Maria Theresa

Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia; thirteen May 1717 – 29 November
1780) became ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her demise in 1780, and the only girl to
preserve the location in her personal right. She become the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia,
Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By
marriage, she became Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.

Maria Theresa began her forty-12 months reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died on October
20, 1740. Charles VI paved the manner for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent
his entire reign securing it. He unnoticed the recommendation of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who believed
that a strong navy and a rich treasury have been greater vital than mere signatures. Eventually, Charles
VI left in the back of a weakened and impoverished kingdom, particularly because of the War of the
Polish Succession and the Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739). Moreover, upon his dying, Saxony, Prussia,
Bavaria, and France all repudiated the sanction they had acknowledged all through his lifetime. Frederick
II of Prussia (who became Maria Theresa's best rival for maximum of her reign) right away invaded and
took the prosperous Habsburg province of Silesia in the seven-12 months conflict referred to as the War
of the Austrian Succession. In defiance of the grave state of affairs, she managed to steady the critical
guide of the Hungarians for the conflict attempt. During the direction of the warfare, Maria Theresa
effectively defended her rule over maximum of the Habsburg monarchy, aside from the loss of Silesia
and some minor territories in Italy. Maria Theresa later unsuccessfully tried to recover Silesia during the
Seven Years' War.

Though she changed into predicted to cede electricity to her husband, Emperor Francis I, and her eldest
son, Emperor Joseph II, who have been formally her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia, Maria Theresa
become absolutely the sovereign who dominated with the suggest of her advisers. Maria Theresa
promulgated institutional, economic, scientific and academic reforms, with the help of Wenzel Anton of
Kaunitz-Rietberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten. She also promoted trade and
the development of agriculture, and reorganised Austria's ramshackle military, all of which strengthened
Austria's international standing. However, she despised Jews and Protestants, and on certain events she
ordered their expulsion to remote components of the area. She additionally advocated for the state
church.

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