Electric Circuits

EEPx82
1
 Resistors in series
 Resistors in parallel
 Open-circuit and short-circuit
 Voltage divider
 Current divider
 Wye↔Delta transformations

2
Simple Circuits
• Series circuit
• All in a row
• 1 path for electricity
• 1 light goes out and the
circuit is broken

• Parallel circuit
• Many paths for electricity
• 1 light goes out and the
others stay on
The total current
is: 20 A

What happens if
the current
exceeds the safe
value of the line?

4
 In the series connection, the resistors are
sharing the same current.
 The equivalent resistance can be estimated by
adding the series connected resistors.

3 5
 In the parallel connection, the resistors are
sharing the same voltage.

6
 G=1/R=conductance (Ω-1)

 For two resistors,

7
Find Req?

8
2kΩ+4kΩ

3kΩ//6kΩ=(3*6)/(3+6)
=2 k Ω

2kΩ+2kΩ

9
 4kΩ//6kΩ=(4*6)/(4+6)=2.4 kΩ

3kΩ+2.4kΩ+9kΩ=14.4 kΩ

Req=14.4 kΩ

10
Find is ,i1, i2? +

Vxy

• Req seen by the 120V source= ((3+6)// 18)+4= (9//18)+4

• (9//18)= (9*18)/(9+18)= 6
• i.e. Req=6+4 = 10 Ω

• is= 120V/Req= 120/10= 12 A

• By KVL:
• Vxy= 120 - 4 is = 72 V
• i1= Vxy/18 = 4A
• By KCL: i2= is-i1= 8 A , or i2= Vxy/(3+6)=8 A

11
Find v , P5A source
P10Ω?

• v= 5* Req
Where Req seen by the 5A current source
((10+6)//64)+7.2=20 Ω
• Req= 20// 30 = (20*30)/(20+30)= 12 Ω
• v= 5* 12 = 60V
• Power generated by the 5 A source= is*v= 5 *60= 300 W

12
 21.6 V

To find P10Ω
We have to get the 3A
current passes through it 60 V
2A 38.4 V

 v=60
 i30Ω=60/30= 2A
 By KCL: i7.2Ω= 5A- i30Ω = 3A
 Ohm’s law: v7.2 Ω=7.2 * 3 = 21.6 V
 By KVL: V64Ω= 60- 21.6 = 38.4 V
 i10 Ω= V64Ω/(6+10)= 38.4/ 16= 2.4 A
 P10 Ω= 2.42* 10 =57.6 W

13
 An element with R=ꝏ is called ix
open circuit. Open circuit
 The current passes through the
open circuit= 0, while its 0A
voltage depends on the circuit
connections.
ix
 In the figure , due to open
circuit, the Rx and R1 are
sharing the same current, i.e.
series-connected and R2 has no
effect on the circuit .
 By applying KVL, the voltage
across open circuit= Voltage
across R1= ixR1

14
 An element or wire with R=0 i i
connected across another element
is called short circuit.
 The voltage across the short 0A
circuit= 0, while its current +
depends on the circuit V=0
connections. -
 In the figure (R1//0) =
(R1*0)/(R1+0)=0, i.e. R1 has no
effect on the Req seen by Vs. So we
can omit R1 from the circuit safely. short circuit
 Req= Rx+0 = Rx.
 The current passes through short
circuit here = the supply current
=i= Vs/Rx

15
16
17
 +

Vxy

Find is ,i1, i2 Vxy? -

using voltage Fig1

and current
+
divider rules
Vxy
• Fig3: Voltage divider
Vxy= (120*6)/(4+6)= 72 V -

• Fig3: Req=10→is= 120/10= 12A Fig2

Fig.2: Current divider +

i1= (is* 9)/ (9+18)= 4A
i2= (is* 18)/ (9+18)=8A Vxy

- Fig3
18
 For the circuit shown, the
equivalent resistance seen by the
voltage source Vs can not be
estimated using series and parallel
connection rules as the resistors
are not sharing the same current
or the same voltage.

• Connection between R1, R3, R4

called Wye or star connection.

• R2, R3, R5→ Wye or star connection.

• Connection between R1, R3, R2

called Delta connection.
• R4, R3, R5→ Delta connection.

19
20
2.6 Wye-Delta Transformations

Delta -> Star

Rb Rc
R1 =
( Ra + Rb + Rc )

n
Rc Ra
R2 =
( Ra + Rb + Rc )

Ra Rb
R3 =
( Ra + Rb + Rc )

21
2.6 Wye-Delta Transformations

Star -> Delta

R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Ra =
R1
n
R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Rb =
R2

R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Rc =
R3

22
 Find the equivalent resistance seen by the
source and the source generated power.

23
 By applying Delta- Wye conversion for the
upper delta connection

24
  The circuit after conversion

• 12.5 and 37.5 are connected in

series= 50 Ω
• 10 and 40 are connected in
series= 50 Ω
• Req= (5 +50 + (50//50))
= 80 Ω
is= 40V/ 80 Ω = 0.5 A
P40V= 0.5*40 = 20 W

25
 Find v ?

• To find v across the current source, Req seen by the

current source should be estimated.

• The Delta/Wye connections

(28, 10 , 20) delta, (10, 5 , 105) delta, (20, 5, 10) star,
(28,10, 105) star. We can choose one of them and
convert it.

26
  Solution 1

Convert the Delta (28, 10 , 20) to Wye. (28*20) /(28+20+10)=9.7 (28*10) /(28+20+10)=4.83

9.7 4.83
3.45
(20*10) /(28+20+10)=3.45

• Req=[(105+4.83) // (3.45+5)]+ 9.7= 17.5 Ω

• v= 2*17.5= 35 V 27
  Solution 2

Convert the Wye (20, 5 , 10) to Delta.

(20*10+ 20*5+ 10*5)/ 5 = 70

(20*10+ 20*5+ 10*5)/ 20 = 17.5

(20*10+ 20*5+ 10*5)/ 10 = 35

28
 Solution 2
70

35 17.5

• Req=[(17.5//105) + (70//28)] // 35
(17.5//105)= (17.5*105)/ (17.5+105)=15
(70//28)= (70*28)/ (70+28)=20
Req=[15+20] //35= 35// 35 = 17.5 Ω

v= is*Req=2*17.5= 35 V

29