Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

Digestive and Excretory Systems

Chapter Test A
Answer Key
Multiple Choice 21. urinary bladder
1. c 22. a nephron
2. a 23. Accept any two: glucose, water, sodium (or
3. b salt), amino acids, urea, and electrolytes.
4. b 24. Accept any one: maintains fluid, pH, and
5. b electrolyte balance; removes waste products
6. c from the blood; filters and cleans the blood;
7. a releases hormones that help to keep bones
8. a healthy, to produce red blood cells, and to
9. b regulate blood pressure.
10. c 25. Accept any one: kidney transplant: donor
11. a kidney is implanted into recipient; once
12. b mechanical dialysis: dialysis machine filters
13. a blood; at least 3 times a week peritoneal
14. c dialysis: lining of patient’s abdomen acts as
15. c a blood filter; at least 3 times a week
Short Answer
16. to break down food into energy that can be
used by cells
17. rings of muscles called sphincters
18. chewing and tearing in the mouth; mixing
and churning by action of the smooth
muscles in the stomach and small intestine
19. stomach (Also accept D.) Accept any one of
the following answers: pepsin, peptidase,
trypsin.
20. Accept any one: liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
A meal high in fats would take longer to
digest because enzymatic digestion of fats
occurs only in the small intestine.
Enzymatic and mechanical digestion of
carbohydrates begins in the mouth.

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Biology 1 Digestive and Excretory Systems

Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
Digestive and Excretory Systems

Chapter Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)

_____ 1. Which nutrient is required _____ 5. Figure 1 shows the label

for nearly every chemical from a carton of yogurt.
reaction in every cell in How many Calories per
your body? serving are from fat?
a. vitamin B6
b. calcium
c. water
d. protein
_____ 2. Which of the following
foods is a good source of
lean protein?
a. fish b. grains
c. potatoes d. oranges
_____ 3. Which of the following
vitamins is vital for
maintaining healthy
cartilage and bone?
a. vitamin K
b. vitamin C
c. folic acid
d. B vitamins FIG. 1
a. 2 c. 65
_____ 4. Which nutrient is your b. 15 d. 130
body’s main source of
energy? _____ 6. Which of the following
a. animal proteins types of food should be
b. carbohydrates eaten in limited quantities?
c. saturated fats a. fruits c. fats
d. B vitamins b. fish d. grains

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Biology 2 Digestive and Excretory Systems

Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

Chapter Test A, continued

_____ 7. Suppose you were eating an _____ 11. Which phrase best describes
apple. Digestion of the absorption?
apple would begin in your a. takes up nutrients
a. mouth. b. breaks down fats
b. stomach. c. starts in the mouth
c. duodenum. d. acts mechanically
d. jejunum.
_____ 12. Which of the following
_____ 8. Smooth muscle contractions functions is performed by
that push 12. Which of the the liver?
following functions is food a. balances fluids
through the digestive b. produces bile
system are called c. absorbs sugars
a. peristalsis. d. distributes fats
b. dialysis.
c. diffusion. _____ 13. What is the term for the
d. excretion. millions of blood-filtering
units inside the kidney?
_____ 9. What is the function of the a. nephrons
structures in Figure 2? b. ureters
c. cortexes
d. medullas
_____ 14. The main role of the skin in
the excretory system is to
release
a. amino acids and glucose.
b. urea, plasma, and water.
c. excess water and salt.
d. surplus CO2 and H2O.
FIG. 2 _____ 15. Which of the following
a. excretion functions is performed by
b. absorption the kidneys?
c. filtration a. eliminate solid waste
d. digestion b. absorb most nutrients
c. maintain proper pH
_____ 10. The large intestine is one d. digest food and water
site for the absorption of
a. fiber.
b. sugars.
c. water.
d. fats.

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company

Biology 3 Digestive and Excretory Systems

Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

Chapter Test A, continued

Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)

FIG. 3

16. What is the main purpose of the digestive system?

_______________________________________________________________
17. What separates the sections of the digestive system from one another?
_______________________________________________________________
18. What types of mechanical digestion take place in the mouth, stomach, and
small intestine?
_______________________________________________________________
19. In which of the organs shown in Figure 3 does the digestion of protein begin?
Name an enzyme that helps the body digest proteins.
_______________________________________________________________
20. Name an organ that produces a substance that aids digestion in the small
intestine. Predict which meal would take longer to digest, a meal high in fats
or a meal high in carbohydrates. Explain.
_______________________________________________________________

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Biology 4 Digestive and Excretory Systems

Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

Chapter Test A, continued

Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)

FIG. 4

21. Write the name of the structure that stores urine.

_______________________________________________________________
22. Structures 1, 2, and 3 make up what part of the kidney?
_______________________________________________________________
23. Give two examples of substances removed from the blood by the kidneys.
_______________________________________________________________
24. Give one example of how the organ and its parts shown in Figure 4 works to
maintain homeostasis within the body.
_______________________________________________________________
25. Name and describe a treatment for kidney failure. How often must the
treatment be done?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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Biology 5 Digestive and Excretory Systems