ABSTRACT

Water supply project is given as a topic for a group in which I am a member. This project report is part of the
evaluation process of a candidate reviews the knowledge gained during the whole course in the institute. The
knowledge to be applied in this project includes both the theory and practical aspect of the training.

This project report consists of the design of different component of the water supply system in the specified
area. The project covers areas of the supply reservoir, rising main, storage tank and other important aspects
of the supply components.

The important drawings, bibliography and other relevant information are also included in the report which I
believe, will be useful during the implementation and real construction of this designed water treatment and
supply system project.

1
 1. Dedication

I would like to dedicate this project to my guardian who tirelessly worked to ensure I did my best in
everything particularly in my education. For their care and support throughout my studies .

2
 2. Acknowledgements

I would like to express my very great appreciation to everyone who was supportive and resourceful
throughout the course period Sincere gratitude goes out to my supervisor F.J.Murithi for his tireless
efforts in teaching and guiding me throughout this period. Finally, I wish to thank my family and friends
for their kind concern and moral support throughout this period

3
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................... 1
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................ 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................................. 1
1.0 CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT................................................................................... 6
1.3 LOCATION AND SIZE.............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.1 PHYSICAL AND NATURAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................................... 7
1.3.2 CLIMATE......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.3 HYDROLOGY AND GEOLOGY OF THE PROJECT AREA...................................................................... 7
1.3.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.5 JUSTIFICATION................................................................................................................................ 7
1.3.6 MAIN OBJECTIVE............................................................................................................................. 7

2.0CHAPTER TWO........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.1 LITERATURE RIVIEW............................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 DESIGN PERIODS.................................................................................................................................... 8

2.3 PRESENT POPULATION BEFORE EXTRAPOLATION ............................................................................... 8

2.3.1 RESIDENTIAL POPULATION ................................................................................................................ 8

2.3.2 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION POPULATION ........................................................................................9

2.3.3 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................9

2.3.4 RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION ..........................................................................................9

2.3.5 HEALTH FACILITIES .............................................................................................................................9

2.4 POPULATION PROJECTION ..................................................................................................................10

2.5 INSTITUTION PROJECTION................................................................................................................... 10

2.6 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES.................................................................................................................... 10

2.7 PERCAPITA CONSUMPTION................................................................................................................. 11

2.8 WATER DEMAND................................................................................................................................ 11

2.9 DESIGN FLOW..................................................................................................................................... 12

4
3.0 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................13

3.1PIPELINE DESCRIPTION AND FLOW....................................................................................................... 13

3.1.1 DESIGN CRITERIA.............................................................................................................................. 13
3.1.2 RISING MAIN DESIGN........................................................................................................................ 13
3.1.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION............................................................... Error: Reference source not found
3.1.3 SURVEY AND SURVEY DATA PRODUCTION....................................................................................... 13
3.1.4 SURVEY DATA TABLE...................................................................... Error: Reference source not found
3.1.5 FRICTIONAL LOSSES AND PIPE SELECTION..................................... Error: Reference source not found
3.1.6 FITTING,PLACING AND ANCHORAGE.............................................. Error: Reference source not found
3.1.7 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................................. 16
3.1.8 WATER HAMMER........................................................................... Error: Reference source not found
3.1.9 NUMBER OF PIPES REQUIRED................................................ Error: Reference source not found
3.2 PUMPING UNIT................................................................................. Error: Reference source not found
3.2.1 POWER REQUIREMENTS................................................................ Error: Reference source not found

4.0 CHAPTER FOUR.................................................................................................................................... 19

4.1STORAGE TANK.................................................................................. Error: Reference source not found
4.2TANK CAPACITY.................................................................................................................................... 20

5.0 CHAPTER FIVE...................................................................................................................................... 21

5.1 COST ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................... 21
5.2 RECOMENDATION........................................................................... 2Error: Reference source not found
5.3 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................... 23
5.4 APPENDIX............................................................................................................................................ 24
5.4.1 BIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER ONE

5
 3. INTRODUCTION
This project was proposed and done focusing at the domestic water use of the area under
consideration. The project was done to supply clean water piped to KMA Estate, which is aimed for
commercial and domestic use within the area. The source of water will be a connected pipe line from
Nairobi city water and sewerage Company. Main pipe in south c Currently, the estate is supplied
water by the Nairobi city water and sewerage company is from Kabete treatment plant .Due to the
increasing water demand among the people, t[spite the fact that they have an existing water supply,
they are getting inadequate amount of water. For this
reason, the existing water supply has been inadequate to meet the demand of the area.

After identifying the problem in the KMA Estate, we as a group gathered the necessary information
which is mandatory for the project. The reconnaissance process was done a bit earlier which was later
followed by actual obtaining of the profile of the main line. Lastly, the total population and different
activities that should be considered in the calculation of the demand of the area were obtained. With
high consideration of all these and other similar factors, the whole project report has been prepared.

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The supply in KMA Estate was a big problem since it could not meet the rising demand in the area
causing water shortage in most of the days of the Week, due to unbalanced demand and supply of
water in the area, the residents are still suffering from water shortages .It also seems that the current
water supply of the area had challenges of addressing the demands of its consumers since the
population of KMA Estate is increasing. For this reason, the water demand of the area is not
adequately met by the present water supply. The present observation shows that the area has self
contained houses, school, a church, sewerage network, a shop and vehicles .The area is well planned
with a good communication and road networks.

1.2 LOCATION AND SIZE

South c residential area is a middle class area which is located in the southland area of Nairobi. It is
located next to Wilson Airport and it is bordered by Nyayo Stadium and Langata Estate to the west
and Nairobi National park to the south and south B to the East. The area lies between latitude -1.317
and longitude 36.825 south

1.3 PHYSICAL AND NATURAL CONDITIONS

6
Topography is the general appearance of the area. Therefore south c area has a general flat with
considerably variation in topography.

1.4 CLIMATE

According to a documentary by Koppel climate classification, the area is classified as subtropical

highland. The altitude makes some cool evening in July and June when temperatures can drop as low
as 10 degrees centigrade. December to March, being the sunniest and warmest part of the year, the
temperatures are averaged at 20 degrees centigrade. The estate receives an annual rainfall average of
790mm.

1.5 HYDROLOGY AND GEOLOGY

The estate has no river flowing in it and there is no natural water source available. Black cotton soil
has dominated the area though it is for a very short depth of approximately 2m deep followed by a
fractured rock formation.

1.6 PROBLEM STATEMENT

South c has a supply pipe from Nairobi water which has to supply water to the whole KMA Estate
due to lack of any natural sources of water and high demand due to rising population leading to not
sufficient supply to cater for the rising demand.

1.7 JUSTIFICATION

The current capacity for the supply pipe designed for is not the exact capacity it should be carrying.
This is a problem which has led to low water supply leading to havoc in the area and fluctuation in
water price.

1.8 MAIN OBJECTIVE

The design of the water supply pipe will accommodate the high demand in the whole estate all
throughout the year for 24 hours in seven days a week for a whole year.

7
 CHAPTER TWO

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
KMA Estate had a poor water supply system that was made to serve the present population which was
estimated to serve for the period of time with consideration of future expansion due to expected
population growth. The design of the water system is approximated easily by use of design periods.

2.1 DESIGN PERIODS

Water demand is based on initial , future and ultimate periods .The ‘initial period’ is the time when
supply is expected to be taken into operation which is always 0-4 years from the date of
commencement of the preliminary design. The future is always 10 years from the initial period and the
ultimate period is 20 years respectively from the initial period.

The actual design of any water structure project is based on ultimate design period .This is the
ministry of water and irrigation design manual.

The periods are as shown below as per research.

PERIOD PRESENT INITIAL FUTURE ULTIMATE

YEAR 2016 2020 2030 2040

2.2 PRESENT POPULATION BEFORE EXTRAPOLATION

2.3 RESIDENTIAL POPULATION

The present population of KMA estate is estimated based on the actual fact found in the estate by the
group members. There are a total of 63 houses with an average of 6 people per house. The below table
shows the data collected and the total residential population based on the above fact.

Number of houses 63

Occupants per house 6

Total 337

It is evident that the present residential population is 315.The fact that each house contains two parents
and three children and one house girl. This averages each house to have six people .The other
necessary parameters such as institution, commercial centres are covered in the following subtopics.

2.4 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION POPULATION

8
KMA Estate has a school with at least 100 pupils. Their population was obtained through the school
headmaster’s record through an oral interview. This is recorded in the table below:

CLASSES POPULATION
1. GREEN CLASS 40
2. BLUE CLASS 60
TOTAL 100

2.5 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

Some commercial activities are also being carried out and are
therefore considered for our water demand and supply analysis. The
commercial activities that are carried out in the estate are:
TYPES OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES NUMBERS

SHOP 1

RECREATIONAL ZONE 1

CAR WASH 1

HEALTH FACILITY 1

2.6 RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION

KMA have a small church and a mosque which is located in the area for religious purposes. It was
important to consider these institutes in the design of water pipeline as water is used there in both
church and mosque when in use. The table below shows the population for the religious institute.

INSTITUTES POPULATION

CHURCH 40

MOSQUE 96

2.7 HEATH FACILITY

The clinic in the area has 15 beds which are placed for patients’ admission. It is approximated that
only 7 beds are used to admit patients as most of the KMA Estate members don’t use the facility and
hence only seven beds are found to have admitted patients per week. This information was obtained
from the nurse through an interrogation.

9
 2.8 POPULATION PROJECTION

The KMA Estate houses construction was done all through the whole religion and hence there is no
room of expansion. Although there is no expectation of building increases in future due to lack of
space, the houses constructed were big and thus allows population increase in future. Mostly it is the
newborns and relatives. This was evident when data was collected; hence population project method
was well used. The population projection for the initial, future and ultimate periods as per above
explanation;

PERIOD YEAR POPULATION

PRESENT 2016 378

INITIAL 2020 400

FUTURE 2030 464

ULTIMATE 2040 520

2.9 INSTITUTION PROJECTION

The school population is expected to grow as there is a prefabricated block which will be destroyed to
build a storey block which will accommodate more pupils. The health facility has no expectation of
future expansion as there is limitation of space.

PERIOD PRESENT INITIAL FUTURE ULTIMATE

GREEN CLASS 40 50 73 84

BLUE CLASS 60 84 98 130

HEALTH 15 15 15 15
CENTRE BEDS

2.10 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROJECTION

Due to limited space, the commercial activities cannot increase as residents’ houses are packed to
the entire stretch of the estate .Also due to the presence of a shopping centre nearby, this makes
commercial activities expansion difficult. This is only with the exception of a probable additional
of one shop which will be build when an old lorry packed on a good site for locating a shop is
eliminated since it is packed out due to its mechanical conditions

COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PRESENT INITIAL FUTURE ULTIMATE

10
 SHOPS 1 1 2 2

CAR WASH 1 1 1 1

RECREATION ZONE 1 1 1 1

HEALTH FACILITY 1 1 1 1

2.11 PER CAPITAL CONSUMPTION

Consumption patterns for different consumers as stipulated by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation
are used for the calculation of total water demand. For other consumptions, reasonable
assumptions have been made. For other consumptions, reasonable assumptions have been made .

2.10 WATER DEMAND

KMA Estate has medium class householders and the whole population in the estate are being
supplied water using the individual connection type. The per capital consumption rates are taken as
per the design manual of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The table below shows the water
demand in litres per day for all the population in the estate and the total water demand in all the three
design periods.

DESCRIPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION L/H/D

RESIDENTS 150

SHOPS 100

CARWASH 5000

RECREATIONAL ZONE 25

SCHOOL 25

HEALTH FACILITY 5000

11
 Water demand in Litres per Day (L/day)

DESIGN STAGE INITIAL FUTURE ULTIMATE ULTIMATE

YEAR 2016 2020 2030 2040
RESIDENTS 56700 60000 69600 78000
SHOPS 100 100 200 200
CARWASH 5000 5000 5000 5000
RECREATINAL ZONE 25 25 25 25
SCHOOL 2500 3350 4275 5350
HEALTH FACILITY 5000 5000 5000 5000

TOTAL CONSUMPTION 69325 73475 84100 93575

2.12 DESIGN FLOW

Water required to be supplied can be calculated using the total water demand obtained at the ultimate
stage. The water demand at the ultimate period is usually bigger in magnitude as compared to the
initial and future periods.

The following formula is be used to obtain the design flow:

Design flow=Average flow/24

The design manual for water supply of middle class housing has indicated no peak factor. All the
calculation is based on ultimate values where allowable losses due to leakage and wastage are
included. Therefore,

Design flow=93575/hr

= 93575 l/hr

Using 24 hours of pumping, a design flow of 10.83 L/ sec is established.

12
 CHAPTER THREE

3. PIPELINE DESCRIPTIONS AND DESIGN

3.1 DESIGN CRITERIA

According to the design manual of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, the following should be put
into consideration during designing of a water supply system.

1. To maintain the ultimate flow rising main is designed

2. The peak pressure, which includes the water hammer, should not exceed the working
pressure of the pipe.
3. The most economical and efficient pipe is determined by the use of the Colebrook’s
White monogram. It helps in finding velocity, diameter and associated frictional losses
for the pipes.
4. The velocity of flow will be taken as 0.8 m/sec.

3.2 RISING MAIN DESIGN

This is the main pipe whereby water is pumped from the service reservoir. The topography of the
estate is well levelled but water should be pumped to an elevated reservoir in the Estate, which will
later supply the whole estate by gravity. Therefore, energy has to be provided to the water to enable it
to be lifted from the source to the elevated reservoir.

The rising main is designed to convey a flow of 10.83 L/sec at the ultimate stage considering a
pumping of 24 hours per day

3.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The rising main will have the following characteristics:

1. It should have a length of 580 m with a discharge of 10.38L/sec and having an average
velocity of 0.8m/sec.
2. The diameter of the main pipe is determined to be 100mm using Cole Brook’s White
monogram. Chart (see Appendix 3).

3.4 SURVEY AND SURVEY DATA PRODUCTION

The actual survey of the area was done with the participation of all the group members. Mainly due to
determination and establishment of the elevation of the reservoir from the service reservoir. This
assists in determination of head, pipe size and pump size required. The actual ground along the
pipeline was also obtained using the chainage, which runs from 0.0m to 580m. A temporary
benchmark (TBM) of 1677.3m above sea level was used at the service reservoir hence other levels
were computed based on this level. The reduced ground level is obtained using the rise and fall
method. The collected survey data together with the calculated reduced level is shown below.

13
SURVEY TABLE

BS IS FS HEIGHT OF REDUCED CHAINAGE REMARK

COLLIMATION LEVEL

0.615 1677.30 0+00 BM1677.3

1.354 1676.561 0+20

1.360 1676.555 0+40

1.400 1676.515 0+60

1.450 1676.465 0+80

1.420 1676.495 0+100

1.285 1676.935 1676.63 0+120 C.P

1.350 1675.585 0+140

1.485 1675.45 0+160

1.238 1675.697 0+180

1.438 1675.497 0+200

0.399 1.377 1675.959 1675.558 0+220 C.P

1.391 1675.566 0+240

1.630 1674.327 0+260

1.605 1674.352 0+280

0.359 1.377 1674.939 1674.58 0+300 C.P

1.250 1673.689 0+320

1.405 1673.534 0+340

1.333 1673.606 0+360

1.278 1673.661 0+380

0.798 1.113 1674.624 1673.826 0+400 C.P

1.211 1673.413 0+420

1.381 1673.243 0+440

1.404 1673.22 0+460

14
 1.325 1673.299 0+480

1.623 1673.001 0+500

1.532 1673.092 0+520

0.677 1.098 1674.203 1673.526 0+540 C.P

1.344 1672.859 0+560

1.256 1672.947 0+580 ELEVATE

D TANK

3.5 FRICTIONAL LOSSES AND PIPE SELECTION

All unavoidable frictional losses along the pipeline for the total length was determined using Cole
Brook’s White monogram for PVC pipe for a flow of 10.83L/sec and a velocity of flow 0.8m/sec. The
total frictional head losses were found to be 1.449m for total 580m of PVC pipe.

It’s calculated below

Hf=fl/d . v2/2g

Q=AV

A=Q/V

∏D2=6.71 × 10-3

D=0.092

0.36×0.0326= 1.449

3.6 FITTINGS, PLACING AND ANCHORAGE

To have effective, efficient and appropriate functioning of this main line that caries water from the
service reservoir, various fittings should be put in place.

These include:

1. Sluice valves: - These are fitted at high points to allow full flow in the pipes and air
release.
2. Wash outs: - These are valves which are placed on a depression for the purpose of
cleaning the pipelines when need arises.

15
 3. Anchorage: - This is important in protecting any unwanted pressure within the pipe.
The right position of anchorages is on bends or slope which changes abruptly. These
anchorages are referred to as thrust blocks.

3.7 HYDRAULIC CALCULATION

In the design work, hydraulic calculations should be done with great consideration of the suction head,
the elevation difference between the pump and the elevated tank, the frictional losses due to the nature
of the pipe material.

Hence, for a discharge of 10.83L/sec and a velocity of 0.8m/sec, a main line of 92mm internal
diameter will be considered. A distance of 580 m from the service reservoir to the storage tank was
used to calculate the total frictional losses in the PVC pipe and the tank elevation for determining the
frictional losses in the G1 pipe.

Total Static head 14.675m

Total frictional losses for the PVC 4.29m

Residual head 2m

Total head required without the consideration of Water Hammer 20.565m

3.8 WATER HAMMER

Water hammer is a phenomenon, which is caused by an abrupt closing or opening of a valve or abrupt
stopping or starting of pumps. Generally, the maximum water hammer can be calculated as:

WH= ± Celerity x velocity

Gravity

The valves of celerity and the factor used to calculate the water hammer are provided at the back of
this report.

NB

These are values of pipes with 0.9 MPa and internal diameter of 92mm. As a result, we adopt
≤160mm nominal outside diameter.

WH= ± µV

Where V – velocity

16
 µ - factor

Therefore, the head required including water hammer is 81.165m. This means that it is safe to use
PVC class C of 90m.

The operator of the tank should be careful enough while closing or opening of the valve or starting or
stopping of the pump.

Time required when closing or opening the valve should be:

T = 2L

Where T= time required to close or open the valve.

L= total length of the pipeline.

C= Celerity of the pressure wave.

Therefore, the operator should take a minimum of 3 seconds while opening or closing a valve and
while starting or stopping of the pump.

3.9 NUMBER OF PIPES REQUIRED

For the distance given, the total number of pipes required depends on the length of the individual
pipes. Therefore, mathematically the total number of pipes can be obtained as follows:

Number of total pipes required = distance of pipeline = 580

Length of one pipe 6
=96 pipes

One additional GI pipe of diameter 100mm is also required for the purpose of delivering water to the
elevated tank in the estate. Hence the total number of pipes required is 100 PVC pipe of diameter
100mm and 1 GI pipe of diameter 100mm.

3.10 PUMPING UNIT

The pumping unit required is determined by the amount of water to be pumped and head involved.
Therefore, the pump to be selected should meet a duty of 10.83L/sec against a meter head of 20.565m.

In addition to these duties of the pump, the following pump performance characteristics parameters or
factors governing selection of pumps should be considered:

- Cost of buying of the pump

- Types of power availability

17
 - Total system head
- Discharge head condition e.t.c

3.11 POWER REQUIREMENTS

To determine the pump power requirements, the pump duty i.e. capacity and head at any given speed
of pump should be known. In our case, we have a discharge of 10.83 L/sec against a meter head of
20.565m.

Mathematical expression of determining pump power requirements:

Pump power requirement P(kw) = pump water power

Overall efficiency

Where Pump water power = Q (litres/s) X H (meters) = 1.08kw

101.97
Over-all efficiency = µXµ

Where – µ = pump efficiency

µ = prime mover efficiency

Therefore, pump power requirement P (kW) = pump water power

Overall efficiency
= 1.44kW

18
 CHAPTER FOUR

4. STORAGE TANK

So as to minimize power consumption, the tank is elevated so as to utilize gravitational force in

distribution of water to the residents for the whole day consumption. For this reason the storage tank is
elevated at 5m. This head helps us to deliver water up to the ceilings of the individual houses for different
purposes. To observe this hourly variation in demand and supply a storage tank of reasonable capacity was
designed using analytical method.

TIME % HOURL CUMMU CONSTA CUMMUL EXCESS EXCESS

AVERA Y LATIVE NT ATIVE DEMAND SUPPLY
GE DEMAN DEMAND PUMPIN SUPPLY X X 104 X104Litres
HOURL D X 104 X 104 G 103 Litres Litres
Y litres Litres X 104
DEMAN Litres
DX
104m3
0-1 15 0.2899 0.2899 1.9325 1.9325 - 1.6426
1-2 15 0.2899 0.5798 1.9325 3.865 - 3.28
2-3 15 0.2899 0.8697 1.9325 5.7975 - 4.9278
3-4 20 0.3865 1.2562 1.9325 7.73 - 6.4738
4-5 25 0.4831 1.7393 1.9325 9.6625 - 7.9232
5-6 40 0.773 2.5123 1.9325 11.5925 - 9.08
6-7 80 1.546 4.0583 1.9325 13.5275 - 9.4692
7-8 120 2.319 6.3773 1.9325 15.46 - 9.0827
8-9 180 3.4785 9.8558 1.9325 17.3925 - 7.5367
9-10 220 4.2515 14.1073 1.9325 19.325 - 5.2177
10-11 220 4.2515 18.3588 1.9325 21.2575 - 2.8987
11-12 150 2.8988 21.2576 1.9325 23.19 - 1.9324
12-13 100 1.9325 23.1901 1.9325 25.1225 - 1.9324
13-14 80 1.546 24.7361 1.9325 27.055 - 2.3189
14-15 60 1.1595 25.8956 1.9325 28.9875 - 3.0919
15-16 110 2.1258 28.6214 1.9325 30.92 - 2.2986
16-17 150 2.8988 30.9202 1.9325 32.8525 - 1.9323
17-18 180 3.4785 34.3987 1.9325 34.785 - 0.3863
18-19 180 3.4785 37.8772 1.9325 36.7175 1.1597 -
19-20 160 3.0920 40.9692 1.9325 38.65 2.3192 -
20-21 140 2.7055 43.6747 1.9325 40.5825 3.0922 -
21-22 80 1.546 45.2207 1.9325 42.515 2.7057 -
22-23 45 0.8696 46.0903 1.9325 44.4475 1.9323 -
23-24 15 0.2899 46.3802 1.9325 46.38 0 -

Capacity of storage = Maximum Excess Demand + Maximum Excess Supply

= 3.092 + 9.4692

=12.5612 × 10^4 litres = 125.6m3

19
4.1 TANK CAPACITY

The capacity of the balancing storage required as per our design is found to be 35.16m3. However, the
different sizes available in the market are listed in the Ministry of water and irrigation manual.
Therefore, the standard capacities of the Ministry should be used. The standard capacities are 10, 25,
50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 500, 800 and 1200m3. Larger tanks may have capacities as required. As a
result, we have adopted a tank of capacity 50m3.

20
 CHAPTER FIVE

5. COST ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT

5.1 BILL OF QUANTITIES

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNI QUANTI RATE(Ksh) AMOUNT(K

NO. T TY sh)
1 Preliminary work:-
Reconnaissance NO - 5,000.00 5,000.00
Survey Equipment Used NO - 10,000.00 10,000.00
Actual Survey work NO - 15,000.00 15,000.00
Environmental impact NO - 5,000.00 5,000.00
assessment
Designing work NO - 20,000.00 20,000.00
Preparing the whole report - 1 13,000.00 13,000.00

2 EARTHWORK
Excavation of trench
300-600mm for 100mm
diameter main not exceeding M3 350 200.00 70,000.00
1m
depth and back fairly

3 PIPELINE WORK
Provision and transportation of
pipes
100mm diameter UPVC class C M 100 200.00 20,000.00
100mm diameter GI class B NO 1 7500.00 7,500.00

4 VALVE CHAMBERS
Excavate of 200mm
By 200mm trench not M3 2 2000.00 4000.00
exceeding 700mm

PUMPING UNIT
5 Surface pump which can work
against a head of 19.565m and a
discharge of 6.51l/sec, all
fittings, accessories and NO 1 600,000 600,000
installation cost(all inclusive)

STORAGE TANK - 2 900,000 1,800,000

6 Steel storage tank of capacity
50m3 (all inclusive)

CONCRETE
7 Provision of mass concrete for
the tower of the tank (all - 1 25,000 25,000
inclusive)

21
Sub-total 2,594,500

Allow 25% of the sub-total for 648,625

contractor’s overheads and
project

Grand Total 3,243,125

22
RECOMENDATION

This project report has stated many of the challenges that the residents of KMA estate have
been facing.

As a result, the implementation of this project is not only solving their water shortage but also
contributing to the improvements of their economy and living standards.

Therefore, I recommend that the project have to be completed and implemented at the
beginning of 2016 as per the design period of the project used in the population projection.

23
CONCLUSION

This project is a water supply project in KMA estate. The project was carried out after we had
investigated the water shortage problem and its impact on the residents of the estate. However,
there is an existing water supply; the residents are still facing a very serious water shortage
problem.

There is a great deal of energy, time and human resource being wasted in search of water from
other estates and places a bit far from this estate. For this reason, we came up with supplying
water to the estate from a nearby borehole.

All the factors to be considered before the actual supply of water have extensively been studied
and a total amount of ksh.3, 243,125 is required for the completion of the whole work.

24
APPENDIX 1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Design Manual for Ministry of Water and Irrigation for Water supply services in Kenya.
2. Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement, Second Edition by THOMAS
TELFORD, LONDON, 1985.

25