Nertworkin 4

Question 1

Wide Area Network (WAN) is a type of computer network that spans a large geographical area,
typically connecting multiple local area networks (LANs) or other WANs together. WANs can be used
to connect computers and other devices across a country, continent, or even the entire globe.

WANs are typically owned and operated by telecommunications companies, and use a variety of
technologies to connect devices and networks, including leased lines, satellites, and microwave links.
WANs can also be created using the internet, using technologies like Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
or cloud-based networking solutions.

WANs are used by organizations to connect geographically dispersed offices or facilities, to enable
remote access to applications and data, and to support large-scale data transfer and communication
needs. WANs can also be used for internet access, allowing users to connect to websites and services
located in other parts of the world.

Because WANs cover a large geographic area, they often have higher latency and lower bandwidth
than local networks, which can affect the speed and reliability of data transmission. As a result,
WANs require specialized equipment and protocols to ensure reliable and efficient communication
across the network.

Question 2

1. Requirements: Requirements refer to the needs and goals of the organization that the WAN
is being designed for. This includes understanding the types of applications and data that will
be transmitted over the WAN, the number and location of users and devices that will be
connected to the WAN, and the level of performance and reliability that is required.
Requirements may also include security and compliance considerations, such as the need to
encrypt data during transmission or comply with industry-specific regulations.
2. Constraints: Constraints refer to the limitations or restrictions that may impact the design
and implementation of the WAN. These may include technical constraints, such as the
availability of bandwidth, the type of networking equipment that is available, or the physical
distance between network nodes. Constraints may also include budgetary constraints, such
as the cost of implementing and maintaining the WAN, or the availability of funding for the
project.
3. Presentation: Presentation refers to the way in which the WAN is designed and
communicated to stakeholders. This includes creating detailed network diagrams and
documentation that clearly outline the design and implementation of the WAN, as well as
presenting the design to stakeholders in a way that is easy to understand and supports
effective decision-making. Effective presentation may involve working with stakeholders to
understand their needs and concerns, and communicating the benefits and trade-offs of
different design options.
Question 3

There are three primary classes of IP addresses: Class A, Class B, and Class C. Here's a brief
description of each:

 Class A: Class A addresses use the first octet (the first set of numbers) to identify the network
portion of the address, and the remaining three octets to identify individual devices on that
network. This means that Class A networks can support a large number of devices (up to 16
million), but they are relatively inefficient in terms of how IP addresses are allocated. Class A
addresses are identified by a first octet that falls between 1 and 126.
 Class B: Class B addresses use the first two octets to identify the network portion of the
address, and the remaining two octets to identify individual devices on that network. This
means that Class B networks can support fewer devices than Class A networks (up to
65,000), but they are more efficient in terms of IP address allocation. Class B addresses are
identified by a first octet that falls between 128 and 191.
 Class C: Class C addresses use the first three octets to identify the network portion of the
address, and the remaining octet to identify individual devices on that network. This means
that Class C networks can support even fewer devices than Class B networks (up to 254), but
they are the most efficient in terms of IP address allocation. Class C addresses are identified
by a first octet that falls between 192 and 223.