ACCEPTANCE AND HESISTANCY OF COVID-19 VACCINATION AMONG

SENIOR CITIZENS OF THE SELECTED BARANGAYS

OF ODIONGAN, ROMBLON, PHILIPPINES

A Thesis
Submitted to the
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Romblon State University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

In Thesis III

FAITH AN M. DE LA VEGA
APRIL MAE M. MANIPOL
ANA MARIE F. FABULA
EDRIAN F.GADON

DECEMBER 2022
 ii

RECOMMENDATION FOR THESIS ORAL DEFENSE

The thesis proposal entitled “Acceptance and Hesistancy of COVID-19

Vaccination among Senior Citizens of the Selected Barangays In Romblon”
proposed by April Mae M. Manipol, Faith An M. Dela Vega, Edrian F. Gadon
and Ana Marie F. Fabula, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Thesis III
for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Biology is hereby recommended for Thesis
Oral Defense.

APRIL JOY A. FABELLA

Adviser
Date:_____________________

HENLEY F. GALIGA R.Ch. Ph.D

Research Instructor
Date:_____________________
 iii

APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis proposal entitled “Acceptance and Hesistancy of Covid-19

vaccination among Senior Citizens of the Selected Barangays of Odiongan
Romblon Philippines” which has been successfully presented byApril Mae M.
Manipol, Faith An M. Dela Vega, Edrian F. Gadon and Ana Marie F. Fabula for
partial fulfillment of the requirements for Thesis III is hereby approvedand accepted.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the committee on Month Date, Year.

FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME

Member, Defense Panel/Date Member, Defense Panel/Date

FIRST NAME MI. SURNAME

Chair, Defense Panel/Date

Accepted as partial fulfilment for Thesis III

ALWIN F. MAULION
Chair, Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences

MARK G. CALIMBO, Ph.D.

Dean
College of Arts and Sciences
Romblon State University
 iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
TITLE PAGE.....................................................................................................i
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THESIS PROPOSAL DEFENSE...............ii
APPROVAL SHEET.........................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................vi
LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (if applicable).................................................viii
CHAPTERI.INTRODUCTION........................................................................1
Background of the Study..................................................................................1
..............................................................................................................................
Statement of the Problem.................................................................................5
Objectives of the Study....................................................................................6
Significance of the Study.................................................................................7
Scope and Delimitations of the Study......................................................7

CHAPTER II.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES............................8

Coronavirus (COVID-19)....................................................................................8
Vulnerable Target of COVID-19) Virus..............................................................9
Hesitancy and Acceptance of Covid-19 vaccines................................................11
Common Used of COVID-19 Vaccines..............................................................14
Sinovac Vaccine...................................................................................................15
Johnson and Johnson (Jansen).............................................................................15
Pfizer – Biontech..................................................................................................16
Moderna Vaccine.................................................................................................17
AstraZeneca Vaccine...........................................................................................17
Conceptual Framework.....................................................................................20
Definition of Terms...........................................................................................21

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY........................................................................22

Research Design................................................................................................22
..............................................................................................................................
Research Locale and Time of Study...............................................................22
..............................................................................................................................
Research Instrument..........................................................................................23
Data Collection..................................................................................................23
Sampling Method..............................................................................................23
Research Procedure...................................................................................23
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Data Analysis.....................................................................................................24

CHAPTERIV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS..........................................25

Demographic Data.........................................................................................25
Family Relationship and Pandemic Crisis............................................25
Vaccination and Chronic Disease..........................................................28
Vaccination Side Effect..............................................................................30
Contractig COVID-19 during Pandemic.............................................................33
Acceptance and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccine.......................................34
CHAPTER V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
..............................................................................................................................
Summary.......................................................................................................38
Conclusion ...................................................................................................39
Recommendations .......................................................................................40

REFERENCES...................................................................................................41
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLES TITLE PAGE

1RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY...................................................... 25
2WEIGHTD MEAN OF LEVEL OF CONCERN OF
PARTICIPANTS ABOUT THEIR RELATIVES
CONTRACTING COVID-19............................................................... 34
3 CONCERNS OF PARTICIPANTS TO COVID-19
VACCINE............................................................................................. 35
4 LEVEL OF COVID-19 VACCINE ACCEPTANCE
OF SENIOR CITIZEN....................................................................... 36
 vii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES PAGE
1 Conceptual framework.....................................................................16
2 Location Site ....................................................................................18
..............................................................................................................................
3 Closeness of particicpants to the family member............................26
4 Participants family income.................................................................27
5 Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on respondents
source of income................................................................................28
6 COVID-19 vaccine dosage administered on the respondents...........29
7 Vaccines used for immunized senior citizens...................................29
8 Booster shots administered to the respondents..................................30
9 Severity of side effects after vaccinations..........................................31
10 Side effects experienced by immunized senior citizens....................31
11 Health status of the respondents prior to immunization.....................32
12 Percentage of the participants who experienced COVID-19........... 33
13 Difficulties experienced by senior citizens on getting COVID-19
immunization......................................................................................36
14 Respondents awareness of facts on COVID-19 and its vaccines........37
 viii

ABSTRACT

MANIPOL, APRIL MAE M., DE LA VEGA, FAITH AN M., GADON,

EDRIAN F., FABULA, ANA MARIE F., College of Arts and Science, Romblon
State University, Odiongan, Romblon."Acceptance and Hesistancy of Covid-19
vaccination among Senior Citizens of the Selected Barangays in Odiongan,
Romblon Philippines".

In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak of uncertain etiology happened in

Wuhan, China. Until World Health Organization (WHO) announced SARS-CoV-2 or
COVID-19 as the cause of the disease. In March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a
global pandemic. Since then, there had been many reports of the COVID-19 cases.
With the mission to lessen the infections, scientists were able to formulate vaccines
against the virus in less than a year and the elderlies are the priority group to have this
immunity. Vaccines including the COVID-19 vaccine are known to have side effects.
In line with this, we, the researchers are seeking to know the reasons of hesitancy and
acceptance of the senior citizens in regards to the COVID-19 vaccine disseminated in
the selected barangays of Odiongan, Romblon. This study will use survey
questionnaires to gather data. The statistical tools that will be employed to process the
data are frequency, percentage, and weighted mean to describe the hesitancy and
acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among senior citizen. This study will help the
concerned barangay health center to gather data and make a program and policy for
vaccination.

Keywords: Acceptance,COVID-19, hesitancy, senior citizens

 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, the statement of the

problem, the significance of the study, and the scope and limitation of the study.

Background of the Study

In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak with an unknown caused

occurred in Wuhan, China. Until the World Health Organization (WHO) named
SARS-CoV-2 or COVID -19 as the disease's etiology. COVID-19 was declared a
global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.
The COVID-19 pandemic is wreaking havoc on the world’s population.
Anyone infected with coronavirus is at risk of dying and older people are more
vulnerable and are currently facing the greatest challenges and problem . As stated
by the World Health Organization (2020) and Center for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), the elderlies aged 60 to 80 are more vulnerable to COVID – 19
infection and those aged 85 and up are the most likely to become seriously ill. Other
factors, such as the presence of certain underlying medical problems, can also raise
your risk of becoming very ill when taking COVID-19. In fact in the study Spector
(2020) reported that eight (8) out of ten (10) COVID-19 deaths have been from
persons aged 65 or over since our immune system becomes less efficient at fighting
infections as we age, and having numerous chronic disorders can worsen this virus
(WHO, 2020).
With the increasing number of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19, doctors
and scientists all over the world busied themselves in creating a cure and protection.
In not less than a month, vaccines against COVID-19 were formulated with a priority
to immunize the vulnerable senior citizens. The Pfizer vaccine became the first to
receive emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
 2

on December 11,2020 (CDC, 2020). All currently approved or authorized COVID-19

vaccines are safe and effective and reduce your risk of severe illness and CDC does
not recommend one vaccine over another.
According to Moreira (2021), healthcare workers have delivered billions of
COVID-19 vaccine doses since the outbreak began. In Venzon's (2021) research, it
was specified that Dr. Gerardo Legaspi of the Philippine General Hospital received
the country's first coronavirus vaccine shot on March 1, when the government began
its immunization drive. National Capital Region or Manila was the first region in the
Philippines to start COVID-19 vaccinations using Beijing-donated vaccines, boosting
the country's immunization program and diplomatic ties with China.
Madarang (2021) stated in her study that the World Health Organization-
Philippines released infographics that bared how many seniors in the country remain
unvaccinated seven months since the start of COVID-19 vaccine rollout. WHO-
Philippines’ infographics on October 16 showed that 3.4 million senior citizens in the
country have not received their COVID-19 shots, citing data from September 20. It
also showed a picture of the low COVID-19 vaccination rates of the elderly in
different regions in the country.In a separate post on October 13, WHO-Philippines
also showed a similar picture where most regions in the country still struggle to have
their senior citizens fully inoculated, citing data from September 27.
On the other hand, some regions — Region V and BARMM — have only
partially vaccinated with less than 20% of their senior citizens. In addition to low
coverage, more concerning is the focus of some local government units (LGUs) to
predominantly vaccinate the lower-risk A4 group. WHO urges LGUs to reorient their
efforts and resources on aiming for 100% percent coverage among the elderly as early
as possible. Except for the Janssen vaccine, two doses are needed for higher
protection against hospitalization and death from COVID-19.As of April 26, 2016,
there were 24,715 people living in Occidental Mindoro, 52,509 in Oriental Mindoro,
22,618 in Marinduque, 24,120 in Romblon, and 39,058 in Palawan, according to the
DOH 4-B (2022), consolidated masterlist of senior citizens. In MIMAROPA, there
are 176,283 senior persons and 41,842 of them are considered to be poor.
 3

Statement of the Problem

As we get older, our immune systems weaken. As a result, we are more
vulnerable to many illnesses and any type of physical adversity can have a negative
impact on the body. The elderly aged 60 to 80 are more vulnerable to COVID-
19infectionandthoseaged85anduparethemostlikelyto becomeseriouslyill. For this
reason, they were put as the top priority for COVID-19 immunization. However,
studies shows that COVID-19 vaccines cause side effects towards vaccinated person
upon their chosen vaccines and this might affect the decision of a person to accept
such vaccination. This occurrence leads us, researchers, to study about the COVID-19
vaccines hesitancy and acceptance among senior citizen of the selected barangays in
Odiongan, Romblon.

Objectives of the Study

The purpose of the study is to gather data about hesitancy and acceptance
of senior citizens to COVID-19 vaccines, whom are the primary target of SARS-
COV 2.
Specifically, this study aims to:
1. Identify the factors of senior citizens to COVID-19 vaccines that affect their
decisions of hesitating and accepting immunization.
2. Identify the level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance of senior citizens.
3. Distinguish the adverse effects experienced by the vaccinated senior citizens
including booster shots.
 4

Significance of the Study

The study's findings will be used to create a database and documentation

of the acceptance and hesitancy of senior citizen towards COVID-19 vaccines. The
data will be of benefit of the following students. They will gain knowledge about
how each chosen vaccines affects elderlies, instructor. They will have information to
share with their students as well as families on how we can get someone to accept
immunization. Community and families. They will be informed on how seniors
citizens react especially their body towards COVID -19 vaccines, hospital personnel.
They will be realible source of records of senior citizens who are fully vaccinated
whom experienced adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines; government. They will
gain and hold records of the senior citizens of the selected barangays inOdiongan,
Romblon who has experienced common COVID-19 vaccination side effects.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of the study were the selected barangays of Odiongan, Romblon
namely BarangayLiwanag, Barangay Ligaya, Barangay Liwayway, Barangay
Dapawan, Barangay Tabing- Dagat. The study focused on the Acceptance and
Hesitancy on COVID -19 vaccines among senior citizens of the selected barangays.
One hundred senior citizens with the age 60 years and above of the selected
barangays of Odionganwere the respondents of the study and answered the
questionnaire provided by the researchers.
 5

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATEDLITERATURE

This chapter includes the review of related literatures and studies which the
researchers have perused to shed light under this topic of the study. The literature and
studies adduced in this chapter addresses the different ideas, concepts, generalization
and conclusions related to the study. Moreover, the information included in this
chapter, helps researchers in study the Covid-19 vaccines: acceptance and hesitancy.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID -19)
According to Mohan and Nambia, (2020) the global public health catastrophe
known as COVID-19, which originally surfaced in Wuhan, China, in early December
2019, has quickly spread throughout the globe with confirmed cases in almost all
country. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was discovered as the
etiological agent (SARS-CoV-2). Infected fluids, including as respiratory secretions,
saliva, or respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or
talks, are the main means of human transmission and can be spread through direct,
indirect, or close contact with infected persons.The World Health Organization
designated this newly developing coronavirus disease as a pandemic on March 11,
2020, and gave it the name COVID-19. The virus has a two- to four-day incubation
period and is highly infectious.  Human respiratory epithelial cells become infected
by the virus by binding to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors.
Many infected people either show no signs at all or start to exhibit symptoms.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease, is brought on by the
SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most virus-infected people will only experience mild to
moderate respiratory symptoms, and they will recover without the requirement for
medical care. On the other hand, some people will have severe illness and need
medical attention. Elderly people and people with underlying medical conditions
including cancer, diabetes, chronic lung disease, or cardiovascular disease are more
likely to experience serious illness. COVID-19 can cause anyone to become very ill
or pass away at any age.
 6

National Capital Region – 85.1% Region 4A or Calabarzon – 60.6% CAR –

60.0% Region 2 or Cagayan Valley – 59.7% and Region 10 or Northern Mindanao –
54.1%. As of October 21, according to the National Task Force (NTF) against
COVID-19 tracker, there are 4,588,635 individuals from the A2 group or the senior
citizens who have received their complete jabs. NTF’s vaccination dashboard,
however, does not indicate the percentage of the population of the elderly who are
among the most vulnerable to serious effects of the deadly coronavirus. Overall, the
tracker showed that a total of 54,444,161 doses had already been administered. In its
own statistics, a total of 53,838,248 doses have already been distributed. Furthermore,
only 2.1 million of the 8.5 million master-listed senior citizens (around 25%) in the
Philippines have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Some cities and regions
have been more successful at protecting older people than others. In the National
Capital Region, Pasig City and Las Piñas City have already partially vaccinated 100%
of their senior citizens by mid-July 2021.
On different individuals, COVID-19 exhibits a variety of effects. Most
infected individuals will only exhibit mild to moderate symptoms and will be able to
recover without the requirement for hospitalization. The most typical symptoms
include fever, coughing, fatigue, and a loss of smell or taste. Serious symptoms
include chest pain, difficulty breathing, loss of speech or mobility, headache, aches
and pains, diarrhea, a rash on the skin, or discoloration of the fingers or toes. Less
often occurring symptoms include sore throat, aches, and diarrhea.
The difference between the "Resbakuna" and the "PinasLakas," according to
Dr. Mathew Medrano of DOH-CHD MIMAROPA, is that the latter will provide
vaccinations closer to people and accelerate the vaccination program to those who are
hesitant. The main objective of this program is to vaccinate 95,148 people, or 90% of
Priority Group A2 (Senior Citizens), with the second dose of the primary COVID-19
vaccine, and 1,952,093 people, or 50% of those aged 12 and under, with their first
booster dose. According to data supplied by Medrano, 4,176 senior citizens are
expected to receive the vaccine in the MIMAROPA zone. The program seeks to
immunize 272 senior adults from the province of Marinduque, 493 from the
 7

provinces of Occidental and Oriental Mindoro, 835 from Romblon, 2,338 from
Palawan, and 130 from Puerto Princesa City (Sapit, 2022).
Odiongan local government unit in Romblon aims to immunize every senior
citizen in the community to guard against the harmful effects of COVID-19. Trina
Firmalo-Fabic, the mayor of Odiongan, said in an interview with PIA Romblon that
66% of the town's senior citizens had so far shown a desire to receive immunizations.
Odiongan has roughly 6,000 senior folks out of its overall population, according to
Mayor Fabic. "Target talaganaminnamabakunahansilalahat," he said. We actually
planned to vaccinate them all.) Sangayonnasa 4,000
palangyungnagpaparehistroperoinaasahan naming madagdaganitodahilmakikitanilana
'yungmgakasamanilang Senior Citizens ay nabakunahanna. Only 4,000 people have
signed up so far, but we're hoping that number will rise once they learn that their
fellow senior citizens have already received vaccinations)," she said. The mayor also
added that the LGU and its Rural Health Unit are still working to promote the
vaccines and that 200 senior citizens will receive their first dosage of the Astrazenica
vaccine ( PIA-MIMAROPA, 2021).

Vulnerable Target of COVID-19 Virus

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the cause of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19),
according to the World Health Organization (2021). Elderly people and people with
underlying medical illnesses including cancer, diabetes, chronic lung disease, or
cardiovascular disease are more prone to experience serious illness. Anyone who
acquires COVID-19 could become seriously ill or perhaps pass away at any age.
World Health Organization, (2020) senior individuals are currently facing the
most risks and issue.Despite the fact that COVID-19 can infect persons of all ages,
older individuals are more likely to develop severe illness because of physiological
changes brought on by aging and other associated medical conditions.
Those who are aged, as well as persons of any age, who have other serious
medical illnesses including heart or lung disease, weakened immune systems, obesity,
or diabetes, have a higher likelihood of dying, according to a Centers for Illness
 8

Control and Prevention (CDC) study done in the year 2021.This resembles how other
respiratory infections, including the influenza, show.Much while each of these
conditions has the potential to raise the risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms, people
who also have multiple of these other health problems are at an even greater
risk.Furthermore,the risk of experiencing severe symptoms rises with age, with
people over 85 having the highest risk of developing catastrophic symptoms. Adults
aged 65 and over account for more than 80% of illness mortality in the United States.
The dangers are much higher in persons who are older and have other health issues.
Elderly people are more likely to have Alzheimer's disease, which makes it harder for
them to recall the precautions they should take to avoid infection.
As we get older, our immune systems weaken. As a result, we are more
vulnerable to many illnesses. And any type of physical adversity can have a negative
impact on the body. It is more likely that a cytokine storm may developing elderly
persons as their immune systems strengthen. An infection can cause the immune
system to overreact by producing an excessive number of defense mechanisms. You
are experiencing a significant inflammatory response, which has the potential to cause
serious health concerns such as organ failure (Hassan V, 2020).

Acceptance and Hesitancy of COVID 19 Vaccines

According to World Health Organization (2020) One of the top ten threats to
world health in 2019 is vaccination hesitancy, according to the World Health
Organization. According to the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on
Immunization, it is the "delay in refusal or acceptance of vaccination despite
availability of vaccination services" and entails an intricate interaction of time, place,
context, and vaccine-specific circumstances. We intend to conduct a scoping
assessment to assess Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy and its causes among high-
income nations or regions in light of the significance of this issue.
According to El-Elimat T. (2021)  Additionally, out of the 3180 entries received for
the study, 3100 were finished and used in the final analysis. More than half of the
participants (67.4%) were female, with a median age of 29. 49.8% of those surveyed
said they were married and 46.1% said they had children. 70% of those interviewed
 9

held a bachelor's degree, and more than half (53.8%) had studied in the medical field.
In addition, just 13.4% of participants had chronic illnesses, and 46.4% were
employed. The flu shot was administered to less than 10% of the participants this
year. A positive COVID-19 test was reported by almost 10% of the
responders.However, approximately a third of the individuals (37.1%) claimed that
they might have been COVID-19 infected but did not provide any laboratory testing
results to support this claim. In the current study, 37.4% of the population were in
favor of receiving COVID-19 vaccines, 36.3% were opposed, and 26.3% were
neutral. Findings from multivariate analysis allowed for the identification of the
independent variables that predicted the quantity of acceptance. According to the
findings, older age groups (>35 years old) were less certain than younger age groups
to accept COVID-19 immunizations. Additionally, participants who were employed
had a lower likelihood of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine than participants who
were not employed. Participants who thought the COVID-19 pandemic was a
conspiracy and those who did not believe any information were also less likely to be
in favor of the vaccine.
Vaccine acceptance, which is a factor in vaccine uptake and, thus, the success
of vaccine dissemination, is defined as "the level to which individuals embrace,
doubt, or reject immunization. Sirikalyanpaiboon et al. (2021) According to World
Health organization in 2019, global public health is seriously threatened by the
ongoing discussions about the efficiency and safety of vaccines in general.
Acceptance rates for the COVID-19 vaccine have varied from 23.6 to 97 percent,
with surveys among healthcare workers reporting rates between 27.7 and 78.1
percent. Regular influenza vaccination and vaccine availability were revealed to be
the most important factors of vaccine acceptability in those trials. Studies show that
vaccine fear is caused by worries about safety, particularly potential long-term side
effects. It has been shown that factors like age, sex, marital status, and education level
affect people's willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Several Asian countries
are currently experiencing vaccination distribution issues as the COVID-19 epidemic
spreads. Due to great demand, By March 2021, a variety of vaccines were made
available in a limited supply. Out of the four vaccines listed in the WHO Emergency
 10

Use Listing (EUL), including ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Ad26.COV2.S, BNT162b2 and

mRNA-1273, the Thai vaccination agency selected AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccines for
the elderly and CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine from a Chinese manufacturer with
limited data, for younger adults.
According to El-Elimat et.al. (2021), the COVID-19 pandemic is brought on by
the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe acute respiratory illness. Late in
2019, SARS-CoV-2 initially surfaced in Wuhan (Hubei, China), from where it soon
spread to 220 countries. As of December 22, COVID-19 had resulted in more than
76.2 million hospitalizations and 1.6 million fatalities worldwide. Because of the
epidemic's serious worldwide effects, pandemic mitigation plans had to be put in
place.To lessen the spread of the disease, the majority of nations adopted non-
pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as imposing mask rules, hand sanitization,
social seclusion, travel limitations, school closings, and partial or total lockdowns.
Examples of such efficient, secure, and cost-effective medical technologies include
antiviral medications and vaccines. No antiviral medications created specifically for
SARS-CoV-2 have been approved as of December 2020.Remdesivir has received an
Emergency Use Authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for
COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized and in a serious condition.Furthermore,
compared to unemployed participants,people who had employment were less inclined
to undergo COVID-19 vaccinations. Participants who didn't trust any information and
believed the claimed pandemic was a hoax were similarly less inclined to accept the
vaccine.While males were more likely than females to accept the COVID-19
immunization, females were less inclined to do so. Additionally, those who had the
influenza vaccine this year had a higher acceptance rate for COVID-19 doses than
those who did not.Additionally, individuals who believed that vaccines are typically
safe had a 9-fold higher likelihood of receiving COVID-19 doses than those who
believed that vaccines are not secure.  Additionally, participants who indicated a
willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccinations were 19 times more likely to receive
them than those who did not.According to the current study, Jordanians' top concerns
during the COVID-19 outbreak were fears of their family members being sick
(73.1%), followed by worries about their own mortality (30.0%), and then fears of
 11

getting sick themselves (27.3%).Financial concerns and being forced to take

medication were the two most common concerns. Our findings matched those of
Mertens et al, who demonstrated that family members' perceived dangers and health
distress were connected to increased concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. The
reports showing elderly persons with chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes,
chronic lung disease, and impaired immune systems as a high-risk category to being
infected with COVID-19 could explain the high level of concern.
According to Seng (2021), concern over the COVID-19 immunization remains a
serious problem in high-income nations and regions. People who were younger,
female, non-White, and less educated or wealthy were more likely to express vaccine
concern. Additionally, it appears that trust at different system levels influences
vaccine apprehension. Commonly investigated factors linked to vaccine hesitancy
include a history of not receiving an influenza vaccination, a lower self-perceived risk
of contracting COVID-19, a lower fear of medical outcomes or COVID-19, a lack of
belief in the disease's seriousness, worries about the rapid development of COVID-19
vaccines, and doubts about the vaccines' safety and efficacy.These factors influencing
vaccine resistance must be taken into account by healthcare personnel when creating
COVID-19 vaccination policies and public healthcare campaigns.

Common Use of COVID-19 Vaccines

Locally, COVID-19 immunizations are available in a variety of formats. Among
the companies are AstraZeneca, Sinovac Biotech, Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech,
Sputnik V, and Johnson& Johnson. These vaccines are divided into different
categories based on how the vital vaccine components are introduced into our bodies.
The three types of vaccines are inactivated virus vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and
mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) vaccines (Health Desk, 2021).Based on a study
done by Health Desk, they addressed the various forms of vaccines (2021). Vaccines
are available in the following dosages.

Sinovac Vaccine
 12

Chew (2021) Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine are also called CoronaVac, is a

COVID-19 vaccine manufactured by Sinovac, a Beijing-based pharmaceutical
company. After the Sinopharm COVID-19 BBIBP-CorV vaccine, it is the second
China-made vaccine to be licensed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use
against COVID-19. Injection site pain and soreness were the adverse effects that
patients who had received the Sinovac vaccine frequently reported. Fatigue, diarrhea,
and muscle weakness were among the other reported side effects. The majority of
these effects were minor and only lasted two days. Furthermore, clinical trial data for
the vaccine revealed that when compared to mRNA vaccines like the Pfizer-BioNtech
and Moderna vaccine, trial participants who received the Sinovac vaccine had a lower
occurrence of fever.

Johnson and Johnson (Jansen) Vaccine

Jeong, (2021) one dosage of the Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) vaccine
protects against COVID-19. Possible adverse effects as well as the controversy
surrounding recent blood clotting episodes are looked by this Snapshot. The company
said on April 20 that it would resume the supply of the vaccine in the European
Union, although with a safety warning, following the EMA's determination that the
benefits of the vaccine continue to exceed its risks.The FDA and the CDC have
recommended to Trusted Source that immunizations resume after a brief pause in the
United States. On the other hand, women aged under 50 should be aware of the
possibility of unusual blood clots, according to the researchers. Furthermore, both
organizations recommend women to be aware of the COVID-19 vaccine alternatives
that are available, for which there have been no complaints of unusual blood clots.
The vaccination is secure and effective against the potential dangers of COVID-19,
while the World Health Organization (WHO) is still keeping an eye on regulatory
bodies' safety reactions.
Pfizer - Biontech Vaccine
Jeong, (2021)The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine may cause temporary mild-to-
moderate adverse effects, which are fairly common following immunization, or no
 13

adverse reactions at all. Concerns about allergic responses and erroneous statements
about hazards to pregnancy and fertility are addressed in this Snapshot segment. The
two-dose mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, also referred to as Comirnaty in the EU,
was developed by pharmaceutical companies, namely Pfizer (US) and BioNTech
(Germany). In December 2020, the vaccine received authorization from both the
World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Trusted Source for emergency use in people aged 16 and older, making it the first
COVID-19 vaccine to do so. The immunization is now permitted in 90 nations.

Moderna Vaccine
The Moderna vaccination can be used in people aged 12 and up to reduce the
risk of contracting COVID-19. This vaccination strengthens a person's defenses
against coronavirus infection by injecting genetic information for a part of the virus
into the body in the form of messenger RNA. This causes your body to produce viral
fragments, which drives the production of antibodies in your own body (cells
designed to attack that particular virus). These antibodies are still present in your
body and are ready to battle any future SARS-CoV-2 infections.
AstraZeneca Vaccine
The virus-vector vaccines formulated by AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson
use a non-lethal virus as vector to deliver instructions to human cells that improve
immunity. Before it gets into the hands of people, an adenovirus that delivers
instructions is eradicated in the laboratory. The lifeless adenovirus is eliminated once
inside the body, leaving only the vital vaccine components to engage with our
systems and aid in inducing an immune response.
Nearly 80% of those with symptomatic COVID-19 have mild to moderate
symptoms, which can include non-severe pneumonia, but no hypoxia (low blood
oxygen levels). According to surveillance studies, 15% of people with symptomatic
COVID-19 have a serious illness, such as severe pneumonia, and 5% have a critical
illness with potentially fatal implications. Three vaccinations have received
regulatory approval and are now in use in the United Kingdom. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-
19 (AZD1222) vaccine was created by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca, the
 14

BNT162b2 vaccine by Pfizer and BioNTech, and the mRNA-1273 vaccine by

Moderna. Emergency permission for these vaccinations has been granted by the
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).Once within the
body, the spike protein is produced, causing the immune system to identify it and start
an attack. This implies that if the body is later exposed to the spike protein of
the virus, the immune system will recognize it and get rid of it before a sickness
manifests. The Jenner Institute spent the past ten years developing and optimizing the
ChAdOx1 technology that is used in this Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The Middle
East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the influenza virus have both been tested
using this vaccine approach. Numerous illnesses, including the flu and the
coronavirus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), have been
evaluated with this immunization technique.
In an inactivated immunization, the COVID-19 virus is inactivated (and hence
harmless). When we are exposed to a virus, our bodies develop the ability to detect
and combat it. Since the COVID-19 virus has been successfully changed in the lab, it
is no longer active and cannot spread disease. This kind of vaccination is used to stop
the spread of diseases like rabies, polio, hepatitis A, influenza, and the flu.
In clinical studies for the Pfizer,J&J, and Moderna vaccines, older adults most
frequently had soreness at the injection site, fatigue, headaches, and muscle
discomfort, the most of which were moderate to severe (2021). These are the primary
symptoms, per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) v-safe
surveillance system reported by adults 65 and older who received the Moderna and
Pfizer vaccinations between December 14, 2020, and February 28.Following their
immunizations, older persons have complained of joint pain, fever, nausea, and chills.
Dizziness was one of the most commonly reported symptoms across all age
categories, according to CDC data collected during the first month of immunizations
in the United States.The second shot is a little stronger. In comparison to the first
dose, older people suffered more frequent and severe side effects with the Pfizer and
Moderna vaccinations following the second dose. Furthermore, because your
"immune system has been somewhat primed," Schaffner says, if you've already had
 15

COVID-19, "the assumption at the time" is that the vaccines will have higher side
effects (Nania, 2021).

Conceptual Framework

Fully vaccinated senior citizens were the respondents of the study entitled
COVID-19 Vaccines: Acceptance and Hesitancy among Senior citizens of the
selected barangays of Odiongan, Romblon. Survey Questionnaire is used upon
collecting datas. The data shows the factors about hesitancy and acceptance of
COVID-19 vaccines, as well as the adverse effects of the vaccines experienced by
the respondents and most used vaccines among senior citizens.
 16

Figure 1.Conceptual Framework of the Study

Definition of Terms

Boostershot – refers to an additional dose of a vaccination given after the first (or

primary) dosage.

Covid-19/ corona Virus Disease - a group of viruses that can cause disease from the
common cold to more serious infections like those brought on by the Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the Severe acute
respiratory syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV).

Decision-making function - this is the process by which decisions are made by the
senior citizens which directly affect the subordinate pertaining to will way accept the
covid-19 vaccines or refuse.

Immunization - refer to a human more resistant boosting other hand type-specific

used to offer strengthening creating substance.

Vaccination - refer to the administration of a vaccine with the goal of developing

immunity.

Vaccine- refers toa substance that contains live, attenuated, or deceased microorganisms,
or microorganism components that can induce immunity to infection.
Vaccine Acceptance – refers to the COVID-19 vaccines accepted by the individuals to
be vaccinated during the vaccination service.

Vaccine Hesitancy –refers to a pause in accepting or refusing vaccinations, despite the

availability of vaccination service.
 17

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The method used in the study is descriptive method of research purposely to
identify the COVID-19 vaccines about acceptance and hesitancy among senior citizen
of the selected barangays of Odiongan, Romblon.
Research Locale and Time of the Study
The study was conducted on the selected Barangays of Odiongan, Romblon
Province which are Barangay Liwayway, Liwanag, Ligaya, Tabing - Dagat and
Dapawan from June to July, 2022.
 18

QFigure 2. Location Site

Research Instruments

In gathering data, the researchers used adopted survey questionnaires. A

Questionnaire on COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy and Survey of Side Effects and
Opinions Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Jordan.
Data Collection
Research Procedure
Preparation of Questionnaire

The adopted questionnaire undergo a critique by an English teacher followed by

the statistician.

Coordination with Barangay Officials

The group coordinated to the barangay officials of the selected barangays of
Odiongan. Researchers secured an authorization letter that was given to every
barangay as the target location of the study as permission to conduct a survey.

Sampling Procedure
The sampling used in the study is purposive sampling which researchers chose
whom to be their elderly people respondents in order to fulfill the target population in
each selected barangays. The population size of the study was 100 and the eligible
respondents were elderlies which aged 60 year old and above. There were 20
respondents in five (5) selected barangays in Odiongan, Romblon: Barangay
Liwanag, Barangay Liwayway, Barangay Ligaya, Barangay Dapawan,
BarangayTabing – Dagat.
Conduct of Survey
The preparation of conducting a survey includes the number of the
respondents in each barangays and the questionnaire to be given to the respondents.
 19

Barangay health workers are the provided assistance given by the barangays to the
researchers on conducting a house-to-house survey.

Data Analysis
This includes the frequency, percentage and weighted mean of the formulated
data of acceptance and hesitancy of senior citizen to COVID-19 vaccines as
immunization.
 20

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Demographic Data
There are a total of 100 Senior Citizens (56 males and 44 females) included in
this study whom are from the five selected barangays in Odiongan. There were 56%
participants who aged 60-69, 35% of 70-79, 7% of 80-89 and 2% of 90-99. In
addition, 56% were male and 44% were female.
MALE n= 56 (56 %) FEMALE n=44 (44 %)
Liwanag 11 (55 %) 9 (45 %)
Ligaya 13 (65 %) 7 ( 35 %)
Dapawan 15 (75 %) 5 (25 %)
Liwayway 7 (35 %) 13 (65%)
Tabing-Dagat 10 (50 %) 10 (50%)
Table1.Distribution of the study.
4.2 Family Relationship and Pandemic Crisis
Family ties are strong and important for overall well-being throughout life.As
people get older, their need for caregiving may grow, family bonds may become even
more important to their wellbeing, and the significance of social connections in other
sectors of their lives, such as the workplace, may decline. With the interviewed
Senior Citizens in selected barangays of Odiongan as shown in Figure 1, 87% have
well relationships and living together with their families, 11% are close with their
families but are living separately, and 2% aren’t close to any of the family members.

No

Yes,not living together

Yes,Living together

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
 21

Figure 1. Closeness of Participants to the Family Member.

In the research of Statistical Research Department (2022), the average family
income in the Philippines as of the first half of 2021 was 149.98 thousand Philippine
pesos, indicating a small increase from the average in 2018. In 2015, they saw an
increase in family income for Filipinos, reaching 267 thousand Philippine Pesos.The
majority of Filipinos (58.4%) are from the lowest socioeconomic strata, according to
the most recent Family Income and Expenditure Survey performed by the Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA), while the middle class makes up about 40% of the
population. Only 1.4% of people are wealthy.
In the data gathered by the researchers in the study, it showed that more than
half of the participants (56%)has lower than the average income, 43 (43%) has an
average and only 1 (1%) participant has a high average income (Figure 2).

0
High Average
1%
Average 43%
Lower Average 56%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Figure 2.Participants Family Income.

The COVID-19 pandemic epidemic raised levels of anxiety, panic, and
despair in both young people and adults. Moreover, it has a significant negative
impact on household finances almost everywhere in the world. In a survey done by
Manulife on January 2022, more than half of respondents surveyed (55%) reported
that COVID-19 had lowered their monthly income, and nearly one in five (17%) said
 22

that they had lost their jobs as a result of the pandemic. In our data collected, it shows
that 60 (60%) out of 100 participants lost their jobs due to social restriction measures,
8 (8%) had salary reduction due to quarantine. On the other hand, 32 (32%) of the
respondents still had a stable income despite of the pandemic (Figure 3).
According to the study of Celik, et.al. (2020),during the COVID-19 pandemic
outbreak, there was a large difference between family incomes and expenditures.
Despite significant rises in the costs of cleaning, communication, water, electricity,
and gas, there were notable drops in the costs of culture and transportation. The
findings of their analysis demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant
effect on the earnings and expenses of families from different countries. Long-term
lockdowns can have a number of predicted and unforeseen negative effects, such as
lowering people's health and economic conditions.

No 32%

Quarantine 8%

Restriction measure 60%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Figure 3. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on Respondents’ Source of Income

4.3 Vaccination and Chronic Diseases

Stated in the study by Mallari, Jr. (2020), Romblon Governor Jose “Otik”Riano
encouraged the residents of Romblon to get vaccinated as it is given free by the
Department of Health (DOH).Getting vaccinated against COVID-19 is a safer and
more dependable strategy to increase immunity than becoming ill with COVID-19.
By triggering an immune response without the potentially serious disease or post-
COVID problems that can be linked to COVID-19 infection, COVID-19
immunization aids in protecting patients. The COVID 19 vaccination, according to
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022), is effective at preventing
 23

people from becoming seriously ill, needing hospitalization, and passing away. The
safest method for preventing hospital stays, negative long-term health effects, and
mortality is still vaccination.

On the data gathered in Barangays Liwanag, Ligaya, Liwayway, Dapawan

and Tabing- Dagat, 25% of the participants are immunized with first dose of
vaccination and 75% of second dose.

Second
dose of
Second dose of vaccination First dose vacci-
of vacci- nation;
First dose of vaccination nation; Series
Series 1; 1; 75%
0% 10% 20% 30%25%40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Figure 4.COVID-19 vaccine dosage administered on the respondents

The available COVID-19 vaccines in the Philippines as stated in Health Desk

(2021), are AstraZeneca, Sinovac Biotech, Moderna,Pfizer-BioNTech, Sputnik V,
and Johnson & Johnson. Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2021) says that
adult aged 65 and older who have fully vaccinated with Pfizer or Moderna vaccine is
94% less likely to be hospitalized with disease than seniors who were not vaccinated
according to Center of Disease control and Prevention (2021).

As shown in figure 5, 35% of the participants were vaccinated

withAstrazeneca for protection against C0VID-19 virus followed by Johnson and
Johnson (25%), Sinovac (20%), Pfizer(15%) and Moderna (5%) (Figure 5).
 24

As-
Astrazeneca trazeneca;
Column1;
J&J; Col- 35
J&J
umn1; 25
Sinovac;
Sinovac Column1;
Pfizer; 20
Pfizer Column1;
Moderna ; 15
Moderna Column1;
5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Figure 5. Frequency of Vaccines Brand used for Immunized Senior Citizens

Furthermore, 46 out of 100 participants whowere vaccinated decided to be

administered with first and second booster shots for further protection against
COVID-19. Conversely, 54 participants did not take booster shots because of health
issues and hesitancy. Participants who have taken booster shots were vaccinated with
Astrazeneca (8%), Pfizer (66%), Sinovac (4%), Johnson and Johnson (6%) and
Moderna (16%) (Figure 5).

Booster shots are given to the body to remind the immune system of the infection
it must fight. This strengthens or boosts the immune system as specified by Center of
Disease Control and Prevention (2022).

Mod-
Moderna erna;
J&J; Series 1;
J&J Series 16%
Sinovac;
1; 6%
Sinovac Series 1;
4% Pfizer;
Pfizer As- Series 1;
Astrazeneca trazeneca 66%
; Series 1;
0% 10% 8% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Figure 6. Booster shots administered to the respondents.

4.4Vaccination Side Effect
Vaccines are made to provide immunity without the risks associated with
acquiring the disease. When obtaining immunizations, minor to moderate side effects

Moderate

Mild

No Symptoms

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

 25

are typical according to World Health Organization (2021). In the gathered data, out
of 100 participants, 71 (71%) shows no signs of side effects after taking vaccines of
COVID-19 and none of the participants got severe side effects after vaccination. On
the contrary,there were 27% who experienced mild side effects of vaccines and only
2% experience moderate symptoms.

Figure 7. Severity of Side Effects after vaccinations

Particular side effects experienced by the respondents were also assessed. The
most common side effects as shown in Figure 7 were fever with 16 responses,
sleepiness (5), headache (4), fatigue and swollen injection area 3, and joint
pain/bruises/dizzy/chest pain/dry throat/cough (1). Participants who had received
vaccinations saw fewer othernegativeeffects.

Fever;
Fever Column1;
Sleepiness; 16
Sleepiness
Column1; 5
Headache;
Headache Swollen In- 4
Column1;
Swollen Injection Area jection Area;
Fatigue; 3
Column1;
Fatigue
Column1; 3
Joint Pain;
Joint Pain
Column1;
Bruises; 1
Bruises Dizzy; 1
Column1;
Dizzy Column1;
Chest
1 pain;
Chest pain
Column1; 1
Dry Throat;
Dry Throat
Column1;
Cough; 1
Cough
Column1; 1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Figure 8. Side effects experienced by Immunized Senior Citizens.

According to Hatmal, et.,al (2020), because of their health issues, many are
apparently concerned of the COVID-19 vaccine's adverse effects. Furthermore, base
from the study conducted by Choi and Cheong (2021), comorbidities are widely
recognized as greater risk groups for COVID-19 in humans. In their study, the
clinical research results towards the trials of vaccination shows common
comorbidities: hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic lung disease. Four (4)
deaths in the control group and six (6) deaths after two immunizations were reported.
 26

One of the patients who passed away in the immunization group had atherosclerosis
and obesity.
In our gathered data as shown in figure 8, 36 (32.43%) of the participants are
suffering from hypertension, 18(16.22%) has diabetes, and 6 (5.41%) suffered from
certain cardiovascular diseases. The remaining 33 (29. 73%) participants have no

Hyper-
tension;
Hypertension Column1;
No dis-
ease; 36
No disease Column1;
Other
disease; 33
Other disease Column1;
Diabetes
18
Mellitus;
Diabetes Mellitus Cardio- Column1;
Cardiovascular
vascular 18
Disease;
Disease Column1;
0 5 6
10 15 20 25 30 35 40

health issues.

Figure 9.Reported Health Status of the respondents prior to immunization

Older people are of great risk of contracting COVID-19 virus. In the
Philippines,eight (8) out of ten (10) COVID-19 deaths have been from the persons
aged 65 or over (Spector, 2020) since our immune system become less efficient at
fighting infections as we age, and having numerous chronic disorders can worsen this
virus (WHO, 2020).
In the gathered data, out of 100 participants, 6 (6%) of them contracted the
virus and experienced mild symptoms and 94 (94%) of the participants did not have
COVID-19 infection.

No Symptoms 94

Mild 6

Moderate0

Severe0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Figure 10.Percentage of the Participants who experience COVID-19.

 27

4.5ContractingCOVID-19 during Pandemic

The World Health Organization projects that the COVID-19 virus is still
spreading to a large number of people worldwide in 2022. 637 million cases and 6.6
million fatalities had been reported globally as of November 2022.Meanwhile in the
Philippines, there were 801 new cases and 12 recorded deaths as of the end of
November 2022. Due to the reported new cases of COVID-19, many including the
participant are still concerned and worried about their relatives who are working
outside home and those who are going outside that they may be infected by the virus.
Due to reported new cases of COVID-19, the overall weighted mean of the
participants were very concerned about their relatives, working hours outside home
and going outside.

Table 2.Weighted mean of level of concern of participants about their relatives

contracting COVID-19.
4.6Acceptance and Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccine
According to the study of Hassan, et.al. (2021),Vaccine acceptance was found to
be significantly influenced by the pandemic state of the country (case counts and
mortality per million population) and belief in the government in a global survey of
19 countries. This led to a 71.5% acceptance rate. According to a study conducted in
the UK, vaccine refusal can occur for a variety of reasons, including: concerns about
vaccine efficacy and safety, low risk involved of COVID-19, COVID-19 infection,
 28

lack of transparency regarding vaccine development, efficacy, and safeness, and

absence of trust in vaccination, science, or healthcare professionals.A study
conducted in Bangladesh revealed that societal norms, the perceived safety of the
COVID-19 vaccination, efficacy and danger, and severity of contracting COVID-19,
and confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine itself all had an impact on vaccine
acceptability.
Table 3 shows the respondents’ concerns about accepting and hesitating the
COVID-19 vaccine. On a positive note, the majority has never refused a vaccine that
is recommended by a healthcare worker(83%). Therefore, the majority were willing
to be immunized with COVID-19 vaccine shots. However, some of the participants
refused the COVID-19 vaccine at first due to a lack of information (16.07%). Others
also think that the vaccine wasn’t effective and not safe(3.57%) and somewhere
concerned about the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines(4.46%). Other concerns
are less common to the participants.

Table 3.Concerns of Participants to COVID-19 Vaccine.

I never refused a vaccine recommended by a healthcare worker. 93(83%)

Did not think it was needed.
Did not have enough information on the vaccine. 6(16.07%)
Did not think the vaccine was effective. 4(3.57%)
Did not think the vaccine was safe. 4(3.57%)
I was concerned about side effects. 5(4.46%)
I had a bad experience with a previous vaccination.
Did not know where to get vaccination
Other Reasons

On the article entitled “Odiongan LGU begins Preparations for COVID-19

Vaccine Purchase, Roll Out (2021)”, Odiongan Mayor Trina Firmalo-Fabic stated
that the local government will prepare for the purchase and roll out of coronavirus
 29

vaccines in Odiongan. As shown in table 4, majority of the respondents (76%)

showed confidence on COVID-19 vaccine shots distributed in the Philippines and
were willing to be administered by one of these vaccines. There were still Senior
Citizens that were hesitant at first however decided to get the vaccine shot at the end.

N (%)
Very Likely 76(76%)
Somewhat Likely 23(23%)
Not Sure 1(1%)
Somewhat Unlikely 0.00%
Very Unlikely 0.00%
Might Reconsider 0.00%
Table 4.Level of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance of Senior Citizens.

As the Philippines aims for herd immunity, it is inevitable that some people

would experience difficulties in getting COVID-19 immunization. The common

difficulties the respondents experienced during COVID-19 vaccination were physical

limitations (40.18%), the distance of the vaccination site (10.71%), and the

inconvenient hours of operation (10.71%).

None

The hours of operation are incovenient

Its too far away

I can't go on my own

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
 30

Figure 11.Difficulties experienced by Senior Citizens on getting COVID-19

immunization

Shown in Figure 12 is the awareness of the Senior Citizens on COVID-19 and

its vaccine. Though several more Filipinos are worried about the vaccine's safety and

effectiveness, the majority of respondents are convinced that everyone should get

vaccinated in order for us to stop the pandemic. Ninety-three (34.70%) out of one

hundred participants were aware that they won’t get infected by the COVID-19 virus

through its vaccine. In addition, 94 (35.07%) and 81(30.20%) of the participants

believe that the COVID-19 vaccinations prevent the virus from spreading and give

them protection against the disease, respectively.

The vaccine
works in pro-
The vaccine works in protecting me from COVID-19. tecting me
The vaccine
works in COVID-
from
19.; Column1;
stopping the
transmission93
The vaccine works in stopping the transmission of COVID-19 from
one person to another. of COVID-19
fromHealth
one agen-
cies to
person and WHO
Health agencies and WHO recommend the vaccine and agree it is
recommend
another.;
safe. Column1;the 81
vaccine
and agree it is
safe.; Col-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 umn1; 94

Figure 12.Respondents’ Awareness of Facts on COVID-19 and its vaccines.

 31

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY

The  COVID-19  epidemic is wreaking havoc on the population around the world
and was labeled a  global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March
2020. The most at risk age of getting infected and dying from corona virus infection
during this pandemic are senior citizens. Doctors and scientist develop COVID-19
vaccines to protect every person around the world mostly aged people. Despite
having the vaccines, there were few of the population are hesitant to get vaccinated.
As it is to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection and protect elderlies, this study
was conducted on September 2022 to determine the factors that affects the decision of
hesitating and taking COVID-19 vaccines and adverse effects experienced by the
vaccinated senior citizens including booster shots. Adopted questionnaire is used to
collect datas from the participants. In analysing the data gathered, frequency,
percentage and weighted mean were used. The data were collected from the senior
citizen 60 year old and above in barangay Liwanag, Liwayway,Ligaya, Dapawan and
Tabing-Dagat.

Based on the data gathered and analysis of the result, the researchers came up with
the findings:

1. Researchers identified the greatest factors of hesitancy that out of 100 participants,
16.07% due lack of information about COVID-19 vaccines, 3.57% participants
thought that the vaccine wasn’t effective and  not safe and 4.46% among the
 32

participants were concerned about the vaccines’ adverse effects. However, 83% of
the participants accepted COVID-19 vaccines and 76% were willing to get
vaccinated.

2. The majority of the respondents (76%), who indicated that they were willing to get
one of the COVID-19 vaccines shots delivered in the Philippines, expressed
confidence in the doses. Despite the high rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance,
23% of the respondents were hesitant but chose to get shot at the end.

 3. The majority of COVID-19 vaccination side effects experienced by the

participants were 43.245 of the participants got fever, 13.51% responded on
sleepiness, 10.81% experienced headache, while 8.11% experienced fatigue and
swollen injection. Joint pain, bruises, dizzy, chest pain, dry throat and cough
2.70% are least common adverse effects experienced by the participant.
Researchers determined that the adverse effects experienced by the participants is
mild symptoms of COVID-19 vaccines.

CONCLUSION

  Through the findings of the study, the researchers conclude that:

1. Having insufficient information about COVID-19 vaccines was the top most
factor that affects the decisions of the senior citizens of getting immunized. They
are also concerned about the effectivity and safety of the vaccines and its side
effects.
2. Despite having the concerns mentioned above, majority of the senior citizens
were willing to get immunized by COVID-19 vaccines.

3. The majority of COVID-19 vaccination side effects were fever, sleepiness,

headache, fatigue, swollen injection are, joint pain, bruises, chest pain, dizzy, dry
throat and cough. The adverse effects of vaccines most experienced of the
 33

participants mentioned in this study were belonged to mild symptoms of COVID-

19 vaccines.

RECOMMENDATION

Based from the conclusion drawn, below is hereby offered:

1.  The government or organization responsible for this kind of information

should inform the senior citizens about COVID-19 vaccines in an effective
way such as symposium or program that must be held in every barangay and
must be attended by the members of its community to stop the spreading of
fake information.

2. COVID-19 infection is contagious. The organization must encourage people

who are at risk to get vaccinated as soon as possible for the better protection and
safety. As well as those who knew about COVID-19 vaccines such as relatives
and peers.

3. Due to the increase of new cases, following health protocols must be observed
by the organization and by everyone.
 34

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