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Chem 329 Spring 2023 Dorris Lecture 15 Systematic Treatment For Students
Chem 329 Spring 2023 Dorris Lecture 15 Systematic Treatment For Students
Equilibrium Problem
Lecture 14
Use for Use for
Wednesday,
• Higher Concentrations • Interlocking Equilibria
• One Equilibrium • (concs too low to make assumptions)
March 22, 2023
Makes Assumptions No Assumptions Systematic
SCF/ICE Tables
Systematic
Treatment of
Equilibria
treatment of
equilibria
Lecture Outline
Motivating Examples:
S 1E-8 0 0
Makes Assumptions No Assumptions
C -1E-8 +1E-8 +1E-8
Systematic F 0 1E-8 1E-8
SCF/ICE Tables Treatment of
Equilibria
pH ≠ 8.0
Because
[𝐻+ ]𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐻𝐶𝑙 ≫ [𝐻 + ]𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Charge Balance- from Monday
“Systematic Treatment”
𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂 ⇌ 𝐻3 𝑂+ + 𝑂𝐻 −
The charge balance is a property of the solution (not any individual reaction
or component)
My advice:
• Use the chemical reactions to identify all
the versions of a
molecule/ion/functional group
• Try to represent known absolute
concentrations if you can
• Try to represent relative concentrations
if you can
• Make as many of these equations as
you can
Mass Balance- Example with known concentration
Also
[Na+]=0.0538 M
Mass Balance- Example with indeterminate concs
Lavenia let solid mercury(I) azide dissolve to equilibrium in water.
1)Write out the pertinent rxns (even I can’t skip this step and figure this one out)
Based on this
reaction, we know 𝐻𝑔2 (𝑁3 )2 ⇌ 𝐻𝑔22+ + 2𝑁3− 𝑝𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 9.15
that the + −
concentration of azide 𝐻𝑁3 ⇌ 𝐻 + 𝑁3 𝑝𝐾𝑎 = 4.65
will be twice as high
as the concentration
of the mercury(I) 2[𝐻𝑔22+ ] = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑧𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
dimers
Mass Balance- Example with indeterminate concs
Lavenia let solid mercury(I) azide dissolve to equilibrium in water.
1)Write out the pertinent rxns (even I can’t skip this step and figure this one out)
1)Write out the pertinent rxns (even I can’t skip this step and figure this one out)
2+ −
𝐻𝑔2 (𝑁3 )2 ⇌ 𝐻𝑔2 + 2𝑁3 𝑝𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 9.15
𝐻𝑁3 ⇌ 𝐻+ + 𝑁3− 𝑝𝐾𝑎 = 4.65
2+ −
MB: 2[𝐻𝑔2 ] = 𝑁3 + [𝐻𝑁3 ]
Mass Balance- Example with indeterminate concs
Lavenia let solid mercury(I) azide dissolve to equilibrium in water.
1)Write out the pertinent rxns (even I can’t skip this step and figure this one out)
2+ −
𝐻𝑔2 (𝑁3 )2 ⇌ 𝐻𝑔2 + 2𝑁3 𝑝𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 9.15
𝐻𝑁3 ⇌ 𝐻+ + 𝑁3− 𝑝𝐾𝑎 = 4.65
2[𝐻𝑔22+ ] = 𝑁3− + [𝐻𝑁3 ]
If we wanted to account for mercury atoms individually, we would need to double this term
again
Example question- work in groups
What is the concentration of AgCl2- when 0.1699 g AgNO3 is dissolved in 100. mL of 0.100
M HCl?
Set up the series of equations but do not solve this system.
Account for activity in this analysis