ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES

Pasay City, Philippines

SCHOOL OF MARITIME AFFAIRS

Department of MARINE ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT NO. 3

Electrical Instruments

Course Code: MES333L3

Course Title: MARINE ENGINEERING SKILLS

Submitted by:

ALDOUS N. BERCASIO

Course, Year, Section

BSMARE 33 A2

TESTING AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

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 I. OBJECTIVES:
Given the knowledge learned from the lesson, the student shall be able to
describe the operating principle of instruments used on board ships.

II. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Ballpen
Paper
Research resources (internet, books, etc)

III. ACTIVITIES:

A. Thermograph
a. From UPDATED_CO2 (LAB) ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS AND
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, find the link for the Thermograph Instruments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYDItn-VQ3o and answer the following:

i. DEFINE PHASE SEQUENCE INDICATOR

In a three-phase electrical system, a phase sequence indicator indicates the right order of phases. It is critical
for the proper operation of machinery, as a wrong sequence can result in damage or inefficiency. Handheld
devices that examine the order of phases in a three-phase electrical system are known as phase sequence
indicators. They use probes to connect to the system and display the sequence using LEDs or a display. This
assists electricians in ensuring proper equipment installation and functioning.

ii. WHAT IS THE INFRARED SPECTRUM?

The infrared spectrum is the electromagnetic radiation region between visible light and microwaves. It is
identified using specialist equipment such as infrared cameras. These cameras detect thermal energy emitted
by objects and produce visible images of temperature distribution. Near-infrared, short-wavelength infrared,
mid-wavelength infrared, long-wavelength infrared, and far-infrared are the sections of the infrared spectrum.
Electrical inspections, building diagnostics, industrial maintenance, medical imaging, and surveillance all
benefit from thermal imaging cameras. They detect temperature variations and provide useful information for
study.

iii. WHAT ARE THE BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THERMAL IMAGING?

Thermal imaging is widely employed in a variety of sectors and applications because it provides useful
insights into temperature fluctuations. Several factors must be considered in order to produce accurate and
dependable findings. Understanding the emissivity of the object, maintaining a proper distance and field of
view, taking into account environmental conditions, and minimizing reflections and obstacles are all critical
considerations in successful thermal imaging. By following these fundamental guidelines, practitioners can
improve the accuracy and effectiveness of thermal imaging for a variety of applications such as electrical
inspections, building diagnostics, industrial maintenance, medical imaging, and more.

iv. ENUMERATE THE BASIC PROCEDURE IN TESTING USING THERMAL IMAGING.

1. Preparation:
It is critical to ensure that the thermal imaging camera is calibrated and properly set up before beginning the
testing process. This includes ensuring that the camera is in good working order and that the battery is fully
charged. Calibration enables precise temperature readings and consistent outcomes.
2. Target Selection:

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 Using thermal imaging, identify the exact areas or items to be tested. Define the aim of the test, such as
detecting abnormalities, evaluating thermal performance, or monitoring temperature distribution. This stage
assists in focusing the testing procedure and obtaining important data.
3. Capture an image:
Capture photographs or movies of the target area or object with the thermal imaging camera. To collect
accurate and useful thermal data, consider parameters such as distance, angle, and field of view. For accurate
photographs, proper posture and framing are required.
4. Observation and interpretation:
Examine the thermal photos or movies that were recorded carefully. Look for temperature changes,
abnormalities, or hotspots that could signal possible problems or areas of interest. To evaluate the
performance or compliance of the target object or system, compare the thermal data to reference values or
standards, if appropriate.
5. Follow-up and reporting:
Document the thermal imaging test results, including thermal images, measurements, and any pertinent
observations. Produce thorough reports that summarize the analysis's conclusions, interpretations, and
recommended actions. If abnormalities or issues are discovered, take the necessary remedial actions to rectify
them as soon as possible.

v. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HOT SPOTS?

Hot spots in thermal imaging can be caused by a variety of circumstances, including overloaded or
imbalanced circuits, bad electrical connections, malfunctioning components, insulation breakdown,
anomalous resistance, and thermal inefficiencies. Identifying and correcting these causes through regular
inspections and maintenance is critical to ensuring the safety, dependability, and efficiency of electrical
systems. Potential equipment failures, electrical fires, and accidents can be avoided by detecting hot spots
early and adopting suitable corrective procedures, so contributing to the overall integrity of electrical
installations.

vi. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT?

Understanding phase sequence, the infrared spectrum, basic thermal imaging concerns, the testing technique,
and hot spot causes is critical for guaranteeing the accuracy, dependability, and safety of electrical systems.
By taking these elements into account, practitioners can use thermal imaging technology to effectively
identify possible faults, make educated decisions, and take appropriate corrective actions, thereby increasing
the overall performance and longevity of electrical installations.

B. Phase Sequence tester

a. From UPDATED_CO2 (LAB) ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS AND
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, find the link for the Phase Sequence
Instruments https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHQMJmrYQAQ and answer
the following:
i. DEFINE PHASE SEQUENCE INDICATOR

A phase sequence indicator is a handheld device used by electricians to determine the right phase order in a
three-phase electrical system. Its major goal is to prevent damage and inefficiency by guaranteeing proper
electrical equipment installation and operation.

ii. WHAT IS PHASE SEQUENCE?

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 As previously stated, phase sequence indicators are devices used to determine the phase
sequence in a three-phase system. They provide a quick and dependable way for
determining the proper phase order, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of electrical
equipment.The order in which the three phases (R, Y, B or L1, L2, L3) of a three-phase
electrical system are ordered is referred to as the phase sequence. It is critical to maintain
the precise phase sequence for proper motor rotation, control circuit operation, and overall
system functionality.
iii. ENUMERATE THE BASIC PROCEDURE IN TESTING THE PHASE SEQUENCE.
1. PREPARATION:

 Ascertain that the electrical system has been de-energized and is in a safe state for testing.
 Determine which three-phase conductors or terminals must be examined.

2. PHASE SEQUENCE INDICATOR CONNECTION:

 Using the appropriate probes or leads, connect the phase sequence indicator to the three-phase
conductors.
 Match the probe colors or labels on the indicator with the correct phases to ensure proper connection.

3. INDICATOR READING:

 Turn on the phase sequence indicator according to the instructions.

 Examine the indicator's reading or indication, which will show the phase sequence information.
 LEDs lit up in the correct sequence (e.g., R-Y-B) or a digital display indicating the phase sequence
(e.g., L1-L2-L3) are common indicators.

4. VERIFY THE CORRECT PHASE SEQUENCE:

 Make sure the indicator displays the phases in the correct order, with no reversals or transpositions.

iv. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT?

The phase sequence indicator is vital because it protects the system from damage and inefficiency, assures
proper motor rotation and control circuit functioning, certifies system performance, and saves time and effort
in electrical installations and maintenance.

C. MegaOhmeter (Megger)
a. From UPDATED_CO2 (LAB) ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS AND
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, find the link for the Insulation Tester
Instruments https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1swsQ05SHfo and answer the
following:

I. Define MegaOhmeter

A Megger, or MegaOhmeter, is a specialist device designed to test high resistance levels in electrical
insulation. It is intended to test the insulation resistance and integrity of cables, wires, motors, transformers,
and other electrical equipment. The MegaOhmeter applies a high voltage to the component being tested and
measures the leakage current, which is used to calculate the insulating resistance.

II. Enumerate the basic procedure in testing the insulation resistance.

1. PREPARATION:

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  Determine that the equipment under test has been de-energized and is disconnected from the power
source.
 Use the essential safety procedures and personal protective equipment.

2. CONNECT THE MEGA OHMETER:

 Connect the MegaOhmeter's positive (red) lead to the conductor or component being examined.
 Connect the ground or reference point to the negative (black) lead.
 For appropriate connection, follow the manufacturer's instructions, as they may differ based on the
exact MegaOhmeter model.

3. SET THE TEST VOLTAGE:

 Based on the insulation system being evaluated, select the appropriate test voltage on the
MegaOhmeter.

4. PERFORM THE TEST:

 To apply the test voltage to the component, turn on the MegaOhmeter.

 Allow enough time for the MegaOhmeter and the insulating resistance reading to stabilize.

5. RECORD THE MEASUREMENT:

 Read and record the MegaOhmeter's insulation resistance value.

 Take note of any extra information the MegaOhmeter provides, such as temperature or humidity
correction.

6. EVALUATE THE RESULTS:

 Check the measured insulation resistance value against the required or reference values.
 Based on the test findings, evaluate the insulation's condition.
 To assess the acceptability of the insulating resistance value, consult appropriate standards or
guidelines.

III. WHY IT IS IMPORTANT?

A MegaOhmeter is essential for maintaining safety, preventive maintenance, regulatory compliance, assessing
equipment performance, and resolving electrical faults. It aids in the detection of insulation defects, the
prevention of failures, and the upkeep of electrical system reliability and integrity.

http://ecelabs.njit.edu/ece449/lab3.php
https://www.aboutmechanics.com/what-is-a-megohmmeter.htm

ASSIGNMENT RUBRICS

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 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
(To be completed by the Instructor)