Cell Structure

■ Plasma membrane
■ Cytoplasm: cytosol + organelles “little organs”
■ Nucleus
Generalized View of Cell Structure
Cell Organelles
■ Cytoskeleton
■ Flagella, cilia & centrioles
■ Endoplasmic reticulum
■ Golgi apparatus
■ Mitochondrion
■ Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope
■ Vesicles, e.g. lysosome
Cellular Diversity
■ In size and shape

■ Structure determines function, cells differ

in structure related to their functions.
❑ Nerve cells may reach several feet in length to
carry nerve impulses from spinal cord to toe
❑ Muscle cells can produce effective contractions
because they are cylindrical or spindle-shaped
❑ Microvilli increase surface area of intestinal cells
to maximize absorptive ability