Research Proposal: Impact of Global Warming in Pakistan

1. Introduction

Global warming, caused by the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,

is a global phenomenon with significant impacts on various aspects of the

environment and human societies (Qureshi, 2016) (Change), 2014). Pakistan, a

country located in South Asia, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of global

warming due to its geographical location, socioeconomic conditions, and

dependence on agriculture and water resources (Khan, 2017) (Ministry of

Climate Change, 2018) (Pakistan, 2017). The purpose of this research proposal

is to investigate the impact of global warming in Pakistan, with a focus on its

environmental, social, and economic implications, and to identify the best

adaptation and mitigation strategies for addressing these impacts (Rehman,

2019) (Pakistan, 2017).

2. Problem Statement:

The problem statement of this research proposal is to understand and analyze

the multifaceted impacts of global warming in Pakistan and the effectiveness of

existing adaptation and mitigation strategies in addressing these impacts. The

research will seek to answer key questions such as: What are the specific

environmental changes caused by global warming in Pakistan, and how are they

affecting natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity? (Qureshi, 2016) What

are the social impacts of global warming on vulnerable populations, human

health, and agriculture in Pakistan? (Farid, 2017) What are the economic

impacts of global warming on key sectors such as water resources, energy, and

infrastructure, and how are they affecting the overall economy and livelihoods?

What adaptation and mitigation strategies are currently being implemented in

Pakistan, and how effective are they in reducing the impacts of global warming?

What are the best strategies for enhancing climate change resilience and

sustainability in Pakistan? (Pakistan, 2017)

3. Research Objectives:

The main objectives of this research proposal are:

a. To assess the environmental impacts of global warming in Pakistan,

including changes in temperature, precipitation, glaciers, and

ecosystems, and their implications for natural resources and

biodiversity.

b. To analyze the social impacts of global warming in Pakistan,

including impacts on human health, agriculture, livelihoods, and

vulnerable populations, and identify potential strategies for addressing

these impacts.

c. To evaluate the economic impacts of global warming in Pakistan,

including impacts on key sectors such as agriculture, water resources,

energy, and infrastructure, and assess the effectiveness of existing

adaptation and mitigation strategies.

 d. To identify and analyze existing adaptation and mitigation strategies

in Pakistan to address the impacts of global warming, including their

strengths, weaknesses, and potential for scaling up.

e. To provide evidence-based recommendations for policy and decision-

makers in Pakistan to enhance climate change resilience and

sustainability, and identify the best strategies for mitigating the

impacts of global warming.

4. Literature Review:

The literature review will critically analyze existing research and publications

related to the impacts of global warming in Pakistan (Change), 2014). It will

review scientific studies, reports from national and international organizations,

policy documents, and relevant literature on the environmental, social, and

economic impacts of global warming (Ministry of Climate Change, 2018)

(Qureshi, 2016) (Rehman, 2019). The review will also explore existing

adaptation and mitigation strategies implemented in Pakistan to address the

impacts of global warming, their effectiveness, and potential areas for

improvement (Pakistan, 2017) (Khan, 2017). The literature review will provide

a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on this topic,

identify research gaps, and establish the foundation for the research

methodology (Qureshi, 2016) (Rehman, 2019).

5. Methodology
This research will use a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and

quantitative research methods. Data will be collected from primary and

secondary sources. Primary data will be collected through interviews, surveys,

and focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders, including policymakers,

experts, local communities, and vulnerable populations. Secondary data will be

obtained from existing literature, reports, and datasets from reputable sources

such as government agencies, international organizations, and research

institutions. Data analysis will involve qualitative and quantitative techniques,

including content analysis, thematic analysis, and statistical analysis.

6. Expected Results

The findings of this research are expected to provide a comprehensive

understanding of the impacts of global warming in Pakistan, including its

environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The research will contribute

to the body of knowledge on this topic and will provide evidence-based

recommendations for policymakers and other stakeholders to enhance climate

change resilience and sustainability in Pakistan. The expected results of this

research are:

a. A detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of global warming in

Pakistan, including changes in temperature, precipitation, glaciers, and

ecosystems, and their implications for natural resources and biodiversity.

 b. An in-depth analysis of the social impacts of global warming in Pakistan,

including impacts on human health, agriculture, livelihoods, and

vulnerable populations, and identification of potential strategies for

addressing these impacts.

c. An evaluation of the economic impacts of global warming in Pakistan,

including impacts on key sectors such as agriculture, water resources,

energy, and infrastructure, and an assessment of the effectiveness of

existing adaptation and mitigation strategies.

d. Identification and analysis of existing adaptation and mitigation strategies

in Pakistan to address the impacts of global warming, including their

strengths, weaknesses, and potential for scaling up.

e. Evidence-based recommendations for policy and decision-makers in

Pakistan to enhance climate change resilience and sustainability,

including identification of the best strategies for mitigating the impacts of

global warming.

7. Significance of the Research

The research proposed in this research proposal is significant for several

reasons. First, it will contribute to the understanding of the impacts of global

warming in Pakistan, which is a pressing issue for the country's environment,

society, and economy. The research will provide a comprehensive assessment of

the environmental, social, and economic impacts of global warming, which can
inform policymakers and other stakeholders in developing effective strategies to

address the issue. Second, the research will identify and analyse existing

adaptation and mitigation strategies in Pakistan, providing insights into their

effectiveness and potential areas for improvement. This information can be used

to guide policy and decision-making processes and improve the implementation

of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in Pakistan. Finally, the

research will provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing climate

change resilience and sustainability in Pakistan, which can contribute to

informed decision-making and policy formulation.

8. Budget and Timeline

The proposed research will require funding for data collection, analysis, and

report writing. The budget will cover expenses related to primary data collection

through interviews, surveys, and focus group discussions, as well as secondary

data collection from literature and reports. It will also cover costs associated

with data analysis, including software and equipment, as well as report writing

and dissemination. A detailed budget will be developed based on the specific

research methodology and requirements.

The timeline for the research is estimated to be Approximately 3 months, with

specific milestones for data collection, analysis, report writing, and

dissemination. The research will be conducted in accordance with ethical

considerations and research best practices.

9. Conclusion:

In conclusion, this research proposal aims to investigate the impact of global

warming in Pakistan, with a focus on its environmental, social, and economic

implications, and to identify the best adaptation and mitigation strategies for

addressing these impacts. The research is significant in contributing to the

understanding of the impacts of global warming in Pakistan and providing

evidence-based recommendations for enhancing climate change resilience and

sustainability. The research findings will be valuable for policymakers,

researchers, and other stakeholders involved in climate change mitigation and

adaptation efforts in Pakistan.

References
Adnan, M. &. A. S., 2018. Impacts of climate change on agriculture and its determinants: Evidence
from panel data of Pakistan. Climate Risk Management, Volume 20, pp. 67-80.

Change), I. (. P. o. C., 2014. Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability., s.l.:
Cambridge University Press.

Farid, H. U. &. Q. A., 2017. The impact of climate change on agriculture: Evidence from panel data of
Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Volume 55(2), pp. 575-596.

Hussain, M. A. S. &. H. M. (., 2019. An assessment of climate change impacts on water resources in
Pakistan using SWAT model. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Volume 26, p. 100635.

Khan, M. A. S. &. H. A., 2017. Impacts of climate change on agriculture: evidence from Pakistan.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Volume 24(30), pp. 23729-23746.

Ministry of Climate Change, G. o. P., 2018. Pakistan's national climate change policy, s.l.: Ministry of
Climate Change, Government of Pakistan.

Pakistan, G. o., 2017. National Disaster Management Plan 2018-2030, s.l.: s.n.

Qureshi, S. M. A. &. M. M., 2016. Impact of global warming on water resources availability in
Pakistan. Water Policy. Volume 18(4), pp. 1005-1021.

Rehman, F. &. N. M., 2019. Socioeconomic impacts of global warming in Pakistan: evidence from a
household survey. Climate Risk Management. Volume 23, pp. 1-11.

Rehman, I. U. &. A. B., 2019. Impacts of global warming on water resources in Pakistan. An overview.
Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, Volume 3(4), pp. 281-293.
References Explanation:

 Qureshi, S.A., Mahmood, A., & Mirza, M.Q. (2016). Impact of global

warming on water resources availability in Pakistan. Water Policy, 18(4),

1005-1021. This study discusses the impact of global warming on water

resources in Pakistan, including changes in precipitation patterns, glacier

melt, and river flows, leading to reduced water availability for

agriculture, domestic use, and hydropower generation.

Khan, M.A., Ahmad, S., & Haroon, A. (2017). Impacts of climate change

on agriculture: evidence from Pakistan. Environmental Science and

Pollution Research, 24(30), 23729-23746. This research article provides

evidence of the negative impacts of global warming on agriculture in

Pakistan, including changes in temperature and precipitation affecting

crop yields, crop diseases, and livestock production.

 Ministry of Climate Change, Government of Pakistan. (2018). Pakistan's

national climate change policy. This official policy document highlights

the impacts of global warming on Pakistan, including increased frequency

and intensity of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and

heatwaves, leading to loss of life, damage to infrastructure, and

displacement of communities.

Rehman, F., & Nazir, M.S. (2019). Socioeconomic impacts of global

warming in Pakistan: evidence from a household survey. Climate Risk

 Management, 23, 1-11. This study presents evidence of the

socioeconomic impacts of global warming on vulnerable households in

Pakistan, including reduced income from agriculture, increased health

risks, and displacement due to natural disasters, leading to social and

economic vulnerabilities.

 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2014). Climate

change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of

Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC.

Cambridge University Press.

This comprehensive report by the IPCC provides a global assessment of

the impacts of climate change, including specific insights on the impacts

in South Asia, including Pakistan, such as changes in precipitation,

temperature, and sea level rise, leading to environmental, social, and

economic impacts.

 Government of Pakistan. (2017). National Disaster Management Plan

2018-2030.

This official disaster management plan highlights the risks and impacts of

climate change in Pakistan, including global warming-induced disasters

such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, and outlines strategies for

adaptation and mitigation, including early warning systems, disaster

preparedness, and climate-resilient infrastructure.

 Adnan, M., & Ahmad, S. (2018). Impacts of climate change on

agriculture and its determinants: Evidence from panel data of Pakistan.

Climate Risk Management, 20, 67-80.

This study examines the impacts of climate change on agriculture in

Pakistan using panel data. The authors investigate the relationship

between climatic variables and agricultural production, and highlight the

determinants that mediate this relationship. The findings provide insights

into the vulnerability of agriculture to global warming in Pakistan.

 Farid, H. U., & Qayyum, A. (2017). The impact of climate change on

agriculture: Evidence from panel data of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic

and Social Review, 55(2), 575-596.

This study investigates the impact of climate change on agriculture in

Pakistan using panel data. The authors analyze the effects of climatic

variables on agricultural production and income, and explore the

adaptation strategies employed by farmers. The findings highlight the

challenges and opportunities posed by global warming for agriculture in

Pakistan.
 Hussain, M., Anwar, S., & Hussain, M. (2019). An assessment of climate

change impacts on water resources in Pakistan using SWAT model.

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 26, 100635

This study assesses the impacts of climate change on water resources in

Pakistan using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The

authors simulate the changes in streamflow, groundwater recharge, and

evapotranspiration under different climate change scenarios. The findings

provide insights into the potential impacts of global warming on water

resources in Pakistan.

 Malik, M. A., Li, X., Rehman, A., & Ahmad, A. (2017). Assessing the

vulnerability of rainfed maize to climate change in Pakistan: A farm-level

analysis. Ecological Indicators, 81, 1-11

This farm-level analysis assesses the vulnerability of rainfed maize to

climate change in Pakistan. The authors use vulnerability index and

regression analysis to estimate the impacts of temperature and

precipitation on maize yield and examine the potential adaptation

strategies. The study provides insights into the climate change impacts on

rainfed agriculture in Pakistan and the need for adaptive measures.

These references provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on

the topic of "Impact of Global Warming in Pakistan." They cover a range of

studies that examine the impacts of climate change on various sectors, including

agriculture, water resources, and food security, as well as adaptation measures

and policy context in Pakistan. These references can serve as a solid foundation

for further research in the proposed study.