The document provides information about Guglielmo Marconi and the history of radio communication. It discusses how Marconi conducted early experiments in wireless communication in 1895 and was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions. It also describes Marconi's later work developing shortwave radio, microwave communication, and radar systems. Finally, it outlines Marconi's career and honors, including being named a Senator in Italy and receiving titles of nobility.
The document provides information about Guglielmo Marconi and the history of radio communication. It discusses how Marconi conducted early experiments in wireless communication in 1895 and was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions. It also describes Marconi's later work developing shortwave radio, microwave communication, and radar systems. Finally, it outlines Marconi's career and honors, including being named a Senator in Italy and receiving titles of nobility.
The document provides information about Guglielmo Marconi and the history of radio communication. It discusses how Marconi conducted early experiments in wireless communication in 1895 and was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions. It also describes Marconi's later work developing shortwave radio, microwave communication, and radar systems. Finally, it outlines Marconi's career and honors, including being named a Senator in Italy and receiving titles of nobility.
COMMUNICATION IN GENERAL (BACKGROUND) a. Communication is the passing of information from one person to another. b. Intercommunication is the comprehension of the information being passed Types of communication? I. Sound II. Television III. Data Means of communication? i. Radio ii. Line (fiber) iii. Satellite iv. cellphones RADIO COMMUNICATION Guglielmo Marconi was born at Bologna, Italy, on April 25, 1874, the second son of Giuseppe Marconi, an Italian country gentleman, and Annie Jameson, daughter of Andrew Jameson of Daphne Castle in the County Wexford, Ireland. He was educated privately at Bologna, Florence and Leghorn. Even as a boy he took a keen interest in physical and electrical science and studied the works of Maxwell, Hertz, Righi, Lodge and others. In 1895 he began laboratory experiments at his father’s country estate at Pontecchio where he succeeded in sending wireless signals over a distance of one and a half miles. He has been the recipient of honorary doctorates of several universities and many other international honours and awards, among them the Nobel Prize for Physics, which in 1909 he shared with Professor Karl Braun, the Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts, the John Fritz Medal and the Kelvin Medal. He was decorated by the Tsar of Russia with the Order of St. Anne, the King of Italy created him Commander of the Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus, and awarded him the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy in 1902. Marconi also received the freedom of the City of Rome (1903), and was created Chevalier of the Civil Order of Savoy in 1905. In 1914 he was commissioned in the Italian Army as a Lieutenant being later promoted to Captain, and in 1916 transferred to the Navy in the rank of Commander. He was a member of the Italian Government mission to the United States in 1917 and in 1919 was appointed Italian plenipotentiary delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. He was awarded the Italian Military Medal in 1919 in recognition of his war service. During his war service in Italy he returned to his investigation of short waves, which he had used in his first experiments. After further tests by his collaborators in England, an intensive series of trials was conducted in 1923 between experimental installations at the Poldhu Station and in Marconi’s yacht “Elettra” cruising in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, and this led to the establishment of the beam system for long distance communication. Proposals to use this system as a means of Imperial communications were accepted by the British Government and the first beam station, linking England and Canada, was opened in 1926, other stations being added the following year. In 1931 Marconi began research into the propagation characteristics of still shorter waves, resulting in the opening in 1932 of the world’s first microwave radiotelephone link between the Vatican City and the Pope’s summer residence at Castel Gandolfo. Two years later at Sestri Levante he demonstrated his microwave radio beacon for ship navigation and in 1935, again in Italy, gave a practical demonstration of the principles of radar, the coming of which he had first foretold in a lecture to the American Institute of Radio Engineers in New York in 1922. Many other distinctions of this kind followed. In 1914 he was both created a Senatore in the Italian Senate and app ointed Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in England. He received the hereditary title of Marchese in 1929. In 1905 he married the Hon. Beatrice O’Brien, daughter of the 14th Baron Inchiquin, the marriage being annulled in 1927, in which year he married the Countess Bezzi-Scali of Rome. He had one son and two daughters by his first and one daughter by his second wife. His recreations were hunting, cycling and motoring. Marconi died in Rome on July 20, 1937. TR 2400 HF TRANSCEIVER INTRODUCTION T R 24 0 0 H F I S A N H F ( H I G H F R E Q U E N C Y ) RADIO. THE RADIO CAN BE USED FOR BOTH M O B I L E A N D S T AT I C C O M M U N I C AT I O N . I T PROVIDES RADIO FREQUENCY RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE OF 1.6 MHZ TO 30 MHZ THE SET CAN BE POWERED FROM AC P O W E R S U P P LY O F 1 1 0 V O R 2 2 0 V , F R O M A N I C A D B AT T E R Y P A C K O F 1 4 . 4 V O R 1 2 V O R 2 4 V D C B AT T E R Y. N O R M A L F R E Q U E N C Y H O P P I N G M O D E S O F O P E R AT I O N A R E AVA I L A B L E . T H E TOTA L W E I G H T I S 6 . 5 KG . TECHNICAL DATA Frequency range—1.6 MHz to 30 MHz Frequency increment steps—100 KHz Split frequency capability—transmit and receive Weight with batteries--6.5 kg Weight without a battery—4.2 kg Weight of battery –2.3 kg Modulation—AM—Amplitude Mode USB—Upper side band LSB—Lower side band CW—Continuous wave—lower/upper side Band Antennae—2.7 M whip antenna Dipole antenna Broad band/wide band antenna Keyboard/key pad consists of 16 keys Power requirements—High power 100 watts—vehicle High power – 25 watts--Man pack Low power—5 watts—Man pack Channels—99 DEFINITIONS
A watt is a unit of power. It is the amount
of energy an item needs to function; Wattage, is the amount of power an electric device consumes. Amperage is the rate at which electrons move through the wire. Energy is the ability to do work. DEPLOYMENT The set can be deployed to provide communication as follows ; Mobile –man pack/vehicle /ship COMPONENTS OR PARTS TR 2400 transceiver. Nicole cadmium. Hand set. Carrying frame.. Whip antenna, dipole antenna and wide band or mast antenna Mounting tray. Data terminal (computer). Printer. Power point. BASIC OPERATION Rotary switch –is for switching ON/OFF the radio and also it is used to increasing and decreasing volume. The liquid crystal display – LCD provides a visual facility to indicate operating parameters, messages and alarms. HIGH VSWR-voltage standing wave ratio. This will appear on the LCD during transmission. This will let you know that there is something wrong with your set. HIGH VSWR
High VSWR- once displayed warns that
there something wrong with the radio frequency (RF) system set up. It is a comparison between transmitted energy and reflected in an RF system set up. You did not tune your set. You have selected a wrong antenna. The antenna you are using is fault. Check the power source. * the star on the front panel of the set is for lighting the LCD. Z-The three letters Z on the front panel of the set is used for memory erase. SWITCHING ON Rotate the ON/volume switch clockwise from the OFF position. NOTE- do not press the presell switch whilst switching on the transceiver, as this will initiate the boot loader program. Should the operator press the presell switch during the initializing phase,BPIT( power build in test) will be aborted. The following level display will appear on for approximately five seconds; Initializing. Power on- test busy. Time date/month/year. Then changes to normal reading on the display. FREQUENCY SELECTION There are two (02) ways of selecting a frequency. One, is by using a flashing cursor. Put the flashing cursor over the frequency digits. Scroll up or down to obtain the required frequency or scroll the right or left key. Two, is by typing in the given figures of the frequency. Press frequency key and observe display. Type in the given figures of the frequency e.g. 6.2 MHz. Press enter key to enter the frequency. Press tune key to tune the antenna. MODULATION SELECTION Press MODE key select the required mode pressing the figure 1-LSB, 2-USB, 3-AM, 4- CW/LSB, 5-CW/USB. Press enter. Press enter key again to tune the set. Alternatively modulation mode can be changed by placing the flashing cursor over modulation indicator by using the UP/DOWN keys. POWER SETTING
Press key and observe display.
Select the required power level with the appropriate numerical key; 1-LOW, 2- HIGH. Press ENTER key. Alternatively, power can be selected (changed) by placing the flashing cursor over the power indicator by using UP/DOWN keys. ANTENNA SELECTING AND TUNING
The transceiver is designed to with any
antenna; Whip antenna 2.7m, Dipole antenna. Wide band or broad band. The type can be selected by placing the flashing cursor over the displayed antenna type by scrolling UP/DOWN key. Position the cursor over the antenna symbol In the display. Press or scroll UP/DOWN keys to select keys to select the required antenna. Press TUNE key to tune the selected antenna. display will show TUNNING followed by tuned. FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING Press frequency key. Type in the figures of the frequency. Press ENTER key. Press MODE key followed by the mode required, USB or LSB Press ENTER key. Press FUNCTION key. Press set key Type in the required channel number.eg. 12 Press ENTER key and set key. Press tune key to tune antenna. CHANNEL RECALLING
Press channel key.
Press channel number to be recalled. Press enter. SQUELCH SETTING This is the process of reducing (removing) noise from the ear piece of the handset. Levels are from 0----------9. Place the flashing cursor over the displayed squelch level. Scroll UP/DOWN to obtain the desired squelch level. M—indicates that the radio is muted. Press ENTER key to store the parameter and return to normal operation. To abort squelch, press function, then esc/abort key. TYPES OF TRAFFIC
This type of traffic provides transmission using
normal voice transmission and reception. SECURE VOICE (COMMS SY) This type of traffic provide secure voice transmission and reception. This facility is available for either, station to station or for network operation. All participating stations must be set to the same frequency, same mode and same scrambling code. This type of traffic is used to pass secrete messages to avoid enemies from interception. SECURE VOICE PROCEDURE Press traffic key—display shows clear voice. Press up key—display shows secure voice. Press enter –AVS code appears. Enter code e.g.—1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0 ten digits. Press enter key—(display shows, 1-normal, 2- net sync) Move the cursor to 2 net sync for all net calls. Press enter key. Rx/T x appears AVS sync appears. Control station or any sub station to press CALL/SYNC key. BDCAST will appear. Press FUNCTION key and esc/abort key to return to normal operation. DIGITAL VOICE
This type of traffic provides transmission and
reception digitalized voice. The voice signal is digitalized and encrypted to enhance security on voice transmission and reception. PROCEDURE Press traffic key. Press UP key until display shows DIGITAL Voice 2400 or 800. Press Enter key, your voice now digitalized and secure. TYPES OF LINKS
Frequency Hopping (standard hopping).
Automatic Link Establishment (ALE). Selective Calling (SelCal). STANDARD HOPPING This type of operation provides an ant-jamming method of communication and can be used to provide reduced probability to interception as the transceiver changes from one frequency in a random sequence. The frequency hopping sequence is preceded by with a six (6) digits security code prior to synchronization. Frequency hopping is only available in the USB and LSB modes.