A ray of hope for success……….

Special Note: This Passing Package is prepared based on the

MODEL QUESTIONS PAPER launched by the KSEAB- 2023

PART- A
First In India
First European to reach India Portuguese
First Home Minister of India Vallabhai Patel
First President of India Babu Rajendra Prasad
First state formed based on Language AndhraPradesh
First European landed in Calicut Vasco Da Gama
First to accept Subsidiary alliance Nizam of Hyderabad
First Prime Minister of free India Jawahar Lal Nehru
First Governor General of British Warren Hastings
First viceroy of Portuguese in India Francisco De Almeida
First paper Industry in India Serampur
First lady to fight against British in Karnataka Rani Chennamma
First Multi-purpose river valley project Damodar Valley Project
First Nation park of India Jim Corbett National park
First petroleum well In India Digboi

Articles
Article-21A Right to Education.
Article-24 Prohibits Child Labour
Article -17 Prohibits Untouchability

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 Famous Dates and Events
Dates Events
10th December 1948 Declaration of Human Rights by General assembly.
15th March Human Rights Day.
24th October 1945 Establishment of U N O.
1st January 2015 Introduction Of Niti Ayog.
1978 District Industrial Centers were established.

Famous declarations
Persons Declarations
Dayananda Saraswati ‘India should be for Indians’.
Mahatma Gandhiji Untouchability is a ‘stigma’ on the Hindu society.
Adikavi Pampa ‘Truly, the whole mankind is one’.
Mahatma Gandhiji Development of its villages is the true development of India.

Persons & Books

Persons Books
Sir M Vishweswaraiah ‘Planned Economy for India’.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gita Rahasya.
Dayananda Saraswati Satyartha Prakash.
Jyotibaa Phule Gulamgiri.

Persons & Titles

Persons Title
Sir M Vishweswaraiah Father of Economic Planning in India’.
Basappa Shastri Abhinava Kalidasa.
Dondiya The Wagh/ Tiger.
Krishna Raja Wodeyar IV Rajashri.
Dr. B R Ambedkar Architect of Indian Constitution.
Dr. M S Swaminathan Father of Green Revolution’
Vallabhai Patel Iron Man of India.
Hitler Fuhrer

Places & Titles

Places Title
Constantinople Gateway of European Trade.
Mumbai Manchester of India/ Cotton Polis of India/ Gate way of India
Kolkata Tea port of India.

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 4 Mark question and answers
Chapter – 1 -Advent of Europeans to India (3+4=7 Marks)
1. Plassey war.
Year: - June 23rd, 1757.
Parties:- Siraj-ud-Daula and Robert Clive.  Mir Qasim ran away.
Causes of Plassey war
 Misuse of Dastaks.
 Mending of the fort without
permission.
 Black Room Tragedy.
Outcomes/Effects of Plassey war.
1. Siraj Ud Daula was defeated & killed.
2. Mir Jafar was made Nawab.
3. War brought out the immorality.
4. War bought lack of unity.
5. Company got the rights to trade in
Bengal.
6. Mir Jaffar paid 17 Crores and 70 lakhs.
2. Battle of Buxar
Year- 1764
Parties: Combined forces of Mir Qasim, &
British.
Causes of Buxar war
 Mir Qasim declared himself an
independent King.
 Restricted the misuse of Dustaks.
 Made business was duty free in Bengal.
 British trade suffered.
 British opposed the Nawab.
 British dethroned Mir Qasim.
 British made Mir Jafar again as Nawab.
 Insulted Qasim organized army.
 Qasim entered into agreements with
Shah Alam-II and Shuj-ud-daula.
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Outcomes/Results/Effects of Buxam war.
 Combined forces were defeated.
 Shah Alam-II surrendered.
 British secured Diwani rights.
 Shah Alam II gave the rights over
Bengal for 26 lakhs.
 Nawab of Awadh gave 50 lakhs to
British.
 British took over the entire
administration of Bengal.
 Robert Clive introduced Dual Govt.
3. Expalin how Raja Marthanda Varma
made his kingdom strong and great?
OR
Explain how Marthanda varma checked the
Dutch?
 Built an army of 50,000 Soldiers.
 Extended the border of wynad.
 Occupied the pepper growing areas.
 Made other rulers to oppose Dutch.
 Captured trading centers of Dutch.
 Defeated Dutch in many battles.
 Established the trade rights of pepper
in Kerala and Tamilnadu.
 Got back the ports which were in the
control of the Dutch.
 Made Travancore as the richest
province.
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4. How British did established their
power in India?
 Opened East India Company.
 Met Jahangir.
 Took permission to trade.
 Opened first factory at Surat.
 Later established factories at Agra,
Ahmedabad and Broach.
 Took Madras from the King of
Chandragiri.
 Got Bombay from Charles II.
 Purchased villages namely Calcutta
and Govindapura etc.
 Made Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
as the trading centers.
 Made Calcutta their capital city.
 British Won the battle of Plassey and
Buxar.
 Defeated French in Carnatic wars.
5. How French did established their
power in India?
 Opened French East India Company.
 Started its first factory at Surat.
 Established its factories in Karaikal
Mahe, Karaikal, etc.
 French took Valikandapuram &
developed it as a major trade center.
 Made Pondichery as their Capital.
 Dupleix expanded French power.
6. State the causes that resulted in the
discovery of a new sea-route to India.
 Fall of Constantinople.
 Turks started levying taxes.
 Encouraging sailors.
 Scientific Inventions.
 Trade became unprofitable.
 Europeans attempt to break the
monopoly of Italian traders.
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7. Explain how Portuguese established
their power in India.
 First to arrive at India.
 Almeida implemented ‘Blue Water
Policy’.
 Tried to establish the supremacy over
the sea instead land.
 Albuquerque, waged a battle against
the Sultan of Bijapur.
 Albuquerque captured Goa.
 Goa became the administrative center.
 Had absolute monopoly over trade
with India for a century.
8. Explain the Second Carnatic War.
 Fought in 1749-1754.
 Between French & English.
Reasons:
 Internal Rivalry for the throne of
Hyderabad & Carnatic.
 French supported Salabath Jung in
Hyderabad
 French made Chanda Saheb as the
nawab of Arcot.
 Robert Clive attacked & killed
Chandasaheb.
 British made Md.Ali as the nawab of
Carnatic.
 War ended with the Treaty of
Pondicherry.
 War brought laurels to the English.
 French suffered a political setback.
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1. How did the British and French tried to establish their power in South India?
 British and French were rivals.
 Tried to establish their control over south.
 Fought for the Arcot and Hyderabad.
 Led to Carnatic war.
War & Year Parties Causes Effects/Results
 French captured Madras.
1 Carnatic French  British took the help of
st  War ended with Treaty.
war & Anwaruddin.  Treaty of Aix-la Chappele’
1746-48 British  Anwaruddin failed to defeat
the French.
War & Year Parties Causes Effects/Results
 Political instability in Arcot
 French lost the war.
& Hyderabad.
 British won the war.
2nd Carnatic French  French supported
 War ended with treaty of
war & Chandasaheb.
Pondicherry.
1749-54 British  British supported Md. Ali.
 War brought laurels to the
 Robert clive attacked &
English,
defeated ChandaSaheb.
War & Year Parties Causes Effects/Results
 Sir Eyre Coote defeated the
French.
3rd Carnatic French
 French attempted to seize  Imprisoned Bussy.
war &
the fort Wandiwash in 1760.  Treaty of Paris’ signed.
1756-63 British
 Pondicherry was returned
to French.

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Chapter- 2- Challenges of India and their remedies - (3+4=7 Marks)
1. Make of list of challenges India facing
since 1947.
 Communalism. • Illiteracy.
 Corruption. • Poverty.
 Economic inequality. • Profiteering
 Over – population. • Regionalism.
 Smuggling.
Communalism
Meaning: Split of the whole national
community on the basis of religion.
Effects of Communalism
 Breaks unity and integrity.
 Creates religious division.
 Creates economic antagonism.
 Creates political rivalry.
 Promotes hate philosophy.
 Leads to social unrest.
 Ruin of life and property.
 Leads to physical combat.
32
Measures to check communalism
 Uniform legal system.
 Equal treatment of all citizens.
 Practice of secularism.
 Secular education to children.
 Public awareness.
 Political determination.
 Administrative fairness.
 Sound legal system.
 Healthy media.
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Regionalism
Meaning: Strong feeling of people in
favour of the local area in which they live.
Causes for Regionalism
 Regional historical background.
 Social system.
 Economic considerations.
 Cultural diversities.
 Geographical aspects.
Effects of Regionalism
 Leads to rivalry.
 Breaks unity and integrity.
 Interstate-border disputes.
 River water disputes.
 Acts against national interests.
Measures to tackle Regionalism
 Single national citizenship.
 Promoting national Unity and integrity.
 Preamble of our Constitution declares
“We the people of India”
 Achieve progress of the backward
states.
 Promoting healthy regionalism.
 Promoting strong nationalism.
 Projects for the development of all the
states.
3. What are the reasons for Illiteracy?
 Poverty.
 Migration.
 Child labour.
 Child marriage.
 Lack of interests to give education to
children.
 Assignment of responsibility of baby
care elderly children.
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4. What are the measures to spread literacy?
 Sarva Siksha Abhiyan.
 Provide free education.
 Stress on girl education.
 Compulsory free education.
 National Literacy Mission.
 ‘Sakshara Bharath’pragram.
 Article 21A. Education is a
fundamental right.
 Right to Education-2009
Corruption
Meaning: An inducement to do wrong by
bribery or other unlawful means.
Reasons for Corruption
 Lack of moral urge.
 Selfishness.
 Calculation of risk factors.
 Personal gain.
 Lack of strict vigilance.
 Weak legal system.
Negative consequences of corruption
 Affects the social, economic and
political system.
 Leads to organized crimes.
 Smuggling.
 Fraud.
 Tax- evasion.
 Hoarding.
Measures to fight Corruption
 Strong political will.
 Public support
 Good political leadership.
 Sound administration.
 Lokpal.
 Lok Ayukta.
 Strict punitive measures.
 Harsh punishment.
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Status of Women
Fields in women working
 Doctors • Teachers. • Pilots
 Police • Politicians • Engineers
 Astronauts • Defence personnel.
Measures to improve the position of
women
 Women education.
 Prohibition of Child Marriage Act.
 Dowry Prohibition Act.
 “Stree Shakti”.
 Loan for self-employment.
 Mahila Mandalas.
 Women Self-help groups.
 Women Co-operatives.
 Women Commissions.
 Reservation in Government jobs.
 Reservation local body.
Economic Inequality
Meaning: widening of the gap between
the poor and the rich.
Causes of Economic inequality
 Failure of Government programs.
 High Salary.
 Operation of MNC’s.
 Profiteering.
 Corruption.
 Increasing of white collor jobs.
Measures remove economic inequality
 Proper economic reforms.
 Careful fiscal policies.
 Healthy taxation system.
 Small scale and rural industries.
 Growth of large industrial houses.
 Land reforms.
 Labour oriented policies.
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 Over-Population
Reasons for over population
 Increasing birth rate.
 Decreasing death rate.
 Raise in standard of living.
 Decrease of infant mortality.
 Child Health Care Programs.
Effects of Over population
 Unemployment.
 Illiteracy.
 Poverty.
 Beggary.
 Housing problems.
 Health problems.
 Water scarcity.
Measures to tackle Over Population
 Economic growth.
 Spread of literacy,
 Technical training.
 Agricultural development.
 Industrial growth.
 Export promotion.
 Rise in employment opportunities.
Poverty
Meaning: A condition when people are
not able to get basic necessities of life like
food, cloth and shelter.
Measures to eradicate Poverty
• Issue of BPL cards
• Five year plans.
• Increase per capita income.
• Jawahar Rozgar yojana.
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojanas.
• Proper utilization of resources.
• Proper distribution of wealth.
• MGNAREGA program.
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Profiteering
Meaning: Excess profits earning trend at
the cost of consumers.
OR
Gaining of huge money by easy
method in business.
Factors leading to profiteering
 Monopoly of business
 Spread of multinational companies.
 Unhealthy market practices.
 Hoarding.
 Black marketing.
 Lack of proper price monitoring
Effects of Profiteering
 Corrupts society.
 Creates economic inequality.
 Increase poverty.
 Encourages crimes.
 Rise in prices.
 Erodes the income.
Remedial measures to check the
proffering.
 Proper governmental regulations.
 Control of price index.
 Expansion of cooperative marketing.
 Proper taxation policy.
Smuggling
Meaning: Bringing commodities from
foreign countries without paying taxes.
Effects of Smuggling
• Domestic industries suffer.
• Domestic market suffer.
• Harms the national economic interests.
• Affects the national economy.
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 What are your suggestions to control smuggling?
• Encouraging import substitutions • Modulations of domestic market prices.
• Proper export-import policy • strict coastal vigilance service.
• Punitive measures. • Inter-state trade agreements

Chapter-3 India- Soils

1. How is soil formed? What are its types? 4. What is conservation of soil? List out
 Soil is formed by the weathering of
rocks under different types of climate.  Prevention of soil erosion and
Types of soils
1. Alluvial soil.
2. Black soil.
3. Red soil.
4. Laterite soil.
5. Desert soil.
6. Mountainous soil.
2. What is Soil Erosion? What are the
causes for soil erosion?
 Transportation of surface soil by
various natural forces.
Causes for soil erosion
1. Deforestation.
2. Over grazing.
3. Over irrigation.
4. Unscientific methods of cultivation.
5. Running water.
6. Winds.
7. Sea waves.
3. List out the Effects of soil erosion.
 Accumulation of silt causing floods.
 Rivers change their course.
 Storage capacity of reservoirs gets
reduced.
 Loss of fertility of the soil.
 Agriculture production gets reduced.
 Ground water level is lowered.
 Vegetation covers dries up.
 Drought increase.
the ways of preventing soil erosion.
protecting the fertility of the soil.
Ways to prevent soil erosion
 Counter ploughing.
 Afforestation.
 Control of livestock grazing.
 Planned use of water.
 Construction of check dams.
 Construction of bunds.
 Development of terraced agricultural
fields.
 Prevention of deforestation.
5.Characteristics of Alluvial soil
 Lower area soil.
 Extensively spread.
 Spread over 7.7 million sq. KM.
 Found in northern plains and coastal
plains.
 Crops grown are wheat, paddy,
sugarcane, cotton and jute.
6.Characteristics of Desert soil
 Found in desert.
 Red and brown Colour.
 Water percolates easily.
 Spread over 1.4 lakh km.
 Found in North West of Rajasthan.
 Crops grown- Jowar, Sajje and dates.

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 7.Characteristics of Black soil
 Black in Colour.
 Called ‘Regur soil’.
 Best suited for cotton cultivation.
 Also called Black Cotton Soil.
 Spread over 5.46 lakh Km area.
 Formed by the weathering of igneous
rock.
 Very fertile.
 Contains more of clay particles.
 Capable of retaining water.
 Highly suitable for dry farming.
 Crops grown- Cotton, jowar, wheat,
onion, chilly, lemon and grapes
8.Characteristics of Red soil
 Found on the slopes of the
mountains.
 Contains decayed organic matter.
 Rich in nitrogen and organic
residues.
 Very fertile soil.
 Best for growing coffee and Tea.
 Crops grown- coffee, tea, spices and
fruits.
Chapter-4 Impact of the British Rule In India
Impact of British Land Tax system
 Zamindars class was created.
 Farmers were exploited.
 Farmers became landless.
 Land became a commodity.
 Agriculture became commercialized.
 Money lenders became strong.
 Many Zamindars had to mortgage
their lands to pay land taxes.
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9.Characteristics of Red soil
 Red in colour.
 Spread over 5.18 lakh Km area.
 Largely found in peninsular Plateau.
 Seen from Kanyakumari to Jhansi.
 Spreads from Gujarat to Raj Mahal
hills.
 Crops grown- Ragi, tobacco and oil
seeds.
10.Characteristics of Laterite soil
 Looks red in colour.
 Less fertile soil.
 Lacks nitrogen & minerals.
 Spread over 2.48 lakh km area.
 Found in the areas receiving more
than 200 cms of rainfall.
 Minerals dissolved percolate to
deeper layer of the soil.
 Iron oxides and Aluminium are
found in the top layers.
 Crops grown – coffee and Tea.
Impact of British Education in India
 Universities were established.
 Indians developed modernity,
secularism.
 Developed democratic attitudes.
 Developed Nationalistic ideals.
 Local literature developed.
 Local languages developed.
 Periodicals started.
 Fresh thinking began.
 Influenced Indian freedom struggle.
 Schools & colleges started
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 Measures undertaken at the time of the
British in Police system.
 Introduced by Lord Cornwallis.
 Maintaining the internal law and order.
 Created the post of Superintendent of
Police (SP).
 Divided a district into many ‘Stations’
 Put every station under a ‘Kotwal’.
 Put every village under ‘Chowkidhar’.
 ‘Kotwal’ was made accountable for
thefts etc. at village level.
 Police Officers were under the power of
the Magistrates.
 Police system underwent continuous
changes.
 In 1861, the Indian Police Act was
implemented.
 Police Commission was created in 1902.
Civil Service
 Lord Cornwallis introduced.
 Introduced for the purpose of
administration.
 Company was appointing the
employees.
 Employers made money.
 Employers became corrupt.
 Regulating act was passed in 1773.
 Lord Cornwallis opened Fort William
College in Calcutta.
 Till 1853 appointments were done by
the directors.
 From 1853 appointments for Civil
Services were done through
Competitive Examinations.
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Revenue Systems
Ryotwari System
 Introduced in 1792.
 Introduced by Alexander Reed in
Baramahal.
 Introduced by Thomas Munroe in
Madras & Mysore in 1801.
 Farmer and the company were directly
linked.
 Tiller of the land was recognized as the
owner.
 Owner had to pay fifty percent of
produce as land tax.
 Land tax had thirty years tenure.
Mahalwari System
 Mahal means Taluk.
 Introduced by R.M. Bird and James
Thompson
 Introduced in U P, M P, Punjab etc.
 Big and small Zamindars were part of
this system
 Company officials fixed land tax.
 Land tax was more than the expected
production.
 Farmers suffered severely.
Zamindari System
 Introduced by Lord Cornwallis.
 Introduced in Bengal during 1793.
 Extended to Bihar, Odissa, Andhra etc.
 Zamindar became the land owner.
 Zamindar was expected to pay the
agreed land taxes.
 Zamindar was free to collect any
amount of land taxes.
 Benefited the Zamindar more.
 Zamindar and the Company were
benefitted.
 Farmers suffered severely.
 Farmers were exploited.
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 Judicial system formulated
through East India Company.
 Two types of courts were established.
 Diwani Aadalat’ a civil court
‘Fouzadaari Aadalat’ a criminal court.
 Hindus dispensed justice as per the
Hindu scriptures.
 Muslims dispensed justice as per the
Shariyat.
 British legal procedures were
introduced.
 Civil courts were supervised by
European officers.
 Criminal courts were supervised by
“Qajis”
How does the India Government Act of
1935 become the base of Indian
Constitution?
 Base for the formation of Indian
Constitution.
 Report submitted in 1928.
 Reserve Bank of India was established.
 Act allowed the formation of fully
responsible government by Indians.
 A federal system was formed.
 Diarchy was established at the center.
 Included self-governance in India.
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Regulating Act
Year: 1773
Reasons
 Company officials became corrupt.
 Corrupt officials were criticized.
 Criticized the tax payment.
 England feared that these corrupt
people.
Provisions
 Governor of Bengal became the
Governor General.
 Supreme Court was established in
Calcutta.
 Bengal Presidency gained control over
the other two presidencies.
 Governor General was authorized to
direct, exercise control and to supervise
over the other two presidencies.
 Bombay & Madras presidencies had to
get approval to declare war or
agreements.
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