Current Electricity

LEVEL I OBJECTIVE
(Solutions)
1. J  nev d

where v d is drift velocity of electron

v2
2. Power P 
R
v2 v2
 PA  & PB 
RA RB

 PA  PB then R A  R B
Since they are in series grouping
Power PA  i 2 R A & PB  i 2 R B

 PB  PA  R A  R B 

2Q 2Q Q
3. I  
T 2 

4. R
/a
2D
 (where m is mass and D is density)
m
25D 9D kD
 R1  k , R2  k ,  3kD and R 3 
1 3 5
 R1 : R 2 : R 3  125 :15 :1
5. Equivalent diagram is shown below
4 12

4 4

A 4 B A 4 B

12  4
R AB  eq    3
16
6. Let 1 and 2 with a emf of to batteries with internal resistance r1 and r2 respectively
1r2  2 r1
then equivalent emf =
r1  r2
may be a smaller and greater than individual emfs.
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

r1r2
But equivalent resistance =
r1  r2

Which is less then r1 & r2

7.

2R 2R R
A B

These three resistance are in parallel grouping

1 1 1 1
  
R eq 2R 2R R

R
R eq 
2
8.
1 1V 2V 2
S

i1 + i2 i1 + i2
i1 2
D B
i2 i2
3 1
P Q
3V 1V
Using Kirchhoff’s Law (KVL) in loop PQRS
3i 2  2  1  i2   i1  i2  2  2  1   i1  i 2   0 …(i)

and KVL for loop PQBD

3i 2  3  1  i2  2i1 …(ii)
solving (i) and (ii) we get
1
i1  amp.
13
2
 VD  VB   Volt
13

i1 E1 r1

i2 r2

9. i1 + i2 = i E2

R
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

KVL for lop containing E1 , r1 and R

Ri  r1i1  E1  0 ….(i)

KVL for loop containing E1 , r2 and R

Rri  r2  i  i1   E 2  0 …(ii)

Solving (i) and (ii)

E1 r2  E 2 r1
r1  r2
I
rr
R 12
r1  r2

E1r2  E 2 r1
 0 
r1  r2

r1r2
and r0 
r1  r2

10. In steady state there is no current / through capacitor and therefore R 3

V
i
R1  R 2

VR 2
 VC  iR 2 
R1  R 2

11. i12 r1  i 22 r2

V2 V2
r 
2 1 2
r2
 r1  r   r2  r 
Solving r  r1r2
V
2

12.


5 I
2 V
tan   
5 I
 V  2 volt  emf 

because at i  0 , Vmax  emf

v 2
r   0.4
i 5
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

13. For zero deflection

VA  VC  5volt …(i)

1 10
Current in upper branch = =  1Amp
r1  rAB 10

 VAB  1  9  9volt

9
p.d. per unit length = volt / cm
10
9x
 5
100
500
x  55.55cm
9
14. q  q 0 1  e  t / RC 

q0
 q 0 1  e t / RC 
10
1
 1  e  t / RC 
10
9
e t / RC 
10
t  10 
 ln  
  9
 10 
t   ln  
 9
15. Since voltmeter is ideal no current will be 
drawn from it.
Therefore equivalent resistance  c 
4
R eq  1   1  1  5
2 V

and current supplied by the battery  

a d
V 10 10 V
i   2amp
R eq 5

Using KVL in loop abcda

VC  Vd  10  2ir
 10  2  2  1  6volt
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

Level II (objective)
1.
A  D
6 12 D 
A B

12  C 6

B  C
12  4 6  3
 R eq    3  2  5
12  4 6  3
2.
R C R R
A B

R  R R
R A B
C
R
D
R 
  R   R 3R
2
R eq    
R 5
R R
2
3.
C
B F
G
E E

A D A B G H
I
I 
C H F

D
Each branch of the cube is assumed to be a resistor of resistance ‘R’
4. Voltmeter is constructed using high resistance in series with galvanometer.
5.
20 A 0.4 A 20 R
G

(20–0.04)×0.05 
Let resistance R is added in series with galvanometer
 0.04  20  R   p.d through galvanometer …(i)
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

p.d. across resistance 0.05 = 0.05   20  0.04  …(ii)

equating (i) and (ii)

 0.04  20  R   0.05 19.96
5  19.96
R  20  4.95
4
6. J  neVd
i
 neVd
A
 i 1  dv  dV
Vd     
 ne  A  dr  ned A  d 
nedA
dA
dV
Vd 
ne  d 

1
Vd 


E 3E
7. V1  .3R   0.75E
4R 4
E 6E
V2  .6R   0.87E
7R 7
E 2E
V3  .2R   0.67E
3R 3
 V2  V1  V3
8.
10 V 10
I
R
2I
I

10 V 1

10
I
 2R  1
Power dissipated in R
400
P  4I 2 R  2
R
 2R  1
for P to be maximum
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

dP 1
0R  
dR 2
 2I  10 amp
1
Pmax  100   50 Watt
2

2nd method
Eeq req

Both batteries are in parallel

1r2   2 r1 10  1  10  1
E eq    10 Volt
r1  r2 2

r1 r2 1
req   
r1  r2 2
From maximum power theorem
1
R 
2
2
 
2
 10  1 1
Pmax I R   .  100   50 Watt
1 1
   2 2
2 2
9.
A

10 V 4V
B

C
VA  VB  VB  VC  10
4  I  3  10
I  2 Amp
10. When switch is open no current will pass through OS. When switch is closed
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

20V 2 O  5V
A B
2
S

 V0  20  V0  5 V0  0
 2  4  2 0
 
 V0  9 Volt
 current through OS
9
I  4.5 Amp
2
11. Taking loop ABEFA
2I  4  2  2  I  4  0
I0
i.e. there is no current in any branch
A B
C
2I I
4 4 4
2V
I
F 2V E D
I
12.

X S Y i1
Z
i
R
C
R i– i1
L M N
Using Kirchhoff’s law in loop XYMLX
  i  i1  R  iR  E  0

2iR  i1 R  E  0 …(i)
Using Kirchhoff’s law in loop YZNMY
q
   i  i1  R  0
C
q  E  i1 R 
   i1  R  0 (using eqn. (i))
C  2R 
 2q  CE  i1RC  0
dq
 CE  2q  RC
dt
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

q t
dq 1
0 CE  2q  R 0 dt
 EC  2q  2t
ln  
 EC  RC
EC
 q
2
1  e2 t / RC 
q E
V  1  e 2t / RC 
C 2
13.
2C R
q1
i1
q2 R
i2 C

S
V
Le at any time ‘t’ q1 and q 2 be the charge on ‘2C’ and ‘C’ respectively.
Applying Kirchhoff’s law in loop containing 2C, R and C (upper half)
q1 q
  i1R  i2 R  2  0 …(i)
2C C
KVL (lower loop)
q2
  i2R  E …(ii)
C
Solving eq. (ii)
i 2 RC  EC  q 2

dq 2 dt

EC  q 2 RC
q2 t
dq 2 dt
Integrating  
0
EC  q 2 0 RC

q2  EC 1  e t / RC 

Putting in eq. (i)

q1  EC 1  e t / 2RC 

E  t / 2 RC
i1  e
2R
i1 1  t / 2RC
  e
i2 2
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

 increasing with time

14. When switch is closed for circuit Containing C, R and E
q
  i1R  E  0
C
dq t
 E  qC  RC
 time constant is RC
i.e. 1  RC
when switch is opened both resistors are in series
 R eq  2R

Time constant 2  R eq C  2RC

1 1
 
2 2
15.
E r 3A
A B
 VA  VB  E  ir
8.5  E  3r …(i)

2A E r
A B
VA  VB  E  ir
11  E  2r …(ii)
solving (i) and (ii) we get
2.5
r  0.5
5
CBSE
level – I
1.
3
B
A
10 V

V
I
R eq
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

10
0.5 
 R  3
r  3  20  R  17
also VA  10  ir  VB

VA  VB  10  ir  10  0.5  3  8.5volt
2. (a) Req = R1  R 2  R 3  6 …(i)
  

(b) v1  i  r1   

12 v1 v2 v3
 1  2Volt
6
12V
12
v2   2  4Volt
6
12
v3   3  6Volt
6
3. In steady state there is no current through capacitor branch.
63
R eq   3  5
9
V 15
Current I   = 3 amp
R eq 5

Current distribution is as shown below

3 a C

3
3
3
b
3

3 amp
p.d. across capacitor Va  Vb  3 1  3  3
12 Volt

4. Maximum current that can be drawn 12V 0.4

V 12
I max    30amp
R 0.4
5. (a) Using balanced bridge condition X Y
X 39.5 G

Y 60.5
A D C
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

39.5
x  12.5  8.16
60.5
Y  X Y
(b) 
X 100  
G
12.5 
 A D C
8.2 100  
solving for   60.5cm from ‘A’
(c) Since battery is connected the balance bridge condition. Circuit will not drawn any
current. Therefore deflection in galvanometer will be zero.
6. Let an external resistance R is added in series with
galvanometer rg R
G
18
  3  103
12  R
R  6  10 3  12
 5988
1 35 1  1
7.  (using  )
E 2 63 E2  2

63  E1 63 1.25
E2    2.25
35 35
J
8. J  nev d  v d  (where v d is drift velocity)
ne
time taken
 ne neA
t  
vd J i

3  8.5  10 28 1.6  10 19  2  106

t
3
 3.2  8.5  103  2.72  104 S
9. Since potential at O is zero
VA  12 Volt and VD  6 Volt
Current in the branch
VA  VD 12  6
i = =- 1 amp
6 6
 VA  V B  irAB

VB  VA  irAB  12  1  11V
VC  VB  irBC  11  2  9 Volt
 VB  11 Volt
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

VC  9 Volt

VD  6 Volt
6 2 2 Volt
10. (a) i
8.5  6  0.015
0.015 
12
  1.4amp
8.59 R=8.5 
Terminal voltage = 1.4  8.5
 11.9Volt
V 1.9
(b) I   0.005 Amp
R 300
11. (a) (i) For maximum resistance they must be added in series
R max  nR
(ii) For minimum resistance they must be added in parallel
R
R min 
n
R max nR
Ratio   n2
R min R / n

2
(b) (i) 1 and 2 are in parallel R 
3
and resultant in series with 3
2 11
R eq  3 
3 3
(ii) 2 and 3 as in parallel
6
R 
5
and resultant in series with 1 
6 11
R eq  1 
5 5
(iii) All are in series
R eq  1  2  3  6

(iv) All are in parallel

1 1 1 1 6  3  2 11
    
R eq 1 2 3 6 6

6
R eq  
11
(c) (i)
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
8

16 
8 16 16
R eq   
24 3
(ii) All resistances are in series
R eq  5R

1 R0
R0  R
R0  1
12. R0
1
2  12 5.46
R0   =2.73
1 2 2
12 0.5  12
i
 R 0  0.5

12
R0    3.71 Amp
3.23
13. In first case voltmeter has highest resistance
 it will draw minimum current and therefore it will give maximum reading.
In third case (c) resistance of voltmeter is minimum, therefore it will give minimum reading
Va  Vb  Vc
14.
q  q 0 e t / RC (discharging)

q q 0  t / RC
 VA   e …(i)
C C
differentiating with respect to time
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

dq q 0  t / RC
 e
dt RC
q 0  t / RC
i e
RC
q 0  t / RC
 VB  iR  e …(ii)
C
from equation (i) and (ii)
reading will be same at all times.
15.(a) Let resistance of rod be R 0 and external resistance be ‘r’
E r
a b

 I  0.5V 2
1
 0.5Vab2  Vab  1 volt…(i)
2
also V  IR 0
1
1  R0  R 0  2 …(ii)
2

Using KVL
E 6
i 
R0  r R 0  2

1 6

2 R0  2

 R 0  12  2  10

(b) i2R 0  i2r

r  R 0  2
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

Subjective
Level-II
1. Using KVL in loop acdbpqa a I1 f I2 e
I 2 5  I1  10  V  0
I2
 10I1  5I 2  V …(i) I1 – I2
c b
Using KVL in loop acdfa d I1

 I1  10  5  I1  I 2   5I 2  0 q p

 15I1  10I 2
 3I1  2I2 …(ii)
Using eqn. (i) and (ii)
3I1
10I1  5  V
2
35I1  2V
2V 3V
I1  and I2 
35 35
Total current supplied by battery
5V V
I  I1  I 2  
35 7
V
R eq   7
I
2. Using KVL in loop AEBDFA I1 2V 
A B
2  I1 2   I 2  I1  2  I1 1  1  0  I2– I1
1V F I2
5I1  2I 2  1 1V
…(i) 
1 
KVL in loop BDGCHB
I2
  I2  I1  2  3  I2  3  I 2  1  1  0 D G C
3V 
2I1  6I2  2 …(ii)
multiplying eqn. (i) by 3 and eqn. (ii) by 1, we get
( 5I1 - 2I 2 = 1) ×3
(–) –(2I1 -+ 6I 2 = +- 2) ×1
5
13I1 =5 ,I1 = Amp
13
5
5 1
5I  1 13
I2  1 
2 2
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

12 6
  Amp
13  2 13
(a) VB   I 2  I1  2  VD

6 5
 VB  VD  2   
 13 13 
2
Volt
13
(b) Through G
6 39  18 21
V  3  3   Volt
13 13 13
through H,
6 19
V 1  Volt
13 13
3. C  2F q0

q 0  Initial charge r
q0
E0   Initial 
A 0

E0 q q
E  Final    0  q final  0
3 3A0 3

q  q 0 e  t / RC
q0
 q 0 e  t / RC
3
ln 3  t / RC
t
RC 
ln 3
t
R  2
C.ln 3
r 4r
4.(a) R eq  r  
3 3

r b
r r r
c a r
 a c r b
r
r
(b) r
R eq 
4
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

r
r
a b
r
r
5. Using KVL in loop abgha 2V 2V i1– i2–i32V
a i1– i2 d
2  i 2  1  2  0 b i2 c i
i1 3

1 1 1
 i2  0
12V g f
KVL in loop bcfgb h i1– i2 i1– i2– i3 e
i1
2V 2V 2V
2  i 3  1  2  i 2  1  0
i3  1  0  i3  0
similarly i1  0
6.
c 3
d
 c 3
d
 

 8
  8
b e

b e
a f 
18 72

8 4
R eq  9 18   
18 72 6 3

9 18
Total current supplied by battery

 

 

2/3 2/3

2V 2V
V V
i   1 Amp.
4 2 2

3 3
applying Kirchhoff’s law in loop abcdefa
2
i1  3  1  20
3
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

2 4
3i1  2  
3 3
4
i1  amp
9
power dissipated
V2 4 4
W    2Watt.
P R eq 2

7. After the closing the switch for very long time current through capacitor branch will become zero.
R R R

E1 E2
R
r1 r2 R
R C
R

3R 7R
R eq   R  r1  r2   r1  r2
4 4
E eq 2E
current I  
R eq  7R 
  r1  r2 
 4 
As per question p.d. across one the battery is zero.
O  E  ir1

3E
E  ir1  r1
 7R 
  r1  r2 
 4 
7R
 r1  r2
4
4
R  r1  r2 
7
8. Let external resistor be R 0 and internal resistance of battery E r

E
then i1  …(i)
r0  r

and E  i1r  10 R0
E
E r  10 …(ii)
R0  r

E
and i2 
R0 1 r
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

E  i 2 r  11

E
E r  11 …(iii)
R0 1 r
E
also i3 
R0  4  r

E  i3 r  13

E
E  13 …(iv)
R0  4  r
solving eqn. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
72
r W, E  19V
19
9. q  q 0 1  e  t / RC 

E  t / RC
i e
R
E 2  t / RC
power p  EI  e …(i)
R
as per question
Pmax E 2
p 
2 2R
E 2 E 2  t / RC
  e
2R R
1
 e  t / RC
2
taking logarithm
 ln 2   t / RC
t  RC  ln 2 

 No of time constant
t
 ln  2 
RC
b
10. 9000 
220V c
3000  a V 6000 

Total current supplied by the battery

Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

V 220
i 
R eq 3000  6000
 9000
9000
220 1
 Amp
11000 50
Let Vb  220volt
Then Va  0 Volt

 Vc  Va  reading of voltmeter   Vc

Now Vb  i  9000  Vc
1
Vc  220   9000  220  180  40 Volt
50
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

Subjective level – III

1. (a)
A A

100  40  100  2 amp A

1 amp 40  8 amp
100 
1 amp
100  120  100   2 amp 40 
1 amp 120
C 60 
100  1
5 25  20 
B
B B

A

160  40
 32
200
B
320
(b) Total current supplied by the battery I =  10 amp .
32
1
Current in branch BC is amp
S
 VB  VC = 20 Volt
1
(c) No, because current through BC wire still be amp.
5
2.
1.5 V, 0.4  1.5 V, 0.4 

1.8 
12  18  36  6 6 volt, 1.6  1.8 
3V
7.8  0.8 
6 volt, 1.6 

4.5 V, 1.2 

4.5 V

9 7.8 
4.5
(a) Total current I   0.5 Amp
9
(b) Let current in 36 resistor is i1 , therefore current in 18 is 2i1 and is 12 3i1
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

 i1  2i1  3i1  0.5

6i1  0.5
0.5
i1   0.86 amp
6
(c) VA  1.5  i  r  VB
 VA  VB  1.5  ir  1.5  0.5  0.4
 1.7 Volt
3.(a) Let potential of point A is  and that of B is zero
   E1    E 2    E3  0
3  E1  E 2  E3
6
  2 Volt
3
 E r  E 2 r1 
(b) E eq  AB  2volt  using E eq  1 2 
 r1  r2 

1
and req  
3
V
Current I  6Amp
R
(c) Effective emf = 2 volt
1
effective resistance = .
3
4. Ammeter will have minimum resistance while voltmeter will have maximum resistance.

100
G

10+6
G
10–3
Voltmeter Ammeter
Note : Ammeter is always added in series with circuit while voltmeter is added in parallel with the
branch.
12
5. In steady state current i 
20
 potential difference across resistor = i  10  6 volt
for discharging
V  t / RC 6 6
i e   e 4 =  0.011 Amp = 11 m amp.
R 10 530
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

KA 0
6. Capacitance C  electric field between capacitor
d
Q
plate E  , K
KA 0

d
Resistance R
A
Qd
Potential difference V = Ed =
KA 0
Leakage current
V  t / RC
I e
R
t
.
KA0
Qd d / A
d
 e
d
KA 0
A
t
Q
I e K0
K 0
7. Using Young’s modulus
W W
Y  …(i)
Al A

W
 
YA

R (change in resistance) =
A
W
R 
YA 2
 0.22
8.(a) In steady state there is no current is capacitor branch


F 


V=6volt
6
 R eq   2.8 = 4
5
V 6
I tot    1.5 Amp
R eq 4
Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

1.5  3
 Current in 2 resistance I   0.9 Amp
5
(b) Total resistance
6
R  400  800  10  2.8   1214
5
6
I=  .00494amp
1214
Reading of voltmeter
i  400  0.0494  400
 1.97 volt
9.(a) Considering a sphere of radius ‘r’ and thickness ‘dr’
dr r dr
dR (small resistance) 
4r 2
r r
ra
 b dr   1  a
R   dR  
4 ra r 2 4  r  rb

 1 1
   
4  ra rb 

V Vab  4   ra rb
(b) Current I  
R   rb  ra 

I I
J (Current density) = 
A 4r 2
Vab 4ra rb
=
  rb  ra  4 r 2

Vab ra rb
 2
r  rb  ra 

10. Initial charge on capacitor

q 0  CV …(i)
when switch S1 is closed the capacitor will start to discharge
q  q 0 e t / R1C
CV
q  CVe  R1C / R1C = …(ii)
e
CV
i.e. after time t1  R1C charge on capacitor =
e
Next time (from t  R1C to t  R1C  R 2 C )
 Physics (Solutions) : Current Electricity

t  R 2 C

CV  R 2C / R 2C
q  e  EC 1  e  R 2 C / R 2 C 
e
CV  1
q   EC 1  
e2  e