Judgment and Propositions

Judgment is defined as a process whereby

the mind sees the relationship of two
concepts and pronouncement of agreement or
disagreement between them.

Sentence and Propositions

A proposition is a sentence but a sentence
is not always a proposition. This is because a
proposition essentially has a truth-value,
which means is either truth or false while
other kinds of sentences do not have this
character.
Five Types of Grammatical Sentences
1. Interrogative sentence is a type of
sentence used to express questions.
2. Imperative sentence is used to express a
command, order or request
3. Exclamatory sentence is used to express
intense feelings/emotions.
4. Expletive sentence is used to express
wishes or things that will happen in the
future.
5. Declarative sentence is used to express
relationship of the subject and the predicate
as being affirmed or denied.
Kinds of Prepositions based on how their
truth values are determined
1. Analytic Prepositions the truth-value of
these statements is known through the
application of the “Coherence Theory of
Truth” which states that the statement is
true if there is no inconsistency or
disagreement between the subject and
predicate, and false if there is an
inconsistency or disagreement between
the subject and predicate.
Ex. Triangles have four side
Kinds of Prepositions based on how their
truth values are determined
2. Empirical Proposition – the truth value of
these statement is known through the
application of the “Correspondence Theory
of Truth” which states that the statement is
true if the statement corresponds with the
state of affairs it is referring to, otherwise
false if it does not.
Ex. My dog is barking at my neighbor’s
door.
Kinds of Prepositions based on how their truth
values are determined
3. Evaluative Proposition – the truth value of
these statements are known through application
of the “Pragmatic Criterion of Truth” which states
that the truth or falsity of a statement depends on
the belief of the one asserting it as to whether it
benefit him or not in accepting the statement to be
true or false.
Kinds Of Prepositions Based On Their
Structure
Categorical prepositions these are
assertion about the relationship between two
classes of terms, the subject term and
predicate term.
Ex. All bachelor are unmarried man
Compound prepositions this subject are
assertions about the relationship between two
or more statements thereby involving more
than one subject and predicate.
Kinds Of Prepositions Based On Their
Structure
Compound prepositions this subject are
assertions about the relationship between two
or more statements thereby involving more
than one subject and predicate.
Ex. Conditional Statement
If you pass all the exams, then you pass
the course
Bi-conditional Statement
Ex. You will go to Boracay if and only if
you pass all your subjects.
Kinds Of Prepositions Based On Their
Structure
Compound prepositions this subject are
assertions about the relationship between two
or more statements thereby involving more than
one subject and predicate.
Disjunctive statement
Ex. Either you bring your parents next
meeting or you will be dropped from the class.
Conjunctive statement
Ex. My teacher in Accounting is an
excellent teacher and he is a very good lawyer
too
 Classify the following sentences
1. Are you taking the test?
2. What an awful things to say!
3. Thou shall not steal.
4. Carry your load and follow me.
5. The examination is quite easy
6. I wish I have a million bucks.
7. That’s disgusting!
8. Our professor is six-feet high.
9. Will I get the promotion?
10. I will marry you someday.
11. Please come in.
12. I plan to have a three children
13. How can I help you?
14. This is embarassing!
15. There are black and white marbles in my pocket.
 Classify the following statement as Emperical, Analytic,
or Evaluative and name the theory use to determine
their truth value.
1. Ghost are earth-bound spirits
2. A spinsters in an unmarried old lady
3. Cheating is morally wrong.
4. My professor is 45 year old.
5. Mammals have mammary glands.
6. I have 1000 in my pocket.
7. This water is clean
8. Prayers can heal any sickness.
9. Supernatural beings do exist
10. Clocks tell time