TABLE OF CONTENTS

Physical
Energy and Science D
8
Heat
Sequence …............................... 490

LESSON 1
What Is Energy? .............................................. 491

LESSON 2
What Are Potential and Kinetic Energy? ..... 505

LESSON 3
How Does Energy Change Form? ................ 521

Reading a Pie Chart ….............. 529

LESSON 4
What Is Heat Energy? ..................................... 537

How Do Solar-Powered
Cars Work? ..............................… 545

LESSON 5
How Does Thermal Energy Travel? ............... 553

Glassblower ................................ 568

How Can You Build a Solar Oven?........ 572

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

9 Electricity

Main Idea and Details .............. 584

LESSON 1
What Is Electrical Energy? ............................. 585

LESSON 2
How Do Electric Charges Flow? ................... 603

LESSON 3
How Does Electricity Transfer Energy? ......... 621

Electricity Overload ................... 634

Word Problems ……..........…..… 635

Electrician .....……..............……. 642

How Can You Make

a Hidden Alarm? ................................... 646

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sound and 10
Light
om are and ontrast ............ 656

LESSON 1
What Is Sound Energy? .................................. 65

LESSON 2
How Do o nd Waves Travel? ...................... 6 3

naly ing Data .......................... 683

LESSON 3
How Are Sounds Different? ........................... 691

LESSON 4
What Is Light Energy? ..................................... 707

LESSON 5
How Does ig t Travel? .................................. 721

LESSON 6
How Can Information Be Sent? .................... 3

Message Drums ......................... 749

diologist .................................. 56

How an o Ma e Dr ms Tal ? ......... 760

nit Test D ........................................................ 68

v
487
488
 We can get energy from different
sources. Energy can change from one
form to another.

Practice Guide
What Is Energy?

1 • Identifying Energy
• How Does Light Travel?
(Directed Practice)
(Guided Practice)
• Ice Cube Race (Full Practice)
What Are Potential and Kinetic Energy?

2
• Slow or Fast? (Directed Practice)
• Comparing Potential Energy (Guided Practice)
• Elastic Potential Energy (Full Practice)
How Does Energy Change Form?

3 • Changing Energy
• The Domino Effect
(Directed Practice)
(Guided Practice)
• Build A Catapult (Full Practice)
What Is Heat Energy?

4 • Shaking Sand
• Heat and Colors
(Directed Practice)
(Guided Practice)
• What Makes Heat? (Full Practice)
How Does Thermal Energy Travel?
• Warm It Up (Directed Practice)
5 • Observe Convection (Guided Practice)
• Keep It Cool (Full Practice)

STEAM How Can You Build a Solar Oven?

489
 Focus Skill:
Sequence

Sequence is the order in which an event happens

Clue words like first, next, then, and last tell
about the se uence

Energy and You

Did you know that you need energy from
the Sun to run? First plants transform
energy from the Sun into chemical
energy e t you eat the plant changing
the chemical energy into potential energy
Last you start to run The potential energy is
changed to kinetic energy

Apply focus skill: Fill in the graphic organizer to show the sequence.

first

next

last

490
1 What Is Energy?

WARM-UP QUESTION

How are these devices alike?

V O C A B U L A R Y

energy

491
 MATERIALS
Identifying Energy

flashcards

Ask a question: What are some

forms of energy?

1 Look at the ashcards

2 Identify the form of energy you

see on each card

3 Record your data in the table

492
 Card Form of energy

4 Draw a conclusion.
Which energy form helps you see the ob ects around you?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

493
 ENERGY
Energy is the ability to do work or cause a change Energy can change the
temperature of water or change the direction and speed of a baseball The
Sun is Earth s main source of energy It gives off heat and light energy Plants
use energy from the Sun to make their food We use different forms of energy
everyday We use stored energy in gasoline to run the engine of a car When
we eat food we get energy to move and play We hear sound energy that
comes out of a radio

494
Explain How does energy from the Sun affect you?
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

495
 Forms of Energy
Energy can be found in different forms
Light energy sound energy electrical
energy and heat energy are forms
of energy

Light energy is energy that travels away

from its source in straight lines through
space Light can pass through or bounce
off ob ects Light helps us to see ob ects
around us

Sound energy is energy which is made

when ob ects vibrate We can hear sound
when it travels through the air to our ears
We use sound energy when we listen to
music

Electrical energy is caused by movement

of tiny charged particles Electricity is
transported through power lines and
converted into other forms of energy
Light bulbs and toasters run on the
electrical energy

Sequence Write what you think will happen next.

First, I shined a flashlight on a wall and it lit up into a circle. Then I
turned the flashlight to a mirror, and

496
 Kinetic energy is the energy that all
moving ob ects have A moving bike
has kinetic energy A child running has
kinetic energy too

Potential energy is the energy stored

in an ob ect Wood has stored energy
When wood burns the stored energy in it
is released as heat and light energy

Heat energy is the energy that makes

things warm Heat energy moves from
warmer ob ects to cooler ones We use
heat energy to cook food and to warm
our homes

Draw a three
column chart Label
the columns Light
Heat and Sound
List some ob ects
that give off light
heat and make
sound in your home
Share your list

List What are two machines that produce heat in homes?

_____________________________________________________________________________

497
 MATERIALS
How Does Light Travel?
flashlight

clay

Ask a question: How does light

travel?

hole 1 Use the pencil and ruler to draw

puncher
an “X” in the middle of each index
ruler card.

2 Punch a hole in each card where

the “X” is.
pencil

3 index cards 3 Stand the cards up using clay as

seen in the picture. Keep 10cm
distance between each two
cards.

4 Turn off all the lights in the room.

498
5 Shine the ashlight toward the hole of the rst inde card
Observe what happens

6 Move the other cards until the light can pass through the
holes

7 Draw a conclusion.
When did the light pass through all the holes?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

What does this prove about the way light travels?

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

499
 1 Vocabulary
Complete the sentence

is the ability to do work or to cause change

2 Identify
Circle the correct answers

Which of the following is true about light energy?

• It travels in straight lines

• It can pass through some ob ects
• It can bounce off some ob ects
• All of the above

3 Apply
Draw an ob ect that gives off light energy Write about where this
ob ect gets the energy to glow

500
4 Classify
Look at the pictures Write the form of energy it represents in the
blank below each picture

flying disk speaker electric heater

5 Sequence
Write what you think will happen ne t

First the cup with water is placed in a sunny spot

Then

501
 Ice Cube
Race

Energy is the ability to do work or to cause change ou will

nd out how you can change some ice cubes into water
in minutes ou can place the ice bag anywhere inside
or outside the classroom but you must keep it sealed Work
with your group to create a plan and race against the other
groups to see who can melt their ice rst

1 Ask a question.

__________________________________________________________

2 Make a plan.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

502
 ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3 List the materials you will use.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4 Record your observations.

503
 5 Draw a conclusion.
What is the form of energy that helped you to melt the ice
cubes?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

6 Infer
How can you change the water back into ice?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

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504