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  • Supplementary Notes - North-South Divide

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    Fema Jane
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    This document discusses classifications of countries based on their ideology, political development, and economic development. It introduces concepts such as the Global North/South divide, which refers to global inequality rather than just poverty. The Global South represents developing countries that feel relatively poor compared to developed Western nations in the Global North due to colonialism and uneven power structures under globalization. The root cause of poverty is seen as inequality between these groups that was historically constructed and is now maintained by dominant ideologies, international organizations, and state policies. The Global South is defining itself in opposition to this global order and colonial legacy through non-alignment, challenging colonial structures, and forming its own alliances.

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    This document discusses classifications of countries based on their ideology, political development, and economic development. It introduces concepts such as the Global North/South divide, which refers to global inequality rather than just poverty. The Global South represents developing countries that feel relatively poor compared to developed Western nations in the Global North due to colonialism and uneven power structures under globalization. The root cause of poverty is seen as inequality between these groups that was historically constructed and is now maintained by dominant ideologies, international organizations, and state policies. The Global South is defining itself in opposition to this global order and colonial legacy through non-alignment, challenging colonial structures, and forming its own alliances.

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    14 views2 pages

    Supplementary Notes - North-South Divide

    Uploaded by

    Fema Jane
    This document discusses classifications of countries based on their ideology, political development, and economic development. It introduces concepts such as the Global North/South divide, which refers to global inequality rather than just poverty. The Global South represents developing countries that feel relatively poor compared to developed Western nations in the Global North due to colonialism and uneven power structures under globalization. The root cause of poverty is seen as inequality between these groups that was historically constructed and is now maintained by dominant ideologies, international organizations, and state policies. The Global South is defining itself in opposition to this global order and colonial legacy through non-alignment, challenging colonial structures, and forming its own alliances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    THREE-WORLDS CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES

    Ideology Orientation Political Development Economic Development


    First World Liberal-Capitalist Liberal-Democratic Developed
    Second World Socialist-Communist Socialist-Command Developed/Developing
    Third World Unsure/Non-Aligned Trad/Authoritarian/etc Underdeveloped

    NORTH

    Japan
    Russia China
    US

    WEST EAST

    Indonesia Cuba

    Vietnam

    Philippines
    SOUTH
    GLOBAL NORTH/SOUTH DIVIDE

    Key to understanding: Global south is a metaphor of interstate inequality


    (i.e., not poverty per se but inequality)

    Poverty under globalization: A poverty of inequality (between North and South).


    Globalization is a diptych that creates both affluence and poverty

    Modernity according to Others


    Western culture left behind
    Globalization is a development0underdevelopment paradox
    Why Poverty?
     Neo-liberal explanation: Inability to globalize in some countries (incompleteness of globalization;
    inability to participate in global cosmopolitan culture) = calls for ne-liberal policies
     Leftwing explanation: dominant economic paradigm fosters inequality = neo-liberalism creates the
    structure of inequality
     South’s explanation: Double standards under globalization (uneven economic norms of
    development; double standard in prescription of cures; privatization/deregulation causing shrining
    of public sector services; dogmatic adherence to austerity) = contradictions of neo-liberal policies
    reinforces poverty
    Inequality is the cause = relative poverty vs. absolute poverty (one is poor because others are rich)
     Distinction between beneficiaries of uneven system of global power (who gets what…)
     Lack or political representation of certain people on global processes
     North-south represents global difference entangled in political geographies
     Result of historical antecedents: colonialism-imperialism-cold war- globalism
     Not am a priori concept but constructed by agents (the South) = It is a subjective response,
    historical and evolutionary because nations feel poor.
     The concept of Global South is both objective (i.e., realities of global poverty) and subjective
    (i.e., responses to such inequality

    Implications: While there is rhetoric /ideologies of convergence in growth and development, there is
    divergence (the divide) because nation-states remain as a legitimate under globalization.
     Decolonized sovereign states are sources of resistance to globalization
     International organizations are still inadequate (states remain a mechanism for redistribution)
     Intergovernmental claims are results of state policies (global states are pre-figured b state
    policies

    Result: South states become activist states responding to globalization

    Colonialism of the West is at the root of global inequality!

     Civilization discourse is the root of colonialism in the past


     Colonial logic persists today (Western modernization as social scientific rationality)
     Globalization as new colonialism (i.e., the Global South is re-imagined by those who
    dominate it.

    Result Global South is defining itself against globalism;

     It is an active negation of colonialism


     It is a counterpoint to global modernity
     It is challenge to global order of colonial globalization

    Solution:

     Structural correction – challenge to colonial structure


     Non – alignment – 3rd world countries (non-liberal, non-socialist)
     Alliance – Formation o own alliances (with own interests)

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