be manufactured from steel of weldable quality.
Welds shall be produced using the resistance butt or flash butt processes and shall be positioned in the centre
of the leg of the link (see figure 1).
The steel in the length affected by welding shall not be displaced at any point so as to undercut the contours
of the link. The weld shall be smoothly finished all round.
The length affected by welding shall not extend by more than 0,6 of the material diameter to either side of the
centre of the weld.
If the link has a flattened section this shall be on the leg of the link opposite to the weld.
5.4.2 Surface finish
The finished condition of links shall include any surface finish.
NOTE Links are supplied in various surface finishes, e.g. de-scaled, electroplated or painted.
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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
5.5 Mechanical properties
5.5.1 General
The mechanical properties of links shall be as specified in 5.5.2 to 5.5.5.
5.5.2 Manufacturing proof force (MPF)
The manufacturing proof force shall be the force calculated by multiplying the appropriate working load limit
given in table 5 by a factor of 2,5 and taking account of acceleration due to gravity (g).
Links, including load-bearing pins, if used, shall be able to withstand the manufacturing proof force. Following
removal of the force the dimensions shall be within the tolerances specified on the link manufacturer’s
drawings.
5.5.3 Breaking force (BF) and total ultimate elongation
The breaking force shall be the force calculated by multiplying the appropriate working load limit given in table
5 by a factor of 4 and taking account of acceleration due to gravity (g). On completion of the static tensile test,
the forged links shall show evidence of deformation and the welded links shall show a total ultimate elongation
of not less than 20 %.
Links, including load-bearing pins, if used shall have a breaking force at least equal to that specified.
5.5.4 Fatigue resistance
Links including load bearing pins, if used, with a working load limit up to 32 t shall withstand, without breaking
at least 20 000 cycles of application of the force range specified in 6.2.4.
5.5.5 Bend deflection

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Test pieces taken from welded links shall withstand a minimum deflection of 0,8 times the link material
diameter and shall be free from visible defects after bending.
10
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
Table 5 — Working load limits
Master links Intermediate

and lower Master links
terminal links master links
Single leg Two leg Three and four leg
WLL WLL WLL WLL
t t t t
0,25 0,335 0,5 0,4
0,5 0,71 1,06 0,8
0,8 1,12 1,6 1,25
1,12 1,6 2,36 1,8

1,5 2,12 3,15 2,5
2 2,8 4,25 3,15
2,5 3,35 5 4
3,15 4,25 6,7 5
4 5,6 8 6,3
5,3 7,5 11,2 8,5

6 8 12,5 9,5
8 11,2 17 12,5
10 14 21,2 16
11,2 16 23,6 18
12,5 17 26,5 20
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15 21,2 31,5 23,6
16 23,6 35,5 26,5
20 28 40 31,5
21,2 30 45 33,5
25 33,5 50 40
31,5 45 67 50
40 56 85 63
50 71 106 80
63 90 132 100
NOTE The working load limits for links are generally as given in table 3 of EN 818-4:1996 for multi-leg chain
slings.
6 Verification of safety requirements
6.1 Qualification of personnel
All testing and examination shall be carried out by a competent person.

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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
6.2 Type tests and examination
6.2.1 General
In order to prove the design, material, heat treatment and method of manufacture, each size of link in the
finished condition shall be type tested to demonstrate that the links possess the mechanical properties
specified in this Part of EN 1677.
Any change of design, specification of material, heat treatment, method of manufacture or any dimension
outside normal manufacturing tolerances that may lead to a modification of the mechanical properties defined
in 5.5, shall require that the type tests specified in 6.2.3 to 6.2.6 are carried out on the modified links.
Links intended for use in a master link assembly shall be type tested individually and not as an assembly.
The tests specified in 6.2.3 to 6.2.6 shall be carried out on three samples of each size of link of each design,
material, heat treatment and method of manufacture.
Links designed for use with textile slings shall be tested (other than in fatigue) so that the force is applied
through the appropriate textile element.
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In the tests specified in 6.2.3 to 6.2.5, the force shall be applied to the link axially without shock, using a test
fixture of not greater than 70 % of the internal width of the link.
The test machine used in the tests specified in 6.2.3 to 6.2.5 shall conform to EN 10002 Part 2: 1991 Class 1.
6.2.2 Examination for design and dimensions
One sample of each design shall be visually examined for conformity with the requirements of 5.1 and 5.2.
6.2.3 Test for deformation
Three samples shall be tested and each shall sustain the manufacturing proof force specified for the link in
5.5.2. Following the removal of the force, the dimensions shall be within the tolerances specified on the link
manufacturer’s drawings. In no case shall any dimension alter by more than 1,0 % of the initial dimension,
after the manufacturing proof force has been applied and removed.
6.2.4 Static tensile test and total ultimate elongation
Three samples shall be tested and each shall conform to the requirements specified in 5.5.3.
NOTE This test may be carried out on the same links subjected to the deformation test.
NOTE It is not necessary to test the link up to its actual breaking force for the specified mechanical properties to be
demonstrated. It is sufficient that both the minimum breaking force and total ultimate elongation specified for welded links
are reached.
6.2.5 Fatigue test
Three samples shall be tested and each shall be able to withstand at least 20 000 cycles of the force range
without breaking.
The maximum force applied during each cycle shall be equivalent to 1,5 times the working load limit given in
table 5. The minimum force in each cycle shall be positive and less than or equal to 3 kN. The frequency of
force applications shall be not greater than 25 Hz.
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EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
6.2.6 Bend test
Three test piece samples shall be tested and each shall be bent in a shock free manner in the bend test
equipment shown in figure 2, and shall conform to the bend deflection requirements given in 5.5.5.
Test pieces taken from the links to be tested shall contain a central weld and shall have a length of 5 times the
link diameter, as indicated in figure 1.
Figure 1 — Test pieces
The bend test equipment shall be as shown in figure 2. The included angle of the V-block shall be 90° and the
diameter of the mandrel shall be twice the link diameter.
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Figure 2 — Bend test equipment
6.2.7 Acceptance criteria for type tests and examination
6.2.7.1 Examination for design and dimensions
The sample shall meet the requirements.

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BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
6.2.7.2 Test for deformation
If any of the three samples fails the test for deformation, the link of the size submitted for type testing shall be
deemed not to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
6.2.7.3 Static tensile test and total ultimate elongation, fatigue test and bend test
If all three samples pass the static tensile test, fatigue test and bend test, the link of the size submitted for type
testing shall be deemed to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
If one sample fails, two further samples shall be tested and both shall pass the test in order for the link of the
size submitted for testing to be deemed to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
If two or three samples fail the test, the link of the size submitted for type testing shall be deemed not to
conform to this Part of EN 1677.
6.3 Manufacturing examination
All finished links shall be visually examined for conformity to the requirements of 5.4.1.
6.4 Manufacturing tests
6.4.1 Manufacturing proof test

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For the manufacturing proof test, the equipment used shall apply a force at least equal to the manufacturing
proof force specified.
After heat treatment and de-scaling, links shall sustain the appropriate manufacturing proof force specified in
5.5.2. After removal of the force, there shall be no visible defect, and the dimensions shall be within the
tolerances specified on the manufacturer’s drawings.
Where finishing processes are used that involve risk of link embrittlement, e.g. acid cleaning or electroplating,
the manufacturing proof force shall be reapplied in the finished condition.
6.4.2 Non-destructive test (forged links)
The forged surfaces of links, excluding load bearing pins machined from drawn bar, shall, after heat treatment
and de-scaling, be subjected to magnetic particle or dye penetrant examination in accordance with EN 10228
Part 1:1999 and EN 10228 Part 2:1998.
Indications greater than 2 mm in length shall not be permitted in areas of the link subjected to tensile stresses,
in all foreseeable service conditions.
If grinding is required to remove such indications, then after grinding, the link shall conform to the dimensions
and tolerances specified by the manufacturer. A final examination shall show no indications greater than 2 mm
in length.
NOTE Care should be taken to ensure that the direction and roughness of grinding does not create starting points for
fatigue failure and cause excessive heating that may have a local effect on the heat treatment condition, or cause cracks.
Load bearing pins machined from drawn bar shall be tested (e.g. by hardness testing or using magnetic
sorting techniques) to demonstrate that they have been satisfactorily heat treated. The pins shall be examined
following heat treatment and shall be free from visible defects.
14
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
6.5 Manufacturing test regime (forged links)
6.5.1 General
The manufacturing test regime shall depend on whether the manufacturer has a quality system conforming to
EN ISO 9002 and is certified by a certification body accredited to EN 45012.
NOTE A quality system conforming to EN ISO 9001 automatically conforms to EN ISO 9002.
If such a system is in place and operating the manufacturer’s test regime shall comply with 6.5.2. If no such
system is in place or operating the manufacturer’s test regime shall comply with 6.5.3.
NOTE Subclause 6.5.2 specifies alternative testing regimes. It is permissible for load bearing pins to be tested to a
different regime to that of the rest of the link.
The maximum size of the lot shall be as given in table 6 for the working load limits indicated.
Table 6 — Number of links in a lot
Working load Maximum number

limit (WLL) in a lot
Up to 2,5 1000
over 2,5 to 10 500
over 10 200
6.5.2 Manufacturing test regime and acceptance criteria when quality system conforming to
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EN ISO 9002 is in place and operating
If a quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is in place and operating, the manufacturer shall have the
choice of either:
a) Applying the manufacturing proof force test to all links in the lot specified in table 6 in accordance with
6.4.1 plus non-destructive testing of 3 % of the lot of links in accordance with 6.4.2.
If all of the 3 % sample of links pass the non-destructive test then all the links in the lot which also pass
the manufacturing proof force test shall be deemed to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
If any of the 3 % sample fail the non-destructive test than all the links in the lot shall be subjected to both
the non-destructive test and the manufacturing proof force test. All links which pass both tests shall
or
b) Applying the non-destructive test to all links in the lot specified in table 6 in accordance with 6.4.2 plus
manufacturing proof force testing of 3 % of the lot of links in accordance with 6.4.1.
If all of the 3 % sample of links pass the manufacturing proof force test then all links in the lot which also
pass the non-destructive test shall be deemed to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
If any of the 3 % sample fail the manufacturing proof force test then all links in the lot shall be subjected to
both the non-destructive test and the manufacturing proof force test. All links which pass both tests shall

15
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
EN ISO 9002 is not in place or not operating
If a quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is not in place or not operating, the manufacturer shall carry
out a manufacturing proof test in accordance with 6.4.1 and a non-destructive test in accordance with 6.4.2 on
every link including load bearing pins. Any link failing the manufacturing proof test or the non-destructive test
shall not conform to this Part of EN 1677.
All links that pass both the manufacturing proof test and the non-destructive test shall conform to this Part of
EN 1677.
In addition, the manufacturer shall subject one sample per lot to the static tensile test as defined in 6.2.1 and
6.2.4. If the sample meets the appropriate requirements then the lot shall be deemed to conform to this Part of
EN 1677.
If the sample fails to meet the requirements then two further samples shall be taken from the same lot. Both of
these samples shall be subjected to the static tensile test. If one or both of these samples fail to meet the
appropriate requirements the entire lot shall be deemed not to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
6.6 Manufacturing test regime (welded links)
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6.6.1 General
The manufacturing test regime shall depend on whether the manufacturer has a quality system that conforms
to EN ISO 9002 and certified by a certification body accredited to EN 45012.
NOTE A quality system conforming to EN ISO 9001 automatically conforms to EN ISO 9002.
If such a system is in place and operating the manufacturer’s test regime shall comply with 6.6.2. If no such
system is in place or operating the manufacturer’s test regime shall conform to 6.6.3.
The maximum size of the lot shall be as given in table 6 for the working load limits indicated.
EN ISO 9002 is in place and operating
If a quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is in place and operating, the manufacturer shall apply the
manufacturing proof test to all links supplied in accordance with 6.4.1.
Any link failing the manufacturing proof test shall not conform to this Part of EN 1677.
EN ISO 9002 is not in place or not operating
If a quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is not in place or not operating, the manufacturer shall carry
out manufacturing proof test in accordance with 6.4.1 on all links supplied. Any link failing the manufacturing
proof test shall be deemed not to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
In addition the manufacturer shall subject one sample per lot to the static tensile test as defined in 6.2.4. If the
sample meets the appropriate requirements then the lot shall be deemed to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
If the sample fails to meet the requirements then two further samples shall be taken from the same lot. Both of
these samples shall be subjected to the static tensile test. If one or both of the samples fail to meet the
appropriate requirements the entire lot shall be deemed not to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
In addition, the manufacturer shall subject one sample per lot to the bend test as defined in 6.2.6. If the
sample meets the appropriate requirements then the lot shall be deemed to conform to this Part of EN 1677.
16
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
If the sample fails to meet the requirements, then two further samples shall be taken from the same lot. Both
of these samples shall be subjected to the bend test.
If one or both of these samples fail to meet the appropriate requirements, the entire lot shall be deemed not to
7 Marking
7.1 Links
Each link, master link or master link assembly shall be legibly and indelibly marked in a place where the
marking will not be removed by use and in a manner that will not impair the mechanical properties. The
marking shall include at least the following information.
a) the manufacturer’s product code;
b) The grade number ‘8’;
c) The manufacturer’s name, symbol or mark;
d) The traceability code.
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NOTE Care should be taken to ensure that the marking cannot be mistaken for the working load limit of the link.
NOTE Item a) should provide via the manufacturer’s literature the WLL and applications for which the link is suitable.
7.2 Load bearing pins
Each removable load bearing pin of 13 mm diameter and above, shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the
relevant grade number and the manufacturer’s symbol in a manner that will not impair the mechanical
properties of the pin.
8 Manufacturer’s certificate
After all the testing as specified in clause 6 has been carried out with satisfactory results, the manufacturer
shall issue a certificate for links of the same nominal dimensions, size, material, heat treatment, and method
of manufacture as the links tested.
The certificate shall include at least the following information:
a) name and address of the manufacturer or authorized representative, including the date of issue of the
certificate and authentication;
b) the number and Part of the European Standard; i.e. EN 1677-4;
c) the manufacturer’s product code;
d) the quantity and description of the link or master link assembly;
e) the grade number 8;
f) the working load limit, in tonnes;
g) !the manufacturing proof force according to 5.5.2, in kilonewtons;"

17
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
h) confirmation that the specified minimum breaking force was met or exceeded;
i) an identification of the quality system to EN ISO 9002, when in place and operating.
The manufacturer shall keep a record, for at least 10 years after the last certificate has been issued, of the
material specification, heat treatment, dimensions, test results, quality system in use and all relevant data
concerning the links that have satisfied the type tests, including records of sampling. This record shall also
include the manufacturing specifications that shall apply to subsequent production.
9 Instructions for use

Instructions for use shall accompany the links, master links or master link assemblies and shall conform to the
relevant clauses of EN 818-6:2000 and including a description of the applications (applications includes WLL
and number of legs). Advice shall be given on how to assemble and disassemble forged links with integral
joining device and how to ensure the correct fit of the pin.
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18
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/CE on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING - Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard."
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19
BS EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008
EN 1677-4:2000+A1:2008 (E)
Annex ZB
(informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
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clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING - Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard."
20
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Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy blank
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BS EN
1677-4:2000
+A1:2008 British Standards Institution (BSI)
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Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

ICS 53.020.30 Supersedes EN 1677-4:2000

Components for slings - Safety - Part 4: Links, Grade 8

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

Copyright British Standards Institution

8 Manufacturer’s certificate ...................................................................................................................17

This document supersedes EN 1677-4:2000.

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-09-09.

It is a Part of a products standard related to safety for components for slings.

The other Parts of EN 1677 for components for slings are:

Part 1: Forged steel components - Grade 8

Copyright British Standards Institution

 chain slings according to EN 818-4

 steel wire rope slings

 textile slings according to EN 1492-1:2000, EN 1492-2:2000.

intended for lifting objects, materials or goods.

This Part of EN 1677 does not apply to hand forged links.

The hazards covered by this Part of EN 1677 are identified in clause 4.

!Annexes ZA and ZB give the relationship with EU-Directives."

EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery - Principles of risk assessment.

EN 10228-1:1999, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection

EN 10228-2:1998, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 2: Penetrant testing

3 Terms and definitions

Copyright British Standards Institution

NOTE 4.18 of EN ISO 9002:1994 gives guidance on training.

Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements

Links shall be either:

a) parallel-sided links produced by forging or welding;

NOTE Forged links may be with or without integral joining devices.

The cross-section of links shall be so as to conform to 5.5.

NOTE This requirement permits a varying shape and area of cross-section.

Table 2 — Internal length and width of parallel sided master links

≤ 25 t 58 WLL 31,5 WLL

Copyright British Standards Institution

5.3 Materials and heat treatment

5.3.1 Quality of material

5.3.1.2 Type of steel

The steel shall be produced by an electric process or by an oxygen blown process.

5.3.1.4 Chemical composition

Table 3 — Sulfur and phosphorous content

5.3.1.4.2 Forged links

Table 4 — Chemical composition - alloying elements

5.3.1.4.3 Welded links

5.3.2 Heat treatment

Surface hardening shall not be used.

5.4 Manufacturing methods and workmanship

5.4.1.1 Forged links

5.4.1.2 Welded links

Each welded link shall be manufactured from steel of weldable quality.

5.4.2 Surface finish

The finished condition of links shall include any surface finish.

Copyright British Standards Institution

5.5 Mechanical properties

The mechanical properties of links shall be as specified in 5.5.2 to 5.5.5.

5.5.2 Manufacturing proof force (MPF)