TWELFTH NIGHT

Essay on unrequited love:

Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is a play that explores the complexities of romantic love,
particularly the pain and frustration of unrequited love. The play's central characters are
all struggling with some form of unrequited love, which creates a sense of longing and
melancholy throughout the play.

One of the most prominent examples of unrequited love in the play is the love that Duke
Orsino has for Countess Olivia. Orsino is deeply in love with Olivia, but she is not
interested in him and has no desire to return his affections. This creates a sense of
frustration and desperation for Orsino, who is unable to move on from his love for
Olivia. He spends much of the play yearning for her, even though he knows that his love
is not reciprocated.

Similarly, Olivia is also struggling with unrequited love, as she is in love with a man
named Cesario (who is actually Viola in disguise). Olivia's love for Cesario is not
returned, however, as Cesario is actually a woman and is not interested in Olivia
romantically. This creates a sense of confusion and misunderstanding for Olivia, who is
unable to understand why Cesario is not interested in her.

Shakespeare employs a number of literary techniques to convey the pain of unrequited

love, such as the use of metaphors. For example, Orsino uses the metaphor of music to
express his love, saying that "if music be the food of love, play on," and continues to
describe how his love is like a never-ending song that he cannot escape from. Overall,
the literary devices used in "Twelfth Night" to represent unrequited love help to convey
the emotional turmoil experienced by characters, highlighting the pain and desperation
that can come with it.

In conclusion, the theme of unrequited love is a central aspect of Shakespeare's Twelfth

Night, creating a sense of longing and melancholy throughout the play. The characters
in the play are all struggling with some form of unrequited love, highlighting the pain
and frustration of loving someone who does not return the feeling.
Essay on disguise/mistaken identity:

Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is a play that explores the complexities of human identity
and the fluidity of gender roles. One of the main themes of the play is disguise and
mistaken identity, which creates a sense of playfulness and humor while also
highlighting the confusion and misunderstandings that can arise when people are not
who they appear to be.

The character of Viola is at the center of this theme, as she disguises herself as a man
named Cesario in order to work for Duke Orsino. This disguise leads to a series of
misunderstandings and mistaken identities, as other characters mistake Viola for a man.
For example, Olivia falls in love with Cesario, not realizing that he is actually Viola in
disguise. This creates a complicated love triangle between Olivia, Orsino, and
Viola/Cesario, as each character is unaware of the others' true identities.

The theme of disguise and mistaken identity is further complicated by the appearance of
Viola's twin brother, Sebastian, who is also mistaken for Cesario. This creates even more
confusion and conflict, as Olivia believes that Sebastian is the man she has fallen in love
with, even though he is not the same person as Cesario. This leads to a series of
humorous and chaotic situations, as the characters struggle to understand who is who
and what is going on.

One of the most prominent literary devices in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is the use of
dramatic irony. Throughout the play, the audience is often frequently aware of facts
that the characters are not, leading to a sense of tension and humor as the plot unfolds.
For example, when Viola disguises herself as Cesario and becomes Duke Orsino's page,
the audience knows that she is actually a woman in love with him, while Orsino remains
unaware of this fact. This creates a sense of irony and adds depth to the characters'
actions and motivations.

In conclusion, Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is a play that explores the theme of disguise
and its many complexities. Through the use of various disguises, the play highlights the
fluidity of identity and the ways in which people can manipulate their appearances to
achieve their goals. The characters in the play use disguise to hide their true identities,
to gain access to people or places they otherwise could not, and to explore their own
desires and fantasies.
 ANIMAL FARM

Essay on allegory:

Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a political allegory that explores the dangers
of totalitarianism and the corrupting influence of power. The novel is set on a farm
where animals overthrow their human owner and establish their own society, which
eventually degenerates into tyranny. Orwell uses allegory to convey his message, using
the animals to represent specific groups of people and the events on the farm to
symbolize historical events.

The main characters in the novel are the pigs, who represent the ruling class in Soviet
Russia. Specifically, Napoleon, the primary antagonist, represents Joseph Stalin, the
Soviet dictator who ruled with an iron fist. Through Napoleon, Orwell shows how those
in power can become corrupted by their own greed and ambition, leading them to
commit atrocities against their own people. For example, Napoleon orders the execution
of animals who speak out against him, just as Stalin did.

The other animals on the farm represent various groups of people in Soviet Russia. For
example, Boxer the horse represents the working class who are exploited by the ruling
class for their labor. Benjamin the donkey represents the intellectuals who are skeptical
of the new regime but do little to resist it. Through these characters, Orwell shows how
totalitarian regimes rely on the exploitation and oppression of certain groups to
maintain their power.

The events on the farm also serve as allegories for historical events in Soviet Russia. For
example, the overthrow of Mr. Jones represents the Russian Revolution, while the Battle
of the Cowshed represents the Russian Civil War. The building of the windmill
represents Stalin's Five Year Plan, which was aimed at modernizing and industrializing
the Soviet economy.

By using animals to represent specific groups of people and events on the farm to
symbolize historical events, Orwell is able to convey his message in a way that is both
accessible and thought-provoking. Through his characters and their actions, he shows
how those in power can become corrupted by their own ambition and greed, leading
them to commit atrocities against their own people.
Essay on comparing Jones to Napoleon:

In George Orwell's Animal Farm, the animals experience two different forms of ruling:
one under the human farmer Jones and the other under the pig Napoleon. Under Jones'
rule, the animals live in miserable conditions and are exploited for their labor. They are
overworked and underfed, and their lives are filled with fear and uncertainty. Jones
represents the oppressive capitalist system that the animals overthrow in the early
stages of the novel.

When Napoleon takes over, things initially improve for the animals. They are given
more food, and their workload is reduced. However, it soon becomes apparent that
Napoleon's rule is just as oppressive as Jones'. He establishes a cult of personality and
becomes increasingly authoritarian, using fear and violence to maintain his power. The
animals are subjected to propaganda and forced to work even harder than they did
under Jones. Napoleon represents the corrupt leadership that often emerges in
revolutionary movements.

One example of symbolism in Animal Farm is the character of Boxer, a hardworking and
loyal horse who is used as a symbol of the working class. Boxer's devotion to the cause of
Animalism is unwavering, and he works tirelessly to help build the new society.
However, when he is injured and no longer able to work, he is sent to be slaughtered.
This represents the way in which the ruling class often discards the working class once
they are no longer useful.

Overall, Orwell uses Animal Farm to illustrate the dangers of totalitarianism and the
importance of maintaining a fair and just society. Through the portrayal of life under
Jones and Napoleon, he shows how power corrupts and how revolutions can go wrong if
those in power become too focused on maintaining their own position. The novel is a
powerful allegory for the political events of its time, but it's themes remain relevant
today.
Essay on how power changed Napoleon:

In George Orwell's "Animal Farm," Napoleon is a pig who takes control of the farm after
overthrowing the previous leaders, Snowball and Mr. Jones. As the story progresses, it
becomes evident that power has a significant impact on Napoleon's behavior and
character.

As Napoleon's power increases, his behavior becomes more corrupt. He starts to

prioritize his own interests over the welfare of the other animals. He hoards resources,
lives in luxury while the other animals work hard, and institutes a system of
punishments and rewards to control their behavior.

A literary device used to highlight the corrupting influence of power is

symbolism/allegory. In the novel, the pigs represent the ruling class, and Napoleon is
the embodiment of their power. His behavior towards the other animals is similar to
that of a dictator, and his constant changes to the rules reflect his desire for absolute
control.

The use of irony is also prominent in the novel. The pigs, who initially lead the rebellion
against their human oppressors, end up becoming the new oppressors themselves. This
is particularly evident in Napoleon's decision to become more and more like the humans
he initially rebelled against, as he starts walking on two legs and wearing clothes.

Napoleon's lust for power ultimately leads to his downfall. He becomes so consumed
with maintaining his control over the farm that he loses sight of the needs of the other
animals. He alienates his supporters, and his leadership becomes increasingly
ineffective. In the end, the other animals realize that Napoleon is no different from their
previous oppressors, and they rise up against him.

In conclusion, power is a central theme in "Animal Farm," and Napoleon's character is a

prime example of how it can corrupt even the most well-intentioned individuals. The
literary devices used in the novel, such as symbolism and irony, serve to emphasize this
theme and make it all the more impactful.
Essay on power:

Animal Farm is a political allegory novel written by George Orwell. The story depicts the
overthrow of human oppression and the rise of animal self-governance. Throughout the
novel, the use of power is central to the story, and Orwell presents various examples of
how it can be used to abuse or inspire characters.

One of the central themes of "Animal Farm" is the abuse of power, which is
demonstrated through the character of Napoleon. Napoleon is a pig who rises to power
after the overthrow of the human owner of the farm. He uses his position of authority to
consolidate his power and maintain control over the other animals. One example of how
he abuses his power is through the use of violence and intimidation. For instance, when
he orders his dogs to attack Snowball, a pig who opposes him, he demonstrates his
willingness to use force to eliminate his opponents.

On the other hand, power can also be used to inspire characters. The character of Old
Major, a pig who initially inspires the animals to revolt against their human oppressors,
is an excellent example of this. Old Major's speech to the animals, where he explains the
tyranny they face under human rule and how they can overthrow it, inspires the animals
to take action. His message encourages them to fight for their rights and achieve their
dreams, showing how power can be used to inspire change and mobilize people towards
a shared goal.

The impact of the abuse of power is crucial to the story of Animal Farm. The abuse of
power by characters like Napoleon leads to a dictatorship and a return to the oppression
that the animals sought to overthrow. This shows the danger of allowing those in power
to become corrupt and use their influence for their benefit, rather than the benefit of the
group as a whole.

One technique used to present the use of power in Animal Farm is the use of allegory.
The animals represent different groups in society, and their actions and beliefs reflect
the political and social issues of their time. For example, the pigs represent the
communist party, and their actions reflect the abuse of power by Stalin during the Soviet
era.

In conclusion, Animal Farm is a powerful and timeless story that explores the dangers of
power and the importance of leadership that values equality and democracy. Through
the examples of characters like Napoleon and Old Major, Orwell shows how power can
be used to inspire or abuse, and the impact of these actions on the group as a whole. The
use of symbolism is an effective technique that highlights the universal themes of the
story and emphasizes the relevance of its message even today.
Essay on inequality:

Animal Farm is a classic allegory written by George Orwell, which explores the theme of
inequality and its impact on a group of animals who rebel against their human farmer.
The novel uses anthropomorphism to create a microcosm of the Russian Revolution,
where the farm animals represent different groups and individuals who played
significant roles in the revolution.

One of the key themes of Animal Farm is inequality, which is presented through the
pigs' rise to power and their exploitation of the other animals. At the beginning of the
novel, all the animals are equal, but as the story progresses, the pigs gradually take over
the farm, using their intelligence and manipulation to justify their authority. The pigs,
led by Napoleon, become increasingly authoritarian and oppressive, while the other
animals are relegated to a subordinate position. This leads to a growing sense of
discontent among the animals, who begin to realize that the pigs are not living up to
their revolutionary ideals.

The impact of inequality is most evident on Boxer, the hardworking and loyal
cart-horse, who represents the working class. Boxer is a symbol of the proletariat, who
are often exploited and oppressed by those in power. Boxer's strength and tireless work
ethic make him indispensable to the farm, but he is also vulnerable to the pigs'
manipulation. Boxer is eventually sold to a glue factory by the pigs, who exploit his
loyalty and hard work for their own gain.

Orwell presents inequality in a powerful and evocative way, using vivid imagery and
allegory to highlight its impact on the individual. He shows how the pigs' manipulation
and abuse of power leads to the suffering and exploitation of the other animals,
especially those who are most vulnerable. Through the character of Boxer, Orwell
illustrates the tragic consequences of inequality, and the importance of standing up
against oppression and injustice. Animal Farm is a powerful critique of totalitarianism
and a call for social justice, reminding us of the importance of equality, justice, and
freedom for all.
Essay on propaganda:

Propaganda is a powerful tool that can be used to manipulate public opinion and
influence people's beliefs and behaviors. In George Orwell's Animal Farm, propaganda
is used both for good and bad purposes, with significant impacts on the characters and
groups involved.

One example of propaganda being used for good in Animal Farm is the spreading of the
idea of animal equality and the need for a revolution to overthrow the human
oppressors. The pigs, led by Napoleon and Snowball, use persuasive language and
powerful imagery to convince the other animals that they are capable of running the
farm themselves and creating a better society. This propaganda inspires the animals to
work hard and believe in the possibility of a brighter future.

However, propaganda is also used for bad purposes in Animal Farm, particularly by the
pigs who take control of the farm. They use propaganda to justify their authoritarian
rule and suppress dissenting voices. The pigs manipulate language to confuse and
deceive the other animals, as they do not know how to read as well as the pigs. They do
this by altering the Seven Commandments to suit their own interests.

The impact of propaganda on the animals in Animal Farm is profound. Those who
believe in the good propaganda are inspired and motivated, while those who fall for the
bad propaganda are manipulated and oppressed. For example, Boxer, the hardworking
horse who believes in the revolution and the ideals of animal equality, is eventually sold
to a glue factory by the pigs when he becomes too weak to work. His fate shows the
devastating consequences of blindly following propaganda without questioning its true
motivations.

Orwell comments on the impact of propaganda in Animal Farm by showing how it can
be both a powerful tool for good and a dangerous weapon for evil. He warns against the
dangers of blindly accepting propaganda and emphasizes the importance of critical
thinking and questioning authority. By portraying the pigs as manipulative and
power-hungry, he shows how propaganda can be used to justify authoritarian rule and
suppress dissent, ultimately leading to oppression.
 POEMS

Childhood Experiences:

My Parents by Stephen Spender:

The persona in the poem remembers a childhood where his parents protected him from
"rough" kids. The poem demonstrates that his parents' desire to shield him from the
ridicule and bullying of these kids is a valid one. But it soon becomes clear that his
parents severely limit his freedom by keeping him away from these kids, who are
probably from a lesser social level than he is. He is also envious of the freedom that
these rough kids enjoy.

Affect: Even in the fear though, there is an admiration of their strength that far
surpasses his own. Nonetheless, they would tease him constantly, mocking his lisp while
pointing reproachfully. The persona seems deeply troubled by their endless torment and
abuse. However, the he is jealous of the rough children's freedom even though his social
class permits him far more privilege than they have.

Device: The persona now states that he feared their 'salt coarse pointing.' This metaphor
directly compares their pointing to the coarseness of salt. The use of coarse continues
the description of the children as rough, but it also gives a tangibility to the ridicule of
the boys. The persona feels their mockery to be coarse and harsh, inflicting a
near-physical abrasion.

Little Boy Crying by Mervyn Morris:

The poem is narrating an interaction between a father and his son, who he has punished
for playing in the rain. The little boy feels somewhat betrayed by his father, and finds no
sign of remorse in him. So, he sees him as an evil figure, likening him to the evil giant
from the fairy tale of Jack and the Beanstalk. In the third stanza though, the poet
introduces the perspective of the father, who evidently cares for his son. The father is
shown to be caring because he feels guilt and remorse when he sees the tears of his son,
but he must teach him a lesson.

Device: He is so angered and frustrated in this moment that he compares his abuser to a
giant, an allusion to the fairy tale Jack and the Beanstalk ('...that grim giant') and hopes
for him to eventually end up just like the giant at the end of the fairy tale, dead.