PERIOD OF A PENDULUM

What factors affect the period of a pendulum?

What factors DON’T affect the period of pendulum?

PERIOD OF A PENDULUM
FORMULA
WAVES
WHEN YOU HEAR “WAVES”
WHAT DO YOU THINK OF?
WHAT REALLY ARE WAVES?
- Think of when you drop a
pebble into water
- Water oscillates up and down
– in harmonic motion
- Waves- Oscillations that travel
WAVES AND ENERGY
- Waves are an essential way in
which energy travels from one
place to another
- Waves propagate through
space, spreading energy out
to other regions which could
be far away
TRANSVERSE VS. LONGITUDINAL
Transverse waves cause
oscillations that are
perpendicular to the forward
motion.
Think of the parachute in
elementary school gym
Longitudinal wave cause
oscillations that move back
and forth in the same direction
as the motion
Also called compressional
wave
Think of a slinky
TRANSVERSE VS. LONGITUDINAL
 COMPONENTS OF A WAVE
Amplitude- max amount a
wave rises or falls compared
to its equilibrium position
Different types of waves use
different units
Water wave- distance=
meters
Sound wave- pressure =
pascals
WAVELENGTH
Crest- Highest peak
Trough – lowest point
Wavelength (λ) is the distance
between two crests or two
troughs
 Frequency measures how
quickly it oscillates

FREQUENCY Units- Hz
Cycles per second
10 Hz= 10 cycles/second=10
waves travel past a given point
each second
 Frequency of a wave conveys information

FREQUENCY
Frequency of light wave = color
Frequency of a sound wave = pitch
Frequency remains the same even if the wave
amplitude decreases as it spreads out
WAVE SPEED
Depends on the type of wave and its
medium
Examples:
- Speed of typical water waves: 5
m/s
- Speed of sound in air: 343 m/s
- Speed of light: 300,000,000 m/s
 WAVE SPEED
As a wave moves forward, it
advances one wavelength with each
complete cycle.
Distance: λ
Speed = distance/ time = λ/Τ
Frequency = 1/Τ
Wave speed: v = f λ
Test your knowledge

This wave’s motion is graphed as a function of time and distance.

a.What is the wave frequency?
b.What is the wavelength?
c.What is the amplitude?
d.Calculate the speed of the wave.
Test your knowledge

This wave’s motion is graphed as a function of time and distance.

a.What is the wave frequency? 1 Hz
b.What is the wavelength? 5 cm
c.What is the amplitude? 10 cm
d.Calculate the speed of the wave. 5 cm/s (0.05 m/s)
Test your knowledge

Two students use a 10-meter-long spring to create a standing

wave. The wavelength is 2.0 m and the frequency is 2.0 Hz.

How fast is the wave traveling along the spring?

Asked: speed v

Given:

Relationship:

Solution:
Test your knowledge

Two students use a 10-meter-long spring to create a standing

wave. The wavelength is 2.0 m and the frequency is 2.0 Hz.

How fast is the wave traveling along the spring?

Asked: speed v

Given:

Relationship:

Solution:
WAVE ENERGY
A wave is an organized
mechanism for transferring
energy
- As a wave moves through
matter, its energy causes the
matter to respond
- After the wave passes, the
matter returns to equilibrium
ENERGY AND The energy of a wave

FREQUENCY increases with frequency

ENERGY AND Energy also increases with
amplitude

AMPLITUDE