Formation of Elements

ATOM 2. The core (center) of this cloud will get

- basic unit of an element/matter dense and hot, like when more things rub
- composed of 3 subatomic particles: together.
1) PROTON 3. This ignition is the start of fusion and since
- positive charge the atoms that are fusing (clumping
- found in nucleus together) are hydrogen atoms. This is
2) ELECTRON called HYDROGEN FUSION happening in
- negative charge the core of the cloud.
- found in the outer shell of an atom *Hydrogen atoms farther from the core remain
3) NEUTRON outside the core. Not all hydrogen atoms
- no charge at all are fusing.
- found in nucleus 4. The heated core eventually becomes
*NUCLEUS = middle/center of an atom PLASMA: a soup of electrons and
nucleuses that are not as well-formed,
elec explaining why they aren’t atoms yet.
tron - *Plasma is not considered as an element.
5. Hydrogen atoms will eventually fuse into
+ Helium (He) and this He is now the new
prot core. The surroundings of this He core are
+ on
the previous H, now called H SHELL/H
out
er neu FUSION SHELL.
shel + tron *NUCLEAR FUSION = a process where
l neutrons and protons combine to new
atoms
- 6. Since the remaining hydrogen shell are
also constantly fusing into the He core,
BIG BANG THEORY more He is formed building up. With this He
- explains how the universe began build up, where gravity pulls atoms inward,
- theory that’s currently accepted, theoretically there is also pressure which pushes the H
shell outward causing the size of the star to
GEORGES LEMAITRE get bigger.
- one behind bigbang 7. Steps 1-6 repeats continuously.
- proponent of the primeval super atom 8. Stops at Iron (Fe) as more energy is
hypothesis needed to form other elements.
- the universe began in a single point (called
SINGULARITY) then started to continuously Simple Explanation:
expand even until now

After the bigbang, there are remnant elements

produced: HYDROGEN, HELIUM & LITHIUM

>>> FORMATION OF EARLIEST ELEMENTS

1. There is first a huge cloud of Hydrogen (H)
atoms. As per the law of the universe,
gravity will pull these down together.
 *ATOMIC MASS = weight
*ATOMIC NUMBER = total number or protons
in an element

*In order to make a new heavier element,

protons must be added to an existing atomic
nucleus of an element.

A CYCLOTRON
- a type of particle accelerator
- a device invented and used to form and
https://drive.google.com/file/d/
accelerate protons to hit a target nucleus,
1mUnBb9D1aQucB5XghGAVospcsNldqdQD/
causing an addition to a new element
view?usp=sharing

TRANSURANIC ELEMENTS
>>> FORMATION OF HEAVIER ELEMENTS
- elements synthesized on Earth/made in a
STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS & NUCLEAR
laboratory
FUSION
- written at the bottom of the periodic table of
- two ways to form elements
elements/elements after Uranium (U) - 92
*Neptunium (Np) - Oganesson (Og)/93-118 =
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
heavier elements
- explains how new atomic nucleus are formed
from nucleons preceding from the new ones
*SYNTHESIS = formation

CLASS RECORDING:
>>> SYNTHESIS OF NEW ELEMENTS IN
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GwpAP4ytZjqJf
THE LABORATORY
uW-zm1H10E-d6Vxak2g/view?usp=sharing
DMITRI MENDELEEV
P.s. Di ko alam kung sakin lang pero sabog ata
- created the modern periodic table which was
yung recording kase nag-e-echo yung boses ni
arranged according to atomic mass (weight)
Ma’am sa room T_T Mostly ay maiintindihan
naman tho
HENRY MOSELEY
- created the periodic table we use today
- stated that the periodic table should be
arranged according to their atomic number
- X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
— used to show an element’s chemical
property
— exposed certain elements to electrons
— Moseley noticed that the protons
increases

*An element is identified by its number of

protons because no two elements can have
the same number of protons.