CGEO793 Midterm Review

CGEO793
Midterm Review
Week 2
‘Toronto’ is in the 'Dish with One Spoon Territory’. The Dish with One Spoon is a treaty between
the Anishinaabe, Mississaugas and Haudenosaunee that bound them to share the territory and
protect the land.
Filion and Bunting

- Organized their discussion around 3 things,
1. Sustainability
o The city would last a long period of time
o Social sustainability, having trust in people. We have general confidence that we
can travel safely
o Environmental Sustainability, good air and water quality
2. Unevenness
o Our situations are not equal
o Municipalities don’t have the same conditions
o Different social economic status
3. Uncertainty
o Manufacturing as the major economic activity till 1970s
o Now we have to prepare for multiple jobs
o If you are uncertain about your job status it is hard to make big decisions
6 Properties to Understand the City

1. Production
- In order to have an efficient market you need to locate near to where there is a good
population of people
- It makes more sense to set up market in a city
- Another productive activity that works better in a city is manufacturing
- For manufacturing you need a significant number of workers
- Government activity also works better in a city
- The city as itself is not self-sustainable
- The service sector has increased in the city
o Coffee Shop, Salons,
- Before we used to sell goods, now we sell services
2. Reproduction
- Immigration is necessary to keep work force alive
- Parks and community centers are built to keep humans healthy and relaxed
- Reproduction also consists of schools, hospitals, clinics
3. Proximity
- People want to stay in the city because everything is nearby
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4. Capitalization
- Investment in the city
- Because urban land is a scarce resource, it becomes the object of substantial capital
investment so its use can be maximized
- Capitalization refers to the vast resources invested to accommodate agglomerations of
residents, business, and services
5. Place
- Attachment to the place you live
- Feelings of belonging
6. Governance
- Infrastructure
- Governance denotes the intrinsic need for administrative structures and political
processes that can generate policies suited to the specific circumstances confronting
cities
Before 1945: The Inner City

- 1945, when the World War ended
- Rich people lived with rich people
- Poor lived with poor
- Sorted by ethnicity
Between 1945 and 1975: Metropolitan Development

- Increase in population so the inner city would not be able to accommodate greater
population
- Population increased in 1945 because of the
o Baby Boom, 20 year period where the birth rate was extremely high
- Inner suburbs,
o Scarborough, North York, Etobicoke
After 1975: Suburban Domination

- Outer suburbs. In the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) we have Markham, Richmond Hill,
Vaughan, Brampton, Mississauga etc.
- Gentrification & condominium development in the inner city
- Smart growth
The European Arrival

Fort Rouille (1720 and the Fur-Trade)
- Fort was used as a storage
- Moving the food crossing Lake Ontario back to Europe where they can sell for high price
Colonization 101
- 1787: The Toronto Purchase
o When the British gave the indigenous people something to give them the land
o Indigenous people agreed to share the land, British agreed to get possession of
the land
o Dispossession of Indigenous Peoples and colonization of the land
o Owning the land vs taking care of the land and why the difference between the
two still matters
‘Toronto’ is an Iroquois Word – Week 2 Reading

- “Tkaronto” originally referred to the area around Lake Simcoe, but then came to refer to
a larger region that included the site of present-day Toronto.
Toronto – Week 2 Reading

- The city expanded rapidly with the influx of freed black slaves, Irish escaping the famine
and immigrants from all over the globe. Overcrowding and poor safety regulations
resulted in disease and a series of fires but the coming of the railway coupled with the
huge labour force ensured Toronto's place as a powerful centre of finance
Understanding the 21st Century Urban Structure – Week 2 Reading

- Sustainability
o Policies driven by deepening concern about sustainability have resulted in a
reduction of some pollutants – a trend driven as well by deindustrialization which
has caused the removal of many sources of pollution
- Unevenness
o Pertains to rising inequality both within and between cities
- Uncertainty
o Refers to the instability generated by intensification of economic competition,
which propelled by globalization is a source of increased risk for the numerous
economic sectors facing international competition
Week 3
The Distillery
- Pre-Industrial Phase: Toronto was a service and trade center (1830s-1861)
- Industrial Phase: manufacturing develops, and society sorts itself by class (1870s-1950s)
o Macdonald created a tariff on imported goods so that things weren’t cheaper
- Post-Industrial Phase: manufacturing moves out of the city; globalization and
gentrification (1950s-present)
o It went overseas where cost of labour is cheaper
Urban Change
- Is when the structure of the building changes
- Shifts in:
o Urban form
o Urban function
o Urban meaning
Regent Park
- Public housing is owned by the government, and is given to low income families
- Built in 1950s
Modernism
- The movement was born in Europe in the 1920s
- It was a response to the effects of industrialism on city fabrics
- Modernism aimed at replacing slums with healthy and efficient lower-cost housing
Anti-Modernism
- Mixed-uses are better than mono-use
- Older urban districts are a necessary element in a vibrant city
- High concentrations of people and activities bring life to cities
- She believes places should have mix uses, makes the environment safer
- Area that has a little bit of everything allows people to be there at all times
Regent Park Revitalization

- Is going to be a mix of private and public investment
- New Regent Park is going to have a mx of uses, places of work, rec, living
- All streets are now open now
Intensification – you are increasing the number of housing units, does not say anything about
changing the social picture
Gentrification – process where higher income people are taking over and kicking out low
income people who chose to live in that neighborhood before
Toronto: The Form of the City – Week 3 Reading

- Canadian cities may be described as comprised of 2 zones
o Inner zone consists of older areas of the urban region whose morphology and
forms were in place by the 1950s
o Outer zone developed in recent decades where densities of people and activities
are usually lower and land uses are more segregate and organized around the
automobile
Historicist: The Heart of the City – Week 3 Reading

- the Church of the Holy Trinity’s focus on ministering to an ever-changing urban flock has
regularly put it at the forefront of emerging social issues.
- The church reached out to the homeless and unemployed in the thirties, welcomed
Vietnam War resisters and community activists in the 1960s, incubated sentiment for
urban reform in the in the 1960s and 1970s, and encouraged the city’s nascent gay
community to raise its voice in the 1970s and 1980s
- In the summer of 1845, Bishop John Strachan, head of the Anglican Church in Toronto,
received a letter offering 5,000 pound sterling from an anonymous benefactress for the
purpose of establishing a church
- The mystery surrounding the identity of the church’s anonymous benefactress was
eventually solved decades after the church’s opening. Holy Trinity staff noticed a visitor
from England closely examining the church’s architectural features and engaged him in
conversation. He’d come to visit the church his step-mother had funded, he replied, and
filled in the blanks in the history of the church’s origins. The daughter of a wealthy
English family, Mary Lambert Swale, had followed Bishop Strachan’s work in Toronto
- The real estate projects that once threatened the destruction of the historic church
enabled it to continue its social justice work with the poor—including erecting a
memorial to the homeless who’ve died on the streets of Toronto—and the marginalized,
including an early and active role in supporting the gay community throughout the
1980s and to the present day.
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CGEO793

Filion and Bunting

6 Properties to Understand the City

Before 1945: The Inner City

Between 1945 and 1975: Metropolitan Development

After 1975: Suburban Domination

The European Arrival

‘Toronto’ is an Iroquois Word – Week 2 Reading

Toronto – Week 2 Reading

Understanding the 21st Century Urban Structure – Week 2 Reading

Regent Park Revitalization

Toronto: The Form of the City – Week 3 Reading

Historicist: The Heart of the City – Week 3 Reading

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