Assignment II

1, 6, 13, 15, 18, 22, 29

Adama Science and Technology University

School of Applied Natural Science

Department of Applied Physics

General physics work sheet III for Pre-engineering and Pre-Science students (2021)

1. A 50-kg ball is suspended from a steel wire of length 5 m and radius 2 mm. By how much
does the wire stretch?
2. A 4-kg mass is supported by a steel wire of diameter 0.6 mm and length 1 .2 m. How much
will the wire stretch under this load?
3. A walkway suspended across a hotel lobby is supported at numerous points along its edges
by a vertical cable above each point and a vertical column underneath. The steel cable is 1.27
cm in diameter and is 5.75 m long before loading. The aluminum column is a hollow cylinder
with an inside diameter of 16.14 cm, an outside diameter of 16.24 cm, and an unloaded length
of 3.25 m. When the walkway exerts a load force of 8 500 N on one of the support points,
how much does the point move down?
4. (a) A very powerful vacuum cleaner has a hose 2.86 cm in diameter. With the end of the hose
placed perpendicularly on the flat face of a brick, what is the weight of the heaviest brick that
the cleaner can lift? (b) What If? An octopus uses one sucker of diameter 2.86 cm on each of
the two shells of a clam in an attempt to pull the shells apart. Find the greatest force the
octopus can exert on a clamshell in salt water 32.3 m deep.
5. A large man sits on a four-legged chair with his feet off the floor. The combined mass of the
man and chair is 95.0 kg. If the chair legs are circular and have a radius of 0.5 cm at the
bottom, what pressure does each leg exert on the floor?
6. A container is filled to a depth of 20.0 cm with water. On top of the water floats a 30.0 cm-
thick layer of oil with specific gravity 0.7. What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the
container?
7. Water moves through a constricted pipe in steady, ideal flow. At the lower point shown in
Figure 1, the pressure is 𝑝1 = 1.75 × 104 𝑃𝑎 and the pipe diameter is 6.0 cm. At another point
𝑦 = 0.25 𝑚 higher, the pressure is 𝑝2 = 1.20 × 104 𝑃𝑎 and the pipe diameter is 3.0 cm.

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 Find the speed of flow (a) in the lower section and (b) in the upper section. (c) Find the volume
flow rate through the pipe.

Figure 1

8. The spring of the pressure gauge shown in Figure 2 has a force constant of 1 250 N/m, and
the piston has a diameter of 1.20 cm. As the gauge is lowered into water in a lake, what change
in depth causes the piston to move in by 0.750 cm?

Figure 2

9. A backyard swimming pool with a circular base of diameter 6.00 m is filled to depth 1.50 m.
(a) Find the absolute pressure at the bottom of the pool. (b) Two persons with combined mass
150 kg enter the pool and float quietly there. No water overflows. Find the pressure increase
at the bottom of the pool after they enter the pool and float.
10. Blaise Pascal duplicated Torricelli’s barometer using a red Bordeaux wine, of density 984
kg/m3, as the working liquid (Figure 3). (a) What was the height h of the wine column for
normal atmospheric pressure? (b) Would you expect the vacuum above the column to
be as good as for mercury?

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 Figure 3

11. The pressure on the surface of a lake is atmospheric pressure Pat = 101 kPa. (a) At what depth
is the pressure twice atmospheric pressure? (b) If the pressure at the top of a deep pool of
mercury is Pat' at what depth is the pressure 2Pat?
12. A block of an unknown material weighs 5 N in air and 4.55 N when submerged in water. (a)
What is the density of the material? (b) Of what material is the block made?
13. When a 60-N stone is attached to a spring scale and is submerged in water, the spring scale
reads 40 N. What is the density of the stone?
14. An object has neutral buoyancy when its density equals that of the liquid in which it is
submerged, which means that it neither floats nor sinks. If the average density of an 85-kg
diver is 0.96 kg/L, what mass of lead should be added to give him neutral buoyancy?
15. Water flows at 0.65 m/s through a 3 cm diameter hose. At the end of the hose is a 0.30-cm-
diameter nozzle. (a) At what speed does the water pass through the nozzle? (b) If the pump at
one end of the hose and the nozzle at the other end are at the same height, and if the pressure
at the nozzle is 1 atm, what is the pressure at the pump? Assume laminar nonviscous flow.
16. A vertical spring stretches 3.9 cm when a 10-g object is hung from it. The object is replaced
with a block of mass 25 g that oscillates up and down in simple harmonic motion. Calculate
the period of motion.
17. A spherical steel ball bearing has a diameter of 2.540 cm at 25.00°C. (a) What is its diameter
when its temperature is raised to 100.0°C? (b) What temperature change is required to increase
its volume by 1.00%?

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18. A 50-g ice cube at 0°C is heated until 45 g has become water at 100°C and 5.0 g has become
steam at 100°C. How much energy was added to accomplish the transformation?
19. A 1.00-kg block of aluminum is warmed at atmospheric pressure so that its temperature
increases from 22.0°C to 40.0°C. Find (a) the work done on the aluminum, (b) the energy
added to it by heat, and (c) the change in its internal energy.
20. Pendulum A has a bob of mass MA and a length LA; pendulum B has a bob of mass MB and a
length LB' If the period of A is twice that of B, then show that 𝐿𝐴 = 4𝐿𝐵 .
21. The surface area of an unclothed person is 1.50 m2, and his skin temperature is 33.0°C. The
person is located in a dark room with a temperature of 20.0°C, and the emissivity of the skin
is 𝑒 = 0.95. (a) At what rate is energy radiated by the body? (b) What is the significance of
the sign of your answer?
22. Convert the following temperatures to their values on the Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales: (a)
the sublimation point of dry ice, −78.5𝑜 𝐶; (b) human body temperature, 37.0𝑜 𝐶.
23. A 1.5-kg object oscillates with simple harmonic motion on a spring of force constant k = 500
N/m. Its maximum speed is 70 cm /s. (a) what is the total mechanical energy? (b) What is the
amplitude of the oscillation?
24. In an engine, a piston oscillates with simple harmonic motion so that its position varies
according to the expression
𝜋
x = 5.25 cos (2t + )
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where x is in centimeters and t is in seconds. At 𝑡 = 0, find (a) the position of the particle,
(b) its velocity, and (c) its acceleration. Find (d) the period and (e) the amplitude of the
motion.
25. A block–spring system oscillates with an amplitude of 3.50 cm. The spring constant is 250
N/m and the mass of the block is 0.5 kg. Determine (a) the mechanical energy of the system,
(b) the maximum speed of the block, and (c) the maximum acceleration.
26. A simple pendulum with a length of 2.23 m and a mass of 6.74 kg is given an initial speed of
2.06 m/s at its equilibrium position. Assume it undergoes simple harmonic motion. Determine
(a) its period, (b) its total energy, and (c) its maximum angular displacement.
27. A 3-kg object oscillates on a spring with an amplitude of 8 cm. Its maximum acceleration is
3.50 m/s2. Find the total energy.
28. The wave function for a traveling wave on a taut string is (in SI units)
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 𝜋
y(x, t) = 0.35sin(10πt − 3πx + )
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(a) What are the speed and direction of travel of the wave? (b) What is the vertical position
of an element of the string at 𝑡 = 0, 𝑥 = 0.10 𝑚? What are (c) the wavelength and (d) the
frequency of the wave? (e) What is the maximum transverse speed of an element of the
string?
29. A 2-kg object oscillates on a spring of force constant k = 400 N/m. The damping constant has
a value of b = 2.00 kg/s. The system is driven by a sinusoidal force of maximum value 10 N
and angular frequency 𝜔 = 10 rad/ s. (a) what is the amplitude of the oscillations? (b) If the
driving frequency is varied, at what frequency will resonance occur? (c) What is the amplitude
of oscillation at resonance? (d) What is the width of the resonance curve Δ𝜔?
30. Find the speed of light in (a) water, (b) crown glass, and (c) diamond.
31. Figure 4 shows the path of a beam of light through several layers with different indices of
refraction. (a) If 𝜃1 = 30𝑜 , what is the angle 𝜃2 of the emerging beam? (b) What must the
incident angle 𝜃1 be to have total internal reflection at the surface between the medium with
𝑛 = 1.20 and the medium with 𝑛 = 1.00?

Figure 4

32. Three charges are at the corners of an equilateral triangle, as shown in Figure 5. (A) Find the
magnitude and direction of the net electric force on the 8.00 𝜇C charge. (B) Calculate the
electric field at a point midway between the two charges on the x-axis.

Figure 5
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33. Two 2.0g spheres are suspended by 10.0cm-long light strings as shown in Figure 6. A uniform
electric field is applied in the x-direction. If the spheres have charges of |𝑞| = 5 × 10−8 𝐶,
determine the electric field intensity that enables the spheres to be in equilibrium at 𝜃 = 10𝑜 .

Figure 6

34. A thin rod of length ℓ, and uniform charge per unit length λ lies along the 𝑥 axis as shown in
Figure 7. (a) Show that the electric field at P, a distance d from the rod along its perpendicular
bisector, has no 𝑥 component and is given by 𝐸 = 2𝑘𝑒 𝜆𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑜 /𝑑. (b) What If? Using your
result to part (a), show that the field of a rod of infinite length is 𝐸 = 2𝑘𝑒 𝜆/𝑑.

Figure 7

35. Consider a closed triangular box resting within a horizontal electric field of magnitude 𝐸 =
7.80 × 104 𝑁/𝐶 as shown in Figure 8. Calculate the electric flux through (a) the vertical
rectangular surface, (b) the slanted surface, and (c) the entire surface of the box.

Figure 8