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TERM PROJECT of Hydrology Using HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS
TERM PROJECT of Hydrology Using HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS
JONATHAN WIJAYA
2021315135
1.1. Site Investigation
1.1.1. Basin Properties
Songra basin is divided into 5 subbasin and each has their own properties,
such as subbasin area, rainfall amount and distribution, soil type, land
cover, unit hydrograph properties, and baseflow properties. The total
area of Songra basin is 7.08 km2 and it is divided approximately based on
the image scale. The location of Songra basin and its subbasin is presented
in Figure 1.
Rainfall amount and distribution used the IDF curve of Suwon Rainfall
Station and Huff 3 distribution, respectively. All the subbasin used the
same Rainfall distribution and station, and those value can be seen in
Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.
Every subbasin has each own characteristic of soil type and land cover.
The map and percentages are presented in Figure 2 and Table 3,
respectively, and the Curve Number (CN) value for every configuration of
soil type and land cover can be seen in Table 4. The data of unit
hydrograph and baseflow properties were given and it is shown in Table
5.
Property Baseflow
Clark (hr) (hr) Initial 0.059 (㎥/s)
Sub-basin Time of Concentration Cofficient Recession 0.79
SR01 0.4 0.57 Ratio 0.1
SR02 0.3 0.43
SR03 0.3 0.42
SR04 0.15 0.21
SR05 0.35 0.5
Table 5. Subbasin properties
100 5
10
Rainfall Depth (mm)
200 20
30
300
50
70
400
80
500 100
200
600
Suwon 24hr
30yr 345.2 mm
50yr 376.9 mm
80yr 405.8 mm
100yr 419.5 mm
Table 9. Suwon rainfall amount for 4 return period in 24 hr duration
Hour Hour (%) Cummulative Incremental Hour Hour (%) Cummulative Incremental
1 4.17 0.16 0.16 13 54.17 45.50 8.05
2 8.33 1.26 1.10 14 58.33 54.21 8.71
3 12.50 3.33 2.07 15 62.50 63.19 8.98
4 16.67 5.55 2.22 16 66.67 71.94 8.75
5 20.83 7.75 2.20 17 70.83 79.97 8.03
6 25.00 10.00 2.25 18 75.00 86.77 6.80
7 29.17 12.51 2.51 19 79.17 91.97 5.20
8 33.33 15.58 3.07 20 83.33 95.37 3.40
9 37.50 19.45 3.87 21 87.50 97.08 1.71
10 41.67 24.33 4.88 22 91.67 97.60 0.52
11 45.83 30.34 6.01 23 95.83 97.99 0.39
12 50.00 37.45 7.11 24 100.00 100.00 2.01
Table 10. Huff 3rd distribution value
Huff 3rd Distribution
100.00
Ratio % % % n
Songra-river Gravel Sand Silt composite
0.000~0.940 47 53 0 0.025875
0.940~2.325 41 58 1 0.024925
2.325~3.000 47 52 1 0.025675
Table 12. Manning's n value along the river
2.1. Model Simulation and Result
2.1.1. HEC-HMS
In this section, all the data for basin properties that is given and calculated
are inputted into the HEC-HMS 4.8. There are 4 types of return period in
determining the rainfall amount with the same rainfall duration at 24 hr.
Hence, there are 4 different meteorological data for each rainfall design.
From the experience of the author using HEC-HMS version 4.4 and above,
the rainfall amount in the meteorological data will disappeared if there
are more than one meteorological data. Therefore, the value of rainfall
amount is not presented in the program files and only the result that can
be seen. The subbasin’s properties such as subbasin area, Loss properties,
Unit hydrograph properties, and baseflow properties can be seen in
Figure 5 and the incremental percentage of rainfall distribution can be
seen in Figure 6.
The simulation was run, and the result for each return period and each
subbasin is shown in Figure 7. These values will be used as an input data
in HEC-RAS simulation or modelling.
WS 100 yr
WS 80 yr
20
WS 50 yr
WS 30 yr
Elevation (m)
15 Ground
10
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Figure 10. Songra river water profile for each return period
2.6400 WS 50 yr
2.440
2.5400
2.4560 WS 80 yr
2.3250
2.2250 WS 100 yr
2.1250
2.0250 Ground
1.9250
1.8300
1.7160
Bank Sta
1.6300
1.4250
1.3400
1.2330
1.1285
1.0400
0.9400
0.8250
0.7200
0.6550
0.5200
0.4150
0.3100
0.2050
0.1000
Songra Songra
2.5 Legend
Hydr Depth R 50 yr
Hydr Depth C 30 yr
Hydr Depth L 50 yr
Hydr Depth L 30 yr
0.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Main Channel Distance (m)
Elevation (m)
WS 80 yr 11.0 WS 80 yr
14.0
WS 50 yr 10.5 WS 50 yr
13.5
WS 30 yr WS 30 yr
10.0
13.0
Ground Ground
12.5 9.5
Bank Sta Bank Sta
12.0 9.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (m) Station (m)
Elevation (m)
WS 80 yr WS 80 yr
10.0 7
9.5 WS 50 yr WS 50 yr
9.0 WS 30 yr 6 WS 30 yr
8.5 Ground Ground
5
8.0 Bank Sta Bank Sta
7.5 4
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (m) Station (m)
8 WS 100 yr 7 WS 100 yr
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)
WS 80 yr 6 WS 80 yr
7
WS 50 yr 5 WS 50 yr
6 WS 30 yr WS 30 yr
4
5 Ground Ground
3
Bank Sta Bank Sta
4 2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (m) Station (m)
6 WS 50 yr 6 WS 50 yr
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)
WS 100 yr 5 WS 100 yr
5
WS 80 yr 4 WS 80 yr
4 WS 30 yr WS 30 yr
3
3 Ground Ground
2
Bank Sta Bank Sta
2 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (m) Station (m)
There are some risk factors that might be happened if the flow is
concentrated into the riverbed. First, the water depth at the riverbed will
be increased and it might be overflowing to the banks. Second, there are
5 bridges along the river that might be affected by the increased of water
depth, such as the water might overflowing to the bridges, and it will
eventually destroy the bridges. Last, the overflowing of water flow might
be happened at the downstream part of the river (not sustainable). The
factor risk is described in Figure 16.
Figure 16. Factor risk around the bridges along the Songra river
3.1. Flood Prevention
3.1.1. Levees Suggestion
Levees are one of an option to reach the main management target, where
it can help the water from spreading into the banks and keep the flow
pathway in the riverbed. The levees are placed at both bank stations (left
and right) with the height of 1 m from the banks ground. The example of
cross-sections with levees and all the levees information are shown in
Figure 17 and Table 13, respectively.
Songra_river Plan: Songra_river Plan: Leeve2_songra 13/12/2021
6 Ground 9 Ground
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)
Levee 8 Levee
5
Bank Sta 7 Bank Sta
4
6
3 5
2 4
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (m) Station (m)
Levee Data
River Left Left Right Right River Left Right Right
No. No. Left Sta
Station Sta Elev Sta Elev Station Elev Sta Elev
1 2.7400 38.6 21.4 50.9 20.60 14 1.1235 28.42 9.1 44.62 9.12
2 2.6400 32.0 22.1 49.2 19.20 15 1.0400 41.06 9.7 60.99 9.65
3 2.5400 39.0 18.1 49.2 18.00 16 0.9400 33.27 9.1 61.68 9.35
4 2.4560 21.6 17.5 32.6 17.50 17 0.8250 39.96 9.0 65.14 9.15
5 2.4400 41.0 17.8 51.5 17.80 18 0.7200 31.11 8.8 59.17 8.86
6 2.3250 43.2 16.5 62.7 19.20 19 0.6550 42.91 8.7 68.05 8.78
7 2.2250 47.5 15.5 58.2 15.90 20 0.6150 36.37 8.6 61.33 8.70
8 2.1250 39.0 15.3 52.6 14.90 21 0.5200 35.18 8.5 59.89 8.53
9 2.0250 45.1 14.0 56.3 14.00 22 0.4720 41.44 6.9 57.03 6.85
10 1.9250 28.3 13.1 40.2 13.20 23 0.4660 41.44 6.9 57.03 6.85
11 1.8300 40.5 12.6 51.4 12.50 24 0.4150 42.95 6.9 58.32 7.63
12 1.6300 42.3 11.8 53.9 11.70 25 0.3100 41.63 6.7 57.63 7.35
13 1.1285 28.4 9.12 44.6 9.12 26 0.2050 39.13 6.7 60.48 6.98
Table 13. Levee data along the Songra river
Hydr Depth C 30 yr
2.0 Hydr Depth R 30 yr
Hydr Depth L 30 yr
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Main Channel Distance (m)
After the second model is run, all the cross-sections do not have any flood
risk, but there is a risk of the bridge at river station (RS) 0.469 that might
be destroyed by the flow of the flood. The water is not flowing over the
bridge but the capacity of the river at that cross-section has been full. The
3D profile of the bridge is shown in Figure 19.
Songra_river Plan: Leeve2_songra 13/12/2021
Legend
WS 30 yr
WS 50 yr
0.5200 WS 80 yr
WS 100 yr
0.4720
0.4660
Ground
Levee
Bank Sta