Benefits of hair perming - A perm has the advantage of adding volume to

the hair; Provides long-lasting curls that look natural.

Types of hair:
a. Coarse hair - a hair type that is thicker and wider in diameter than
average; Hair texture is one of the things that must be considered in
choosing a perm product for the client, more resistant and would
require the use of a stronger perm solution.
b. Fine hair - smaller in diameter; more fragile but easier to process.
Use of plastic cape - provide protection for clothing, capes and salon
chairs; protects clothing from spillage.
The 3 stages of hair perming:
a. Softening - Once the perm lotion is applied, the perm lotion swells
the hair cuticle layers and enters the cortex.
b. Moulding - The perm lotion deposits hydrogen, which attaches itself
to the hair structure's disulfide bonds. The bonds are broken and
become sulfide bonds. Once this happens the hair is in a state to
change to the new shape of the perming rod.
c. Fixing - This is the final stage of the perming process. Once the
processing is complete and the perm lotion has been removed, a
neutralizing product is applied. The neutralizer removes the hydrogen
created during the softening and Moulding stage and adds oxygen.
Time in processing your perm (when you put neutralizer on the hair) -
Once processed, solution is rinsed, and a neutralizer is applied to reform
the hair to the perm tool shape. These early cold wave perms took 6-8
hours to complete. Today's cold waves are called alkaline waves and
normally take 15-30 minutes to process.
Why do clients need to remove all ear, head, and neck accessories
during perming?
a. Chemical Reaction
b. Chemical absorption
c. Interference w/ process
d. Safety
Hair condition - A thorough client consultation is the basis for a successful
hair colouring service.
a. Hair porosity test - strand of loose hair and put it in a glass of water.
If the hair floats at the top then it is low porosity, if it sinks slowly or
settles in the middle it is medium/normal porosity, and if it sinks
straight to the bottom then it is high porosity.
b. Hair elasticity test - Take a strand of hair, hold it at the mid-length or
roots (this will prevent pulling at the roots) and gently stretch the
strand. If hair doesn't fall back into shape, it has too much stretch, or
if it breaks, hair elasticity is low.
Why does a hair technician need to ask about previous chemical
treatment to his/her client's hair? - an opportunity to discover what your
client wants, along with possible contraindications, and achieve the perfect
end result. help you to be aware of any previous issues that have affected
your client.
When not to perm a client's hair? - it is essential to consider the client's
hair type, recent chemical treatments, scalp condition, and overall health
before deciding to perm their hair.
Tools used in hairdressing - hairdressing tools range from scissors,
clippers, combs, brushes, blow dryers, flat irons, curling irons, hair rollers,
spray bottles, and sectioning clips. These tools help hairdressers cut, style,
and manipulate hair to create various hairstyles.
a. Perm rods
b. Blower
c. Tail comb
d. Towel
e. Clamps.
f. Crimpers.
g. Duck bill clamp.
h. Hairpin.
i. Invisible pins.
j. Pin curl clips.
k. Roller pin.
2 types of perm lotions:
 a. Alkaline perm lotion - best suited for normal or resistant hair types.
(9.5 pH)
b. Acid perm lotion - suited to hair that's had previous chemical
services or is compromised from environmental factors. (6-7 pH)
Steps in hair perming:
a. hair perming involves a hair consultation;
b. hair preparation;
c. rod selection;
d. sectioning and wrapping;
e. Processing;
f. neutralizing;
g. conditioning, and styling.
When the perm process is completed, how long will run water over
the hair to rinse the hair thoroughly? - 5 minutes
End papers - can be used during any perm service on the ends of the hair;
made from a fiber material. I can also protect the hair from the heat of the
dryer.
If the client's hair is rough and in poor condition, what perm lotion is
best used to avoid further damage? - Acid perm lotion is gentler and has
a pH value of approximately 6 to 7. (Alkaline perm lotions have a stronger
pH value of approximately 9.5. They use ammonium thioglyocolate, which
can be more damaging if used on the wrong hair texture.)
Spiral wind - creates curls that fall in a spiral-like shape and produces the
coveted corkscrew curl look of naturally curly hair.
Double/twind wind - A technique of winding using two perm rods per
section: the first rod is wound from points to mid length; the second rod is
added and wound together with the first rod from the mid length to the
roots.
Tail comb - known for its long thin handle; used for separating,
straightening, and sectioning the hair for different styling processes.
Development test curls - During a perm, your stylist will unwind one of the
perm rods to check the development of the curl during processing.
After the perming process how many days will you advice the client
before they shampoo their hair? - You can't wash your hair after getting
a perm…at least, not for two to three days after leaving the salon.
Kinds of rods:
a. Flat/straight - Straight rods have the same diameter for the entire
length of the rod. These create uniform curls and waves.
b. Concave - Concave perm rods: The most commonly used perm rods,
concave perm rods measure thinner in the middle and thicker at the
ends.
Color of trash bin to put chemical waste of a salon - “black”
Use of neutralizers - the liquid necessary to “fix” the new wavy shape of
the hair; works to balance unwanted warm tones in the hair, creating an on-
trend cool-toned color.
How will you apply neutralizer to a client’s hair? - after applying the
perm liquid and having thoroughly rinsed it off with warm water, apply the
neutralizer over the entire length of the hair. Wait a few minutes and rinse
repeatedly.
How will you use a towel to make sure that the liquid chemicals you
will be using during the perm will not ruined the client’s hair? -
How frequent can a hair be permed? - The normal time period between
perms is three to four months for short to medium-length hair as long as
hair is trimmed or cut two or three times within this period. Your stylist can
help you make this decision.
Piggyback wind - A piggyback wind is ideal for short and long hair. The
perm is wound on alternate sized rods to create different types of
movement at the root, texture and tightness of curl. The final result is an
even, supporting underneath curl, with unique curls through the top
sections for varied root movement, volume and texture. (uses 3 perm rods).