8.

7 SAQs
1.
A) The passage is known as “The 16th Points” and was created by Students
Demanding policies from the Hungarian government. The 1956 Hungaran
Revolution was an uprising where Hungarians took over the nation with Soviet
Union tanks and weapons. The 16th Points wanted to demand national policies in
protest that were attended by Hungarians in the Hungarian Revolution. Protests
were a constant recurrence and the students wanted to complete the challenge of
getting people to be aware of 16 points of national policies. By listing these
policies, it made Hungarians know the policies of a Hungary government. And
because this was written on October 22, 1956, one month later, the Hungary
Revolution of 1956 started.
B) Both the 1956 Hugarian Revolution and the Czechoslovakia (Cold War era) had
their similarities in the uprising that had occurred. Both of the uprisings were
defined by reformer politicians. The Hungaran Revolution was led by reformer
Imre Nagy, and Czechoslovakia was led by reformer politician Alexander Dubcek.
Both politician reformers wanted to cut out the idea of soviet union control as they
fought in opposition to this idea. By cutting this control, they wanted to
recuperate it by maintaining freedom all throughout the country. Although this
was a hard goal to accomplish in a certain period of time, taking into
consideration the circumstances, the uprisings were often pleasurable for any
future changes that were coming. Lastly, because the 1956 Hugarian Revolution
and Czechoslovakia were seen to be a granting of Soviet Union rule, they both had
to take matters into their own hands by striking force in order to maintain the idea
of communism in their country.
C) Although there were some similarities, there are still major differences defining
the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and the Czechoslovakia (Cold War era). For
instance, Czechoslovakia was opposed to using force and violence to achieve the
goals they wanted; protests were more cognitive. On the contrary, Hungary used a
grand amount of violence/force in the protests; this is because communism
started to disintegrate; however, Hungary wanted to keep communism in their
country because of Soviet Union influence. In addition, as military forces entered
the country, the two countries responded completely differently. Hungarians
fought with so much force and violence, it left about 4,000-5,000 people dead.
Rather than, Czechoslovakia responded in a calm state compared to Hungary.
Also, these two groups were involved in the Warsaw Pact, a peace treaty between
the Soviet Union and 7 other countries, they still had different motives. Reformer
politician Dubcek wanted to simply alter and change some perspectives of
communism but Nagy wanted to completely leave the Warsaw Pact. Overall, these
were the main differences that differed in the uprising of the two sides.

2.
A) During the years after 1900, South America had many intensified conflicts by
individuals/groups. Among these groups was the ETA and Basque Homeland.
 These two organizations had similar goals in wanting their independence in the
region of Basque in Spain. Also, the groups caused many conflicts in South
America especially after 1900 by killing at least 800 people and injured many. IN
addition to the 800 killed people, the ETA killed many others that were chosen in
specific by dictator Fransisco Franco. After a couple years, by the early 2000s the
ETA caused many other conflicts to the landscape of Spain by producing wildfires
that spread and economically damaged cities. All in all, groups and individuals
involved in the ETA and Basque Homeland, were causing conflicts in South
America and gradually increased as time progressed after the 1900s.
B) Militaries were one of the main factors that intensified conflicts after the 1900s.
Many of the countries felt intimidated by conflicts that were affecting other
countries itself. For instance, both the United States and the Soviet Union were
countries that developed their militaries. These two countries along with others
increased the production of weapons, tanks, and tactics. Production industries
grew gradually so this meant that the population increased as well. Militaries
responded in developing military weapons soon causing more conflicts in order to
protect themselves from others for defense.
C) The Brezhnev Doctrine was one way that the power structures in Eastern Europe
were impacted after 1900. To start, Leonid Brezhnev was a General Commander of
the Soviet Union Communist Party; he wanted to establish Soviet Union rights, yet
they were “interfering” with other countries governmental politics but only if they
were considered communist. This doctrine was a policy being a threat to any
other socialist ruling country such as Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe consisted
of power structures in which the Brezhnev Doctrine impacted. They did this by
keeping the power structures out of place with the use of communism. Therefore,
the Brezhnev Doctrine was one form of impact to power structures after 1900.